高湿条件下温度对储藏稻谷水分和脂肪酸值的影响研究

通过模拟储藏,研究了高湿(85%)条件下温度对储藏稻谷水分和脂肪酸值的影响。结果表明储藏环境的温度和时间对稻谷的水分、脂肪酸值有显著影响,随着储藏温度的升高和时间的延长,水分呈上升、平稳、下降的趋势,而脂肪酸值呈增加的趋势。稻谷水分(W)和脂肪酸值(F)、储藏温度(T)、时间(D)的二元线性回归方程分别为W=-0.04411T-0.02783D+17.4809(R2=0.457271,P<0.01),F=0.432343T+0.549133D-2.99971(R2=0.91418,P<0.01)。进一步的研究表明稻谷霉菌量和脂肪酸值相关系数高达0.798521,稻谷脂肪酸值的变化主要是由霉菌引起。     

籼稻谷品质与储藏温度和时间的回归方程研究

通过模拟储藏,研究了不同温度和时间对储藏籼稻谷品质的影响.结果表明:温度越高和时间越长,储藏籼稻谷的含水量、出糙率、整精米率和发芽率下降越快,而脂肪酸值上升越快,储藏稻谷品质陈化速度越快,低温储藏有利于减缓稻谷品质的下降.方差分析表明储藏温度和时间是籼稻谷各品质变化的极显著影响因素.通过SPSS分析软件将上述这些指标(Y)与储藏温度(T)和时间(D)进行二元线性回归方程的拟合,都符合Y=aT +bD+c (P＜0.01),表明籼稻谷各项品质指标与储藏温度和时间呈显著的二元线性关系.     

优质稻谷和杂交稻谷耐储性对比试验

在常规储存条件下,以稻谷脂肪酸值上升幅度、上升平均速率和是否宜存为主要判断依据,对广西产优质稻谷和湖南产杂交稻谷进行耐储性对比试验。试验结果表明:广西产优质稻谷新粮入库第一年脂肪酸值升幅较大,在整个储藏期间脂肪酸值变化平均速率快,正常储藏年限适宜在1.5年～2年;湖南产杂交稻谷储藏期间脂肪酸值变化相对较慢,且升幅比较均匀,耐储性相对较好,储藏年限可适当延长至2.5年～3年。     

稻谷储藏期间水分和脂肪酸值变化的研究

脂肪酸值作为衡量稻谷新陈程度的一项重要指标,在稻谷的储藏和加工中都十分重要。而水分又是稻谷在储藏期间最重要的品质指标之一,同时也对脂肪酸值有着直接的影响。通过跟踪检测稻谷在储藏期间水分和脂肪酸值的变化情况,研究外因（温度、湿度）对稻谷品质变化规律的影响,对延缓粮食品质劣变,延长粮食的保质期,具有重要的指导意义。     

四种因素对晚粳稻糊化特性和脂肪酸值的影响研究

采用正交试验方法和RVA粘度测定仪,研究稻谷温度、储藏时间、稻谷含水量和磷化氢浓度四种因素对粳稻储藏期间糊化特性的影响。结果显示:温度是晚粳稻糊化特性和脂肪酸值最主要的影响因素,磷化氢对晚粳稻峰值粘度和崩解值影响显著,储藏时间和稻谷含水量对晚粳稻糊化指标影响不显著。     

中温低湿地区稻谷脂肪酸值变化规律初探

在贵州地区,新收获的稻谷储藏三年,定期对其脂肪酸值的变化情况进行检测。结果表明,随着储藏时间的延长,脂肪酸值呈现上升的趋势,并且温度越高,水分越大,上升速度越快。针对这一特点提出了相应的预防措施。     

包装材料对储藏小麦粉水分和脂肪酸值的影响研究

通过模拟储藏,研究了70%RH、18℃～20℃条件下,包装材料对小麦粉水分和脂肪酸值的影响。结果表明:不同包装材料储藏的小麦粉水分均有不同程度的下降,其中以布袋包装的小麦粉水分下降最多,脂肪酸值均呈现相似的上升趋势,但以布袋包装的储藏小麦粉脂肪酸值上升最少。方差分析表明包装材料对储藏小麦粉水分为非显著影响因素,对脂肪酸值的影响为极显著影响因素。进一步的分析表明不同包装材料储藏小麦粉的脂肪酸值与储藏时间呈不同的线性关系;脂肪酸值与水分和储藏时间均呈二元线性关系。同时通过对不同包装材料储藏小麦粉水分和脂肪酸值平均变化率的比较,布袋为最适合小麦粉储藏的包装方式。     

籼稻谷带菌量与储藏温度和时间回归方程的研究

通过模拟储藏,研究了温度和时间对储藏籼稻谷水分、细菌量和霉菌量的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和时间的延长,符合安全水分的稻谷含水量下降,在15℃、20℃时,细菌量和霉菌量基本维持原来水平,储藏200 d后,稻谷的色泽、气味正常,无霉变、生虫现象,而当储藏温度超过25℃时,细菌量和霉菌量下降,但储藏200 d后,稻谷的色泽、气味不正常,并出现生虫现象,因此低温储藏有利于稻谷水分的保持和延缓细菌和霉菌的生长,减少数量和霉变损失.方差分析和回归方程的拟合表明温度和时间是储藏稻谷细菌量或霉菌量变化的极显著影响因素,并且细菌量或霉菌量与储藏温度和时间呈显著的二元线性关系.     

不同储藏形式粳谷品质变化研究

试验选择15％，10％水分的粳谷，采用四种储藏温度（15℃、20℃、25℃、常温），八种储藏形式（露天散装、露天包装、仓内散装、仓内包装密闭、磷化氢低剂量1g／m3、28／m3、对照）储藏三年．试验证明，粳谷品质的变化与储藏温度、储藏年限、储藏形式有关。低温15℃、准低温20℃条件下储藏，稻谷的品质变化效慢，储藏三年后，粳谷粘度12cst，脂肪酸值17mg／100g，品尝回归评分70分．30℃常温条件下包装稻谷储藏三年后，稻谷粘度6cst，脂肪酸20mg／100g，品尝回归评分68分．散装稻谷三年后，稻谷粘度4cst左右，脂肪酸25mg／100g，品尝回归评分65分左右．根据品质指标，初步得出各种储藏模谷的安全储藏期，15℃、20℃条件较谷可以储藏3年以上，常温条件包装稻谷可以储藏2～3年，散装稻谷可以储藏1．5～2年。     

相对真空度和干燥温度对稻谷间歇干燥品质的影响

通过对初始水分为20.13%的稻谷进行间歇干燥试验,研究不同相对真空度以及不同干燥温度对稻谷干燥后品质的影响,测定干燥后稻谷爆腰率、脂肪酸值以及直链淀粉含量的变化,并对其进行相关性分析。试验结果表明:随着相对真空度的增加,稻谷的爆腰率小幅上升,脂肪酸值随之增加。随着干燥温度的增加,稻谷的爆腰增率、脂肪酸值以及直链淀粉含量也随之增加。相关性分析表明:稻谷的爆腰增率与脂肪酸值以及直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关性,脂肪酸值与直链淀粉含量没有显著的相关性。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.