鳞盖红菇与正红菇成分分析及毒性实验

对鳞盖红菇（RussulalepidaFr）与正红菇（RussulavinosaLindbl）子实体的粗蛋白、水溶性粗多糖、微量元素、氨基酸等成分进行了分析、比较;并以正红苗为对照,对鳞盖红菇进行了急性毒性实验。结果表明：两种菇所测成分相近,且均属于安全食用菌。     

广西红椎菌林地改造人工促繁方法

广西林下菌根型食用菌红椎菌出菇点固定、生长密集、产量大、价格高,给当地林农带来了很好的经济效益。根据鳞盖红菇的生物学特性并利用生态学原理,通过对不同林相、不同山体朝向、不同山体部位的林地进行不同改造,调控鳞盖红菇野生生长环境,实现了红菇产量、质量的大幅度提高,实现了鳞盖红菇的人工促繁。     

广西红椎菌林地改造人工促繁方法

广西林下菌根型食用菌红椎菌出菇点固定、生长密集、产量大、价格高,给当地林农带来了很好的经济效益。根据鳞盖红菇的生物学特性并利用生态学原理,通过对不同林相、不同山体朝向、不同山体部位的林地进行不同改造,调控鳞盖红菇野生生长环境,实现了红菇产量、质量的大幅度提高,实现了鳞盖红菇的人工促繁。     

广西浦北六万山椎林的红菇及其生态环境的调查研究

对广西浦北六万山椎林出产的主要商品红菇（Russulasp）进行了调查,描述了其形态特征,考察了其生态环境。经鉴定,被当地群众称为“红椎菌”的应为葡酒红菇（Russula,vinosaLindbl）,属于菌根性食用菌（EdibleMycorrhizalFungi）。     

环境因素对正红菇纯培养的影响及红菇菌剂制备研究

研究影响正红菇RL1菌株生长的环境条件，结果表明其菌丝生长的最适温度为30．10℃；最适pH5．85；最适光照度为319．89lx，但黑暗下也能正常生长；对NaCl的耐受力中等；最适固体基质水分含量为60％，菌丝生长好氧。据此研究制备了两种较理想的菌剂，即“液体种”和“棉子壳固体种”。     

菌根多样性对红楮林细根生物量及红菇采收量的影响

试验研究菌根多样性对红楮林细根生物量及红菇采收量的影响结果表明,处理区菌根菌种类增加11个,红菇产量增加11.25kg/hm2,增幅68.18%,差异显著;0~100cm土层细根生物量增加3.35t/hm2,差异显著;0~10cm土层细根生物量增加3.26t/hm2,增幅190%,差异极显著。表明人工促进菌根多样性不仅提高了森林生态系统中的乔木细根量,还提高了菌根菌的丰度和频度。     

正红菇菌丝液体培养及其与子实体成分分析

正红菇（RussulavinosaLindbl）液体培养条件的筛选试验结果表明：选用1％葡萄糖、0．5％黄豆粉、0．1％KH2PO4,0.05％MgSO4.7H2O配制培养基,在pH6．2的条件下发酵6d,可达到最高菌丝产量2．989g/L。对正红茹子实体、液体培养所得菌丝体化学成分进行测定,结果表明：菌丝体的粗蛋白、氨基酸及微量元素的含量与子实体接近,但水溶性粗多糖的量只有子实体的1／10．     

正红菇纯培养的营养生理研究

对正红菇纯培养RL1菌株做了多种营养生理试验研究,结果表明：适宜的碳源为蔗糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖,不能利用羧甲基纤维素钠;适宜的氮源为酵母膏、牛肉膏和蛋白陈,硫酸铵也能被较好地利用;适宜的C／N为20／1;矿质元素P,K,Mg对菌丝生长的影响很大,其中P的影响最显著,Ca和Na的影响很小;维生素肌醇对菌丝生长有明显的促进作用。     

贵州主要野生食药用菌资源及开发利用探析

贵州省野生菌资源丰富但开发利用程度较低。基于此,结合贵州境内野生菌资源调查情况和分析,列出贵州主要食用菌和药用菌名录,共25种。其中,食用菌以松乳菇、牛肝菌、红菇为主,药用菌以灵芝、虫草为主,并从野生菌保育和市场建设方面提出具有针对性的开发利用建议。     

硅对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生长的影响

采用砂基培养的方法，研究了硅对盐胁皖下玉米幼苗生长的一些生理指标的影响。结果表明，硅增强了盐胁迫下玉米幼苗硝酸还原酶的活性，促进了蛋白质的合成，提高了盐胁迫下玉米叶片的光合速率和干物质重，改善了玉米幼苗体内的水分代谢和水分利用率。在盐胁皖下，硅降低了玉米幼苗根系质膜透性，增强了根系的活力，抑制了玉米对钠离子的吸疏，促进了对钾离子的吸收。     

茭白采后主要致腐真菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

为明确茭白采后主要致腐真菌的种类,通过组织分离法对茭白在常温下自然腐烂的致腐菌进行分离,根据形态学特征、rDNA-ITS序列和TEF-1α基因序列分析对所分离出的菌株进行鉴定,同时对其进行生物学特性研究。结果表明,从自然腐烂的茭白上分离出3种真菌,其中1种经过回接试验能使茭白腐烂,经鉴定为禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)。该菌菌丝生长及产孢的适宜培养温度为20~30℃,最适温度为25℃;致死温度为55℃(10 min);该菌适宜在偏中碱性环境中生长,在pH值4~11时均能产孢,且最适产孢pH值为6;以甘露醇为碳源、酵母浸出粉为氮源最利于该菌菌丝生长,以D-果糖为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源最利于该菌产孢。茭白采后主要致腐菌的确定为后续采取针对性的防腐保鲜措施提供了依据,亦为延长茭白采后货架期奠定了理论参考。     

绒毛栓孔菌液体培养过程中胞外酶活性的研究

本研究以绒毛栓孔菌为材料,采用液体培养的方法分析其在发酵过程中胞外酶的活性变化,并对其菌丝体生物量和发酵液pH值进行了测定。结果表明：胞外酶活性与菌丝体生长状况密切相关。菌丝体生物量增长呈＂S＂型,6～8d增长最快,第12天达到最大值,在此过程中漆酶、锰过氧化物酶、淀粉酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶活性均出现高峰。酶活性的变化表明,在液体培养过程中绒毛栓孔菌首先分解木质素,其次利用淀粉和纤维素作为碳源,蛋白质作为氮源。若要获得最大菌丝体生物量,缩短培养时间,就必须在培养过程中保证碳氮源的均衡供给。本试验说明不同的酶其分泌高峰期可以作为判断菌丝体营养利用情况和培养周期的依据,以此获取最大菌丝体生物量,为工业生产利用奠定基础。     

Energy efficiency of the mycoparasite Sporidesmium sclerotivorum in vitro and in soil

The energy content of the mycoparasite Sporidesmium sclerotivorum mycelium was 18,389 J g^?1 and 16,334 J g^?1 for macroconidia on a dry weight basis. The energy content of Sclerotinia minor sclerotia, the host of the mycoparasite, was 16,485 J g^?1. In liquid culture, the economic coefficient for the conversion of glucose to mycelium (mycelial dry wt ÷ glucose consumed × 100) was 51–60 whereas the mycelial energy coefficient, [mycelial energy (J) ÷ substrate energy (J) × 100] was 65–75. In soil, the conidial energy coefficient [conidial energy (J) ÷ substrate energy (J) × 100] for the conversion of host sclerotial energy to the macroconidia of the mycoparasite was 19.8, which was 2–9 times that for the conversion of glucose in liquid culture. The conidial energy coefficient when grown on a liquid medium on vermiculite was 23.0. S. sclerotivorum, as an obligate parasite of sclerotia in soil, was most efficient in the conversion of energy in a system where there was a high surface: energy ratio. In liquid culture S. sclerotivorum is more efficient than most other fungi.     

Bench-Scale Preparation of Mushroom Substrates In Controlled Environments

Conventional composting for mushroom cultivation involves a largely uncontrolled phase in which there are wide variations in temperature and oxygen level, resulting in the production of odor pollutants. The experiments reported in this paper investigated environmental conditions for compost preparation in an attempt to minimize odor production. Substrates for mushroom culture were prepared in flasks under controlled temperature and aeration. The temperature (48 to 72°C), O₂ concentration (0.6 to 8.7 percent v/v) and duration (6 or 20 h) of an initial pasteurization phase were varied before all the substrates were given a standard aerated conditioning period at 47°C. Compost decomposition, initial mineralization rates of ¹⁴C labelled glutamic acid (a measure of microbial activity) and actinomycete and fungal populations all decreased as the pasteurization temperature increased from 48°C to 72°C. The duration and O₂ concentration of the pasteurization treatment did not affect the overall decomposition of the substrate, mineralization of ¹⁴C labelled glutamic acid and subsequent mushroom mycelial extension rate and yield from the substrate. Under the controlled temperature conditions, the optimum pasteurization temperature for mushroom mycelial extension rate and sporophore yield was 60°C but possible benefits of higher temperature zones in a large stack situation were identified: 1) a higher concentration of ammonia which may assist substrate degradation over a prolonged period; 2) the development of high populations of intercellular bacteria following pasteurization at 72°C, 0.6 percent O₂; 3) the recovery of low rates of mineralization of ¹⁴C labelled glutamic acid following the pasteurization of substrate at 72°C to rates above those of the 48°C and 60°C pasteurization treatments.     

外源营养物对菌丝体生物质材料的生长研究及其性能表征

为优化菌丝体生物质材料配方和成品性能,该研究以菌丝生长速率为评价指标,首先通过单因素试验筛选出较佳外源营养物。再利用Plackett-Burman试验确定了影响平菇菌丝生长的主要因素为葡萄糖、酵母粉和KH2PO4,通过最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken响应面分析对添加物进行分析,得到较佳外源营养物组合为：质量分数为4.7%葡萄糖、1%酵母粉和0.3%磷酸二氢钾。最后比较了未添加和添加外源营养物制得的菌丝体材料结构与性能,结果表明：与未添加组相比,添加外源营养物制得的菌丝体材料,其菌丝粗壮且相对致密,菌丝直径增加了460 nm;复合材料压缩强度为114 kPa,较未添加对照组提升了43.7%,说明外源营养物的添加促进了平菇菌丝的生长,提高了菌丝体材料的强度和回弹性。研究结果为菌丝体生物质材料的制备及其性能优化提供参考。     

香菇对木质纤维素的降解及其有关酶活的变化

以木糠加20%麦麸为基质,栽培香菇7917,7923,LcB,在不同生长阶段,测定培养物的主要化学组分和有关酶活的变化。结果表明,从接种到子实体收获,所试菌株培养物的干物质重、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、全碳和 C/N 等都持续不断地下降,全氮和粗灰分相对含量却逐渐升高。基质中纤维素酶活性在子实体形成期间达到最高峰,而此时可溶性糖含量较低;多酚氧化酶活性在菌丝生长阶段呈上升趋势,子实体形成时降低或消失.     

Antioxidant properties of Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture

The biologically active compounds, antioxidant activities, and free radical scavenging effects of dry matter of cultural medium (DMCM), filtrate (DMF), and different solvent extracts of mycelia from Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture (ACSC) were investigated. DMF showed the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation as a function of its concentration, and was comparable to the antioxidant activity of BHA at the same concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. The hexane extract of mycelia had the weakest antioxidant ability, whereas other mycelial extracts exhibited a modest inhibition of lipid peroxidation. DMF and water extract of mycelia (WEM) showed marked activity in free radical scavenging. The antioxidant activities of filtrate and mycelial extracts were correlated with the presence of total polyphenols, the crude triterpenoids, and the protein/polysaccharide ratio of the crude polysaccharides. It was found that DMCM had lower antioxidant ability than DMF in different model systems, indicating that the major antioxidant components in DMF must be derived from the secondary metabolites of mycelia. The results presented herein indicate that DMF could possibly act as a chemopreventing agent with respect to free radical-related diseases.     

The estimation of mycelial biomass by determination of the hexosamine content of wood tissue decayed by fungi

The mycelial biomass of fungi decomposing plant materials may be estimated by use of a chitin (hexosamine) assay technique. A method is described together with a discussion of its limitations; whatever the sensitivity of the chemical analysis the validity of the biomass estimate rests on the reliability of the conversion from chitin determination to mycelial dry weight. Estimates made on mycelium of Coriolus versicolor during decay of sawdust from Castanea sativa show a constant increase in biomass. The economic coefficient derived is 47 per cent which is similar to that for the utilization of glucose in liquid culture. Estimates of production are not possible due to lack of information concerning rates of hyphal death and autolysis. The estimated extents of mineral nutrient immobilization are 39% for N, 37% for P and 95% for K.     

Viridenepoxydiol, a new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene produced by Trichoderma viride

A new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene, named viridenepoxydiol, has been isolated (0.9 mg/L) from the culture filtrate of a strain of Trichoderma viride showing in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii, which is the causal agent of crown and stem rot of artichoke. Viridenepoxydiol was characterized as 3,5,9-trimethyl-2-oxiranyl-dec-8-ene-2,5-diol (3) using spectroscopic methods. It showed inhibitor effect on mycelial growth of S. rolfsii and its minimum inhibitory concentration (over 90% inhibition) was found to be 396 mug/mL. This is the first time that viridenepoxydiol was reported.     

担子菌菌丝体呼吸速率变化规律的研究

试验研究灵芝、猴头和金针菇 3种担子菌菌丝体阶段呼吸速率随菌丝生长的变化规律结果表明 ,3种担子菌呼吸速率随菌丝生长均呈单调上升趋势 ,其数值因菌种而异 ,菌丝呼吸速率在菌丝同一生长期变化较小。 3种担子菌菌丝平均生长速度随菌丝长度的增加均呈单峰变化趋势 ,菌丝呼吸速率最大值出现时间滞后于菌丝日生长速度最大值出现时间