新城疫病毒La Sota株HN基因的克隆与序列分析

旨在从分子生物学角度进一步研究新城疫病毒La Sota株HN基因,探究NDV La Sota HN基因的遗传变异情况。研究以试验室冻存的p NDV-HN为模版,根据Gen Bank中登录的NDV La Sota株序列设计引物扩增HN基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后进行鉴定,对鉴定正确的重组质粒p MD-NDV-HN进行测序分析。应用生物信息学软件对新城疫病毒Lasota株HN基因进行系统进化树分析、氨基酸序列同源性分析、糖基化位点、蛋白结构跨膜区分析及磷酸化位点预测分析。核苷酸序列测定结果表明:HN基因的序列长度为1743bp,该基因的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF)总长为1716 bp,编码571个氨基酸。生物信息学表明:试验获得的HN基因具有6个潜在糖基化位点及12个半胱氨酸残基,第5个潜在糖基化位点(508-510 aa)发生缺失及第123位半胱氨酸残基被色氨酸残基取代。La Sota株HN基因编码的蛋白质中有29个丝氨酸、10个酪氨酸和16个苏氨酸可能成为蛋白激酶磷酸化位点。将试验获得的La Sota株HN基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与新城疫毒株的HN基因相应序列比较后发现,它们的核苷酸序列同源性和氨基酸序列同源性最高均可达到99%,表明HN基因在种属间具有较高的保守性。研究为新城疫病毒的分子病毒学研究奠定了基础。     

甜樱桃(Prunus avium)PaGAST基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

为获得甜樱桃PaGAST 基因的cDNA 序列,并预测该基因编码蛋白的结构与功能,以草莓FaGAST1 基因序列为探针,通过基于NCBI数据库中表达序列标签的电子克隆技术对甜樱桃PaGAST 基 因进行克隆。利用生物信息学方法对其编码蛋白的理化性质、疏水性和亲水性、信号肽序列、跨膜结构域、亚细胞定位及功能等方面进行分析。结果表明：甜樱桃PaGAST 基因长度为750 bp,开放阅读框长度为324 bp,编码107 个氨基酸,N末端存在信号肽序列,C末端含有保守的GASA结构域。由于PaGAST蛋白中含有的疏水性氨基酸残基较多,该蛋白具有跨膜螺旋区,是一种跨膜蛋白,且有10 个预测的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点。亚细胞定位分析表明,PaGAST蛋白分布在细胞膜外的可能性很大。功能预测显示,PaGAST 基因可能具有响应胁迫应答、信号转导和免疫应答方面的功能。进化分析显示甜樱桃PaGAST蛋白与桃的亲缘关系最近。在一定程度上为甜樱桃PaGAST 基因的克隆及功能鉴定奠定理论基础。     

甜樱桃PaGAST基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

为获得甜樱桃PaGAST基因的cDNA序列,并预测该基因编码蛋白的结构与功能,以草莓FaGAST1基因序列为探针,通过基于NCBI数据库中表达序列标签的电子克隆技术对甜樱桃PaGAST基因进行克隆。利用生物信息学方法对其编码蛋白的理化性质、疏水性和亲水性、信号肽序列、跨膜结构域、亚细胞定位及功能等方面进行分析。结果表明:甜樱桃PaGAST基因长度为750 bp,开放阅读框长度为324 bp,编码107个氨基酸,N末端存在信号肽序列,C末端含有保守的GASA结构域。由于PaGAST蛋白中含有的疏水性氨基酸残基较多,该蛋白具有跨膜螺旋区,是一种跨膜蛋白,且有10个预测的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点。亚细胞定位分析表明,PaGAST蛋白分布在细胞膜外的可能性很大。功能预测显示,PaGAST基因可能具有响应胁迫应答、信号转导和免疫应答方面的功能。进化分析显示甜樱桃PaGAST蛋白与桃的亲缘关系最近。在一定程度上为甜樱桃PaGAST基因的克隆及功能鉴定奠定理论基础。     

鸡新城疫病毒F基因的克隆及序列分析

研究旨在从分子生物学角度研究新城疫病原F基因,探究NDV F基因的遗传变异情况及其蛋白结构。提取新城疫病毒基因组RNA,根据GenBank中已知的NDV La Sota株序列设计引物扩增F基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后进行鉴定,对鉴定正确的重组质粒pMD-NDV-F进行测序分析。应用生物信息学软件对新城疫病毒F基因进行系统进化树分析、氨基酸序列同源性分析、蛋白结构跨膜区分析及F蛋白三级结构的预测。核苷酸序列测定结果表明：F基因为1792 bp,共编码553个氨基酸;生物信息学分析结果表明：F基因在种属间具有较高的保守性,试验获得的F基因与NDV La Sota、Clone30、V4、B1等弱毒株的一致性较高,具有典型的弱毒株特性,F基因的氨基酸序列与新城疫病毒La Sota株F基因的序列同源性最高可达100%;F蛋白的三级结构预测结果显示：F蛋白部分片段与新城疫病毒F蛋白融合片段的相似性为96%。研究为新城疫病毒的分子病毒学研究奠定了基础。     

H5N1型禽流感病毒HA基因克隆及序列分析

为从分子生物学角度进一步研究H5N1型禽流感主要抗原HA基因,探究H5N1 HA基因的遗传变异情况及其蛋白结构,根据GenBank中登录的H5N1型禽流感HA基因的序列利用Primer 5.0设计引物扩增HA基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后进行鉴定,对鉴定正确的重组质粒pMD-H5N1-HA进行测序分析。应用生物信息学软件对禽流感病毒HA基因进行系统进化树分析、氨基酸序列同源性分析、保守区分析,磷酸化位点和序列重复区分析及HA蛋白二级、三级结构的预测。核苷酸序列测定结果表明：HA基因长1661 bp,共编码326个氨基酸;生物信息学分析结果表明：HA基因在种间具有较高保守性,HA基因的氨基酸序列与其他地方性禽流感H5N1病毒株HA基因的序列同源性最高可达99.7%,且为高致病性毒株;HA蛋白的二级、三级结构预测结果显示：HA蛋白多为α螺旋和β转角结构,无规则卷曲,是亲水性蛋白。该结果为禽流感病毒的分子病毒学研究奠定了基础。     

烟草质子泵互作蛋白NTPpi1基因的克隆及其生物信息学分析

为了能够更好地选育高钾烟草品种,本研究根据烟叶钾元素含量全基因组关联分析结果,克隆了烟草质子泵互作蛋白NTPpi1的基因序列。生物信息学分析发现,NTPpi1基因长度为1 834 bp,开放读码框为981 bp,编码的蛋白质序列由326个氨基酸组成;蛋白质分子量为145.3 kD,蛋白质等电点为5.00;通过在线软件TMHMM 2.0 Server预测发现,该蛋白存在一个跨膜的螺旋结构,且跨膜长度有23个氨基酸。氨基酸序列多序列比对分析结果显示,NTPpi1的氨基酸序列与其他植物Ppi1氨基酸序列的一致性为80.82%。通过NetPhos 3.1 Server软件对质子泵互作蛋白NTPpi1的磷酸化位点进行预测,发现有29个可以磷酸化的位点,其中第321位的Threonine磷酸化位点位于跨膜区域,推测这个位点可能是该蛋白与ATP酶质子泵相互作用的位点。以上结果的发现为高钾烟草品种的选育提供一定的理论支持。     

绒山羊和绵羊KAP1.4基因cDNA序列的克隆及其编码蛋白的结构分析

对绒山羊和绵羊KAP1.4基因的编码区进行克隆与分析,在此基础上预测了KAP1.4蛋白的分子结构,为研究毛(绒)用性状的分子基础提供资料。结果表明,克隆测序获得绒山羊、绵羊KAP1.4基因编码区序列长度为579bp和549 bp,分别编码192个氨基酸和182个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,绒山羊和绵羊KAP1.4蛋白的基本理化特性方面无明显差异,属于非跨膜蛋白,信号肽的长度和裂解点相同,都具有1个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、3个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和6个N端酰基化位点;蛋白的二级结构由β折叠、β转角和无规则卷曲构成。三级结构预测显示,绒山羊与绵羊KAP1.4蛋白在空间三维结构上存在显著差异,将会进一步影响其功能的发挥并成为调控产毛(绒)性状的影响因子。     

鸡粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为了解GM-CSF的基因及蛋白质特性,本研究以pUC-GM-CSF为模板,根据GenBank中登录的GM-CSF序列设计引物扩增GM-CSF基因,随后将其克隆至 pMD18-T载体,并对鉴定正确的重组质粒 pT-GM-CSF进行测序分析,然后对GM-CSF基因进行同源性分析、ORF分析、氨基酸序列分析、疏水性分析、磷酸化位点预测、亚细胞定位分析及二级结构预测。结果表明：该基因ORF的全部长度为453 bp,能够编码150个氨基酸,并且在GM-CSF基因所编码的蛋白质中有4个丝氨酸和3个苏氨酸可能成为蛋白激酶磷酸化的位点。同时,GM-CSF蛋白的最大疏水性为2.267,且有8.91%的可能位于细胞外,有0.8%的可能位于细胞壁,有0.24%的可能位于细胞质。同时,该蛋白质的二级结构主要由无规卷曲、α螺旋和延伸链构成。本研究通过对GM-CSF基因进行生物信息学分析,为探究其免疫增强机制奠定基础。     

天祝白牦牛KAP1.1基因亚型B2A克隆及鉴定

通过对天祝白牦牛高硫角蛋白基因启动子B2A克隆得到其序列,将序列提交到NCBI,登录号:KJ910005,并对其进行生物信息学分析,通过亚细胞定位,磷酸化分析,二级、三级结构和保守结构域预测结果比较,MEGA 5.10软件进行NJ法进化树构建和Meg Align进行蛋白质相似分析来分析B2A基因与KAP1.1(Keratin associated protein1.1)基因的差异性。B2A基因的CDS区全长为471 bp,共编码156个氨基酸,二级结构含有延伸链、β转角和无规卷曲3种。B2A蛋白和KAP1.1蛋白的亚细胞定位,磷酸化分析,保守结构域,二级结构、三级结构和同源性差异较大。但是从功能预测结果显示2个蛋白功能完全一致,并且使用Clustal X进行氨基酸序列比对分析显示B2A蛋白从第33位开始相对于KA1.1蛋白有10个氨基酸的缺失以外,其余序列之间的保守性相当高。因此,可以证明B2A基因是KAP1.1基因的基因亚型。     

金银花绿原酸合成酶基因LjHQT的生物信息学分析

羟基肉桂酰辅酶A奎尼羟基肉桂转移酶(hydroxycinnamoyl Co A quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase,HQT)是金银花绿原酸合成过程中的关键酶,本研究利用生物信息学的分析方法,对金银花HQT氨基酸序列与其它植物间相应片段进行同源比对和系统进化分析,并对该基因编码蛋白的理化性质,亚细胞定位、跨膜结构、二级结构和三级结构等方面进行了预测和分析。结果表明,LjHQT编码的蛋白含424个氨基酸,是一种亲水性蛋白,蛋白磷酸化位点有7个,其中丝氨酸位点6个,酪氨酸1个;目的蛋白中不存在信号肽,没有跨膜结构域,LjHQT可能定位于叶绿体或其它细胞器;其编码的氨基酸序列与中果咖啡的同源关系较近,具有较高的保守性与乌梅、葡萄的同源关系较远。二三级结构分析表明,LjHQT编码的蛋白主要由无规则卷曲和α螺旋组成,空间结构主要是螺旋和转角。本研究为LjHQT功能分析提供了重要研究基础。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...