图象平滑滤波算法的改进

最大均匀性平滑算法对图象的平滑具有较好的效果，但是这种方法的执行效率较低，速度较慢。对此，本文对最大均匀性平滑算法提出了一种改进，使改进后的最大均匀性平滑算法在效果和速度等方面均得到了较大的提高。     

Discounting and reciprocity in an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) is a central paradigm in the study of animal cooperation. According to the IPD framework, repeated play (repetition) and reciprocity combine to maintain a cooperative equilibrium. However, experimental studies with animals suggest that cooperative behavior in IPDs is unstable, and some have suggested that strong preferences for immediate benefits (that is, temporal discounting) might explain the fragility of cooperative equilibria. We studied the effects of discounting and strategic reciprocity on cooperation in captive blue jays. Our results demonstrate an interaction between discounting and reciprocity. Blue jays show high stable levels of cooperation in treatments with reduced discounting when their opponent reciprocates, but their levels of cooperation decline in all other treatment combinations. This suggests that stable cooperation requires both reduced discounting and reciprocity, and it offers an explanation of earlier failures to find cooperation in controlled payoff games.     

Five rules for the evolution of cooperation

Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation.     

A morphological assessment system for ‘show quality’ bovine livestock based on image analysis

Morphological assessment is one important parameter considered in conservation and improvement programs for bovine livestock. This assessment process consists of scoring an animal based on its morphology and is normally carried out by highly qualified staff. These animals are all of agreed ‘show quality’ and hence they are morphologically very similar.This paper presents a system designed to provide an assessment based on a lateral image of the cow. The system consists of two main parts: a feature extraction stage, to reduce the information on the cow in the image to a set of parameters, and a neural network stage to provide a score based on that set of parameters. For the image analysis section, a model of the animal is constructed by means of the point distribution model (PDM) technique. Later, that model is used in the searching process within each image, which is implemented using genetic algorithms (GAs). As a result of this stage, the vector of weights that describe the deviation of the given shape from the mean is obtained. This vector is used in the second stage, where a multilayer perceptron is trained to provide the desired assessment, using the scores given by experts for selected cows.The system has been tested with 138 images corresponding to 44 individuals of a special rustic breed, with very promising results, given that the information contained in only one view of the cow can not be considered complete.     

Shadow effect on multi-spectral image for detection of nitrogen deficiency in corn

The efficiency of side-dressing, a more efficient of nitrogen application method than uniform application in either late Fall or early Spring, relies heavily on the capability of nitrogen deficiency detection on a sprayer. To determine the site-specific yield potential for corn, multi-spectral image analysis including aerial- and ground-based images has been used. Some acceptable calibration relationships between the multi-spectral reflectance and SPAD readings have been found from previous study. In sunny weather conditions there was a shadow in the image made by corn leaf itself. This research investigated the shadow effect on the image for detecting corn nitrogen deficiency based on corn canopy reflectance information. The results indicated that the reflectance of red channel in shadow area showed strong inverse correlation, so the vegetation index NDVI using red and NIR channels also showed strong correlation (R² = 77) compared to the whole leaf and bright area. And the reflectance (green and red) and vegetation index(G_NDVI, NDVI, and ratio) in shadow area showed more consistent correlations than others using these image analysis methods.     

布尔山羊的繁殖特性观察

通过对布尔山羊繁殖行为习性的连续观察,发现布尔山羊的性成熟年龄比国内小型山羊品种晚,属于较早熟品种.不同性格的布尔山羊公羊的性成熟年龄、采精量和精液品质均有一定差异,其中性格稳健型公羊的繁殖表现较为理想.布尔山羊公羊对发情母羊的选择不仅依赖于嗅觉,还在一定程度上依赖于视觉,它们对异种母羊（如毛用或奶用山羊）有一定排斥现象.初产三羔的母羊5 a累积产羔数比初产单羔的母羊多7.45只,比初产双羔的母羊多4.55只.公、母羊的繁殖高峰期均出现在3岁左右,2～4岁母羊超数排卵处理效果较好.     

A Bayesian truth serum for subjective data

Subjective judgments, an essential information source for science and policy, are problematic because there are no public criteria for assessing judgmental truthfulness. I present a scoring method for eliciting truthful subjective data in situations where objective truth is unknowable. The method assigns high scores not to the most common answers but to the answers that are more common than collectively predicted, with predictions drawn from the same population. This simple adjustment in the scoring criterion removes all bias in favor of consensus: Truthful answers maximize expected score even for respondents who believe that their answer represents a minority view.     

形位公差中相关原则的应用

本文对最大实体原则和反补偿进行了全面分析，认为反补偿虽然未纳入国家标准，但它具有实用性和可行性。作者提出了一种处理反补偿的合理方法。     

电子商誉评估浅析

本文旨在研究电子商务中信用问题的解决途径，并提出“电子商誉”这一多角度评估概念，综合工商、税务、银行及企业网上行为等多方面的信息，突破了以往的单一模式，并为全方位评估电子商誉提供了指导方向。     

河道岸绿工程综合效益评价体系及基于ANP的权重

从生态、社会和经济3个方面,构建了由31个指标组成的河道岸绿工程综合效益评价指标体系,并说明了指标的评分方法和标准,用网络层次分析法(ANP)求解权重。从权重看,河道岸绿工程的社会效益比较突出,生态效益次之,经济效益不显著。     

基于Fisher判别分析的玉米叶部病害图像识别

 【目的】利用计算机视觉技术实现玉米叶部病害的自动识别诊断。【方法】在大田开放环境下采集病害图像样本,综合应用基于H阈值分割、迭代二值化、图像形态学运算、轮廓提取等算法处理病害图像,抽取病斑,提取病害图像的纹理、颜色、形状等特征向量,采用遗传算法优化选择出分类特征,并利用费歇尔判别法识别普通锈病、大斑病和褐斑病3种玉米叶部病害。【结果】研究中提取了墒、相关信息测度、分形维数、H值、Cb值、颜色矩、病斑面积、圆度、形状因子等28个特征向量,利用遗传算法优选出H值、颜色矩、病斑面积、形状因子等4个独立、稳定性好、分类能力强的特征向量,应用费歇尔判别分析法识别病害,准确率达到90%以上。【结论】综合运用数字图像处理技术、图像纹理、颜色、形状特征分析方法、遗传算法、费歇尔判别分析方法可以有效识别基于田间条件下采集的病害图像,为田间开放环境下实现大田作物病虫害的快速智能诊断提供借鉴。     

"80分"计分系统——对阵表

扑克牌作为休闲娱乐工具越来越受到人们的欢迎。本系统的研究和开发有利于集中管理参赛队员和比赛信息。本系统主要使用ADODB访问组件的Recordset对象和Connection对象操作基本数据库表,进行队员信息的管理、比赛对阵表的管理、比赛结果信息的管理。此处主要解决的问题是不同的轮次不能产生相同的对阵双方,采用的方法是二维数组存储变量区别比赛双方前面的轮次是否已进行了比赛。在选择队员的过程中,为减少程序的时间复杂度,每产生一个随机数将选中一个队伍。比赛轮次是不确定因素,存储对阵信息的数据表将动态生成。     

Temporal summation of light by a vertebrate visual receptor

Using aspartate to isolate mass receptor-activity, we have investigated the reciprocity of flash intensity and flash duration in determining the response of the frog's cone receptor. The duration over which reciprocity holds decrease with increases in either flash energy of ambient light intensity. These findings parallel those of human psychophysical experiments.     

刨花板施胶效果计算机视觉分析方法

讨论了目前国内外现有刨花板施胶效果研究的现状，提出计算机视觉分析方法。探讨了系统的构成原理，图象的处理与特征量的采集，建立了全新的刨花施胶果表征参数。结果表明：该方法是一种自动化程度高，速度快，精度高的刨花施花胶效果分析新技术，能客观，全面地分析与测量刨花的施胶效果，更好地达到控制整个刨花板生产工艺流程的目的。     

花道泡水质模拟预测研究

Delft-3D是由荷兰水力研究院（Delft Hydraulics）开发设计的三维或二维可视水动力一水质联合模拟软件系统,可全面仿真水域的三维或二维循环水流水质情况。该模型不仅考虑了复杂的流体力学问题和输送过程,还考虑到众多与有关水体相关的物理、化学和生物的相互作用,使仿真结果较先前使用的水质及水力模型仿真套件所作的预测更为可靠和准确。该研究以Dent-3D软件为技术平台,对饮用水水源地花道泡引水初期的水质进行了模拟预测,初步确定了水体适合农业灌溉和生活饮用的时间,并且给当地的决策部门提出了一些建议。     

烟台采摘型休闲农业游客满意度和参与行为研究

为了促进烟台采摘型休闲农业旅游产业的发展,填补相关研究的空白,采用问卷调查与评分法,研究了烟台采摘型休闲农业游客满意度和参与行为。结果表明：游客对福山大樱桃采摘旅游满意度综合评分为30.3分,属极高水平;随着年龄的增加游客对福山大樱桃采摘旅游满意度评分增加,相关性达到显著水平;游客学历与福山大樱桃采摘旅游满意度评分呈负相关,相关性达到显著水平;游客获取福山大樱桃采摘旅游信息的渠道主要通过朋友介绍和网络;游客参加福山大樱桃采摘旅游的方式主要是自驾游和旅行社;参加福山大樱桃采摘旅游的目的呈现多样性;68.2%的游客表示会重游,79.8%的游客表示会向其他人推荐。游客对福山大樱桃采摘的满意度达到较高水平,游客具有较高的参与热情。     

多头切花菊新品种的引种筛选研究

[目的]筛选性状优良,适合在连云港地区推广的多头切花菊品种。[方法]引进39个多头切花菊新品种试种,并根据切花菊评价标准和菊花DUS测试技术,对主要性状进行测试,最后建立一个综合评分模型来评价。[结果]筛选出得分在2.5（含2.5分）以上的18个优良品种,得分在2.0～2.5（含2分）的17个保留品种和低于2.0分的4个品种。[结论]筛选出的18个优良品种可在连云港地区根据花色和瓣型的不同需求组合进行商品生产和种苗繁育。     

Mutual Restraint in Tree Swallows: A Test of the TIT FOR TAT Model of Reciprocity

The TIT FOR TAT model of reciprocity, which is based on a successful program for the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma, was experimentally tested on a population oftree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Parent and nonbreeding tree swallows have conflicts of interests that resemble those in the Prisoner's Dilemma. TIT FOR TAT predicts restraint of conflict before a competitor's act of defection, retaliation after defection, and a resumption of restraint following retaliation. After a simulated act of defection by nonbreeders, parents behaved as predicted by the model.     

基于形态学和小波变换的图像边缘检测方法

电力机房图像边缘提取是实现电力机房三维重建的重要辅助环节,机房图像边缘提取越精准,三维重建将会更准确.本文提出一种融合小波变换模极大值和多尺度多结构形态学的图像边缘检测算法对电力机房图像进行处理.首先,对原始电力机房图像进行小波分解得到高频图像和低频图像;然后,采用小波变化模极大值算法提取高频图像的边缘信息,多尺度多结构数学形态学算法提取低频图像的边缘信息;最后,通过叠加运算融合高频和低频的边缘信息,得到原始图像的边缘信息.通过仿真实验表明,本文提出的边缘检测算法在抗噪性能、边缘连续性、定位精度上综合实力最强.     

学生身体素质评分方法的实验研究

本文提出了更新学生身体素质评分方法的依据，并根据座标原理将数学评分模型制成了评定学生身体素质成绩的《模型》评分表。实验结果表明：使用《模型》评分表能最大限度地调动不同体能学生课堂学习与课外锻炼的积极性，收到应全面发展体能、不断提高身体素质成绩的实际效果。