应用纤维素酶曲喂兔的试验

利用绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)EA867菌株和木零_(10)菌株制成的纤维素酶曲作为家兔饲料添加剂,用72只兔分两批进行饲喂试验,试验期92天。试验结果:添加EA867纤曲组比其对照组体重增加25·58％,添加木霉_(10)纤曲组比其对照组体重增加20.23％,两组差异性均显著(P<0.01)。试验结束时,每组各选6只兔(接近平均体重,公母各3只)剖俭,测定胴体,EA867组比对照组增重21.77％,木霉_(10)组比其对照组增重20.55％,皆与活体增重率接近;病理组织学检查,各脏器均未见明显变化,兔体盲肠内容物总酸度测定,两组的酸度均比各自对照组有不同程度的增加(分别为0.3及0.11)。     

纤维素酶曲喂兔试验

兽医大学兽医研究所用等量青草粉与麸皮加入绿色木霉EA_(867)菌株或木霉10菌株制成纤维素酶曲,添加到家兔日粮饲喂试验的结果:添加绿色木霉EA_(867)纤曲组的兔体重比对照组增加25.58％;添加木霉10纤曲组比对照组体重增加20.23％。试验与对照组差异显著(P<0.01)。增重原因,可能为纤维素酶促进兔体内纤维素     

饲粮中添加不同益生菌对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、回肠黏膜免疫指标和盲肠发酵指标的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同益生菌对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、回肠黏膜免疫指标和盲肠发酵指标的影响,为益生菌在肉兔生产中应用提供理论参考。选用28日龄断奶、体重相近、健康状况良好的商品伊拉肉兔400只,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加108CFU/kg植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantbacillus plantarum)、戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)和丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)。预试期7 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加不同益生菌对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能和内脏器官发育指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮中添加不同益生菌有降低肉兔腹泻率的趋势(P=0.0595),有提高肉兔成活率的趋势(P=0.0603)。2)各试验组的空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),丁酸梭菌组的空肠隐窝深度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)试验组的回肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组的回肠肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)试验组的盲肠内容物pH显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组的盲肠内容物乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),丁酸梭菌组的盲肠内容物氨态氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加不同益生菌均能够改善肠道形态结构,改变盲肠内容物挥发性脂肪酸组成,提高机体肠道黏膜免疫性能,对维持肉兔肠道健康具有一定促进作用。综合本试验结果,丁酸梭菌对维持肉兔肠道形态结构效果较好。     

摘要集锦

福建农业大学李国平、周伦江等将24只1日龄海兰褐色蛋鸡雄性雏鸡随机平均分成2组,即试验组(12只)和对照组(12只),在试验组的日粮中添加复合菌制剂。经过42天的试验,结果表明:(1)盲肠和回肠内容物的pH值,试验组(6.022±0.3784,5.135±0.3355)都极显著低于对照组(6.664±0.1926,6.079±0.3729)(P<0.01)。(2)每克盲肠内容物大肠杆菌数(LgN),试验组(8.224±0.1969)与对照组(8.53±0.3314)比较差异极显著(P     

Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Urea Affects Digestion and Metabolism of Meat Rabbits

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮中添加尿素对肉兔消化代谢的影响.采用单因子随机区组试验设计,选择90只50日龄体重相近的健康新西兰兔,随机分为3组,1个对照组和2个试验组,每组15个重复,每个重复2只.对照组饲喂粗蛋白质含量为11.11％的基础饲粮,2个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中以糊化淀粉缓释尿素的方式添加1％、2％和3％尿素的试验饲粮.预试期为10 d,正试期为30 d.正试期的第13～18天收集试验兔排出的全部粪便和尿液.结果表明:与对照组相比,1％尿素组试验兔的有机物表观消化率、总能表观消化率及利用率、沉积氮、氮利用率和消化氮利用率显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而2％尿素组试验兔的消化能、代谢能、沉积氮、氮利用率和消化氮利用率显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).对照组试验兔盲肠内容物脲酶活性和微生物蛋白浓度显著或极显著低于其余2组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而2％尿素组试验兔盲肠内容物氨氮和尿素氮浓度显著或极显著高于其余2组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).由此得出,低蛋白质饲粮中添加1％尿素可改善肉兔有机物、总能和氮的利用效率,提高盲肠内容物脲酶活性和微生物蛋白浓度;添加2％尿素则会降低肉兔氮的利用效率,提高盲肠内容物脲酶活性及微生物蛋白、氨氮和尿素氮浓度.     

灭活植物乳杆菌培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、盲肠菌群及血清生化指标的影响

本试验通过探讨不同剂量灭活的植物乳杆菌培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、盲肠主要微生物和血清生化指标的影响,旨在确定其应用于肉仔鸡的最适剂量。将体质量相近、健康的1日龄(d)AA商品肉仔鸡300只,采用完全随机分组试验设计,随机分5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,A、B、C、D组分别在基础日粮基础上添加0.8‰,1.6‰,3.2‰和6.4‰的灭活植物乳杆菌培养物,21和42d分别进行屠宰试验。结果表明:1~21d,D组的平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)显著高于对照组(P0.05),C和D组盲肠内大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P0.05),B组盲肠内双歧杆菌的数量显著高于对照组(P0.05);22~42d,B组ADG、血清白蛋白(ALB)显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验组显著降低盲肠内大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量(P0.05),B组双歧杆菌的数量显著(P0.05)高于对照组;1~42d,与对照组相比,B组肉仔鸡ADG显著提高(P0.05)。综上所述在本试验条件下,1.6‰的灭活植物乳杆菌培养物对肉仔鸡的生长性能、盲肠双歧杆菌和血清生化指标的促进效果最佳。     

丁酸梭菌对滇陆猪断奶仔猪日增重、血清生化免疫和肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在研究探讨丁酸梭菌添加对断奶仔猪日增重、血清免疫和肠道菌群的影响。试验选用144头21日龄断奶的滇陆猪,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复24头猪。分别饲喂基础日粮(D)、添加丁酸梭菌为105个/g的基础日粮(S)。试验结果表明:(1)在断奶后0～14日龄试验组平均日增重高于对照组,试验组料重比低于对照组,差异并不显著;(2)断奶0日龄,试验组(S)补体C3水平显著高于对照组(P 0.05),C4水平差异不明显,断奶14日龄,血清中C3、C4、IgA、IgG、IgM水平高于对照组(D),但差异并不明显(P 0.05);(3)断奶0～14日龄试验组(S)盲肠大肠杆菌数量低于对照组(P 0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量高于对照组(P 0.05);(4)断奶14日龄,盲肠内容物中氨氮的含量低于对照组(P 0.05)。     

太子参茎叶多糖对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、肠黏膜形态结构及盲肠内容物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加太子参茎叶多糖对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、肠黏膜形态结构和盲肠内容物菌群的影响。选取25日龄断奶的"大白×长白"二元杂交仔猪120头,按体重相近原则随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加500(0.05%多糖组)、1 000(0.10%多糖组)和1 500 mg/kg(0.15%多糖组)太子参茎叶多糖。试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组十二指肠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量均显著升高(P0.05),0.10%多糖组十二指肠干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著升高(P0.05),0.10%和0.15%多糖组回肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量均显著升高(P0.05);0.10%和0.15%多糖组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著或极显著增加(P0.05或P0.01),十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值显著增加(P0.05);0.15%多糖组回肠绒毛高度显著增加(P0.05);各试验组盲肠内容物中的大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加太子参茎叶多糖能够提高断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能,增加小肠绒毛高度和V/C值,调节盲肠内容物菌群结构,维持肠道微生态平衡;其适宜添加量为0.10%。     

芬氏纤维微菌对雏鸭盲肠微生物的影响

为研究芬氏纤维微菌(Cellulosimicrobium funkei)对雏鸭盲肠微生物菌群的影响以及该菌对AFB_1暴露雏鸭盲肠微生物菌群的影响。选取100只健康、体重相近的1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为5个组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只雏鸭。每组均饲喂标准日粮,对照组经口灌服1 ml无菌LB培养基,每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃14 d;试验组1灌服1 ml C.funkei菌液(1×108cfu/ml),每天灌胃1次;试验组2灌服1 ml C.funkei菌液(1×10~(10)cfu/ml),每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃7 d,第8 d停止灌服菌液,只灌服1 ml无菌LB培养基;试验组3按照0.1 mg/(kg·BW)的量灌服AFB_1溶液+1 ml无菌LB培养基,每天灌胃1次;试验组4按照0.1 mg/(kg·BW)的量灌服AFB_1溶液+1 ml C.funkei菌液(1×108cfu/ml),每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃14 d。预饲期3 d,试验期14 d。结果表明,给雏鸭灌服低剂量C.funkei菌液可有效降低雏鸭盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌的数量,对乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量无影响,灌服高剂量C.funkei菌液使雏鸭盲肠内容物中总需氧菌和总厌氧菌数量显著升高。灌服AFB_1的雏鸭盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌的数量显著升高,乳酸菌数量显著降低,而对AFB_1暴露雏鸭灌服芬式纤维微菌,可显著降低大肠杆菌和总需氧菌的数量,在一定程度上改善了盲肠微生物区系。     

饲粮不同比例生姜秸秆替代花生秧对莱芜黑兔胃肠道发育、盲肠发酵和盲肠微生物区系的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同比例生姜秸秆替代花生秧对莱芜黑兔胃肠道发育、小肠组织形态结构、盲肠发酵和盲肠内容物微生物区系的影响。试验选取45日龄育肥期莱芜黑兔160只,随机分为4组,分别饲喂以生姜秸秆替代0(A组)、5%(B组)、10%(C组)和15%(D组)花生秧的全价配合饲料,每组5个重复,每个重复8只家兔。预试期7 d,正试期47 d。结果表明:1)饲粮不同比例生姜秸秆替代花生秧对莱芜黑兔胃相对重量、胃内容物相对重量和大肠内容物相对重量有显著影响(P 0.05),其中C组和D组的胃相对重量显著高于A组和B组(P 0.05),D组胃内容物相对重量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),B组、C组和D组大肠内容物相对重量显著高于A组(P0.05)。2)饲粮不同比例生姜秸秆替代花生秧对莱芜黑兔小肠肌层厚度有显著影响(P0.05),D组显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。3)饲粮不同比例生姜秸秆替代花生秧对莱芜黑兔盲肠内容物中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量以及乙酸/(丙酸+丁酸)有显著影响(P 0.05),其中D组乙酸含量以及乙酸/(丙酸+丁酸)显著高于其他各组(P0.05),丙酸和丁酸含量显著低于A组和B组(P0.05)。4)莱芜黑兔盲肠内容物微生物组成在门水平上占据主导地位的主要有厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes),Shannon指数在D组与A组之间存在显著差异(P0.05),表明高比例生姜秸秆替代花生秧能够影响盲肠内容物微生物区系。综上所述,饲粮适宜比例(5%～10%)的生姜秸秆替代花生秧对莱芜黑兔的胃肠道发育、小肠组织形态结构、盲肠发酵和盲肠内容物微生物区系无明显不良影响,生姜秸秆可用作家兔粗饲料原料在生产上使用。     

Effect of diet on composition of cecal contents and on excretion and composition of soft and hard feces of rabbits

A total of 260 New Zealand White growing rabbits were used to study the effect of diet on chemical composition of cecal contents and on production and composition of soft and hard feces. Eight diets varying in their acid detergent fiber (9.8% to 32.7%) and starch (13% to 30%) levels were evaluated. The diet affected (P less than .01) all the variables studied, except dry matter (DM) and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids on cecal contents. An increase of dietary crude fiber increased crude fiber level in cecal contents (from 11.58% to 26.53%). However, a relatively lower proportion of fibrous material was found in the cecal contents when rabbits were fed the more fibrous diets. This suggests that dietary fiber has a direct influence on the efficiency of particle separation in the digestive tract. Crude protein and volatile fatty acid concentrations of cecal contents decreased (from 30.14% to 19.65% and from 47.8 to 36.7 mmol/liter, respectively) when dietary crude fiber increased. This could be related to availability of energy to cecal microorganisms. Ammonia concentration of cecal contents was not affected by dietary crude fiber. Daily production of soft feces varied from 14.98 to 29.59 g DM/d, and the contribution of soft feces to total DM and to crude protein intake ranged from 10.6% to 15.0% and from 12.8% to 20.5%, respectively; these values were the smallest and the largest for the least and the most fibrous diets, respectively. From this study we conclude that dietary fiber has a major effect on the digestive processes in the rabbit and that dietary starch level has no influence on any of the variables studied.     

Cecal short-chain fatty acids in experimental rabbit mucoid enteropathy

Short-chain fatty acid concentrations were measured in the cecal contents of 9 healthy rabbits and 20 rabbits with experimentally induced mucoid enteropathy. In control rabbits, cecal concentration of acetate was the most abundant, followed by that of butyrate and propionate--a feature distinguishing rabbits from most other mammals. In mucoid enteropathy, cecal acetate and butyrate concentrations were lower, whereas propionate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate were increased. The results indicated that there were abnormal fermentation and cecal maldigestion in rabbits with mucoid enteropathy.     

Effect of fiber source on cecal fermentation and nitrogen recycled through cecotrophy in rabbits

The influence of fiber source on fiber digestion in rabbits was investigated. Six fibrous feedstuffs with wide differences in chemical composition and particle size were selected: paprika meal, olive leaves, alfalfa hay, soybean hulls, sodium hydroxide-treated barley straw, and sunflower hulls. Six diets were formulated to contain one of these ingredients as the sole source of fiber. To avoid nutrient imbalances, fiber sources were supplemented with different proportions of a fiber-free concentrate, based on soy protein isolate, wheat flour, lard, and a vitamin and mineral mix, to obtain diets containing at least 3% nitrogen and 5% starch. Daily soft feces excretion, and its NDF, and total and microbial nitrogen content were determined in 60 fattening rabbits (10 per diet). Seven days after the last cecotrophy control, the same animals were used to determine weight of stomach, cecum and their contents, and cecal fermentation traits (pH, VFA and ammonia concentrations, and buffer properties of cecal contents). Stepwise regression analysis showed a positive effect (P < .001) on soft feces excretion, total and microbial nitrogen concentrations in soft feces, cecal acidity, and total VFA in the cecum of dietary pectic constituents (2.9, 3.5, 2.5, .9, and 6.6%) and proportion of fine particles (< .315 mm) (1.8, .9, 1.3, .15, and .9%) per each increment of one percentage unit of the independent variables. Proportion of fine particles also increased weight of cecal contents (P < .001). Soft feces excretion and weight of stomach and of its contents increased (P < .001) by 5.2, 2.8, and 10.2% per each percentage unit increment of proportion of large particles (> 1.25 mm). Degree of lignification of NDF decreased total nitrogen concentration in soft feces and cecal VFA concentration (P < .001). Source of fiber affected cecal pH not only by its influence on the cecal concentrations of the final products of fermentation, but also through its effect on the pH of dry cecal contents (P < .001). The latter was negatively correlated with dietary proportion of fine particles, degree of lignification of NDF, and base-buffering capacity of dry cecal contents (r = -.52, -.37, and -.49, respectively). From these results, we conclude that pectic constituent concentration, degree of lignification of NDF, and particle size are the variables that best characterize the influence of the source of fiber on soft feces excretion and cecal fermentation traits in rabbits.     

不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响。试验选用200只健康、体重接近的断奶福建黄兔,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。4组分别饲喂由添加比例为25%的苜蓿草粉、甜菜渣、燕麦草、大麦糠为纤维饲料原料配制而成的饲粮。试验期为60 d,于试验第54天以全收粪法进行消化试验,屠宰后测定十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及二者比值,盲肠纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶活性。结果表明：①苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、不溶性纤维（IDF）、可溶性纤维（SDF）的消化率均极显著高于大麦糠与燕麦草组（P<0.01）。其中,甜菜渣组不溶性纤维、可溶性纤维的消化率最高,与苜蓿草粉组差异显著（P<0.05）。②苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的绒毛高度极显著高于大麦糠组（P<0.01）,但显著低于燕麦草组（P<0.05）,隐窝深度显著低于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.05）,其中甜菜渣组隐窝深度最低。甜菜渣组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）最高,极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）。③苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组盲肠3种纤维消化酶活性均极显著高于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.01）,其中甜菜渣组的3种酶活均极显著高于苜蓿草粉组（P<0.01）。综上所述,对比4种纤维饲粮,在饲粮配方中添加25%的甜菜渣能提高肉兔的表观消化率与盲肠纤维消化酶活性,并能改善十二指肠组织形态。     

Effect of inclusion of defatted grape seed meal in the diet on digestion and performance of growing rabbits

The digestion and nutritive value of defatted grape seed meal (DGSM) was investigated. A basal diet was formulated to meet requirements of growing rabbits. Another diet was formulated by substituting 15.2% of the basal diet with DGSM. Two hundred eight weaned 30-d-old rabbits were fed these diets, and fattening performance was recorded. Eighty animals were used to study the effect of DGSM inclusion on cecal fermentation traits and intestinal disaccharidase activity at two ages (5 and 35 d after weaning). Fecal apparent digestibility of nutrients was measured in 18 rabbits. A third diet was formulated to contain DGSM (61.3%) as the sole source of fiber and a supplement consisting of wheat flour, casein, lard, and a mixture of vitamins and minerals to avoid nutrient imbalances. This semipurified diet was used to determine cecal digestion traits, disaccharidase activity in the small intestine, fecal apparent digestibility of nutrients, and rate of passage in 70-d-old rabbits. Digestible energy and NDF and CP digestibilities of DGSM calculated by difference were 5.51 +/- 0.89 MJ/kg DM, 24.5 +/- 5.76%, and 46.8 +/- 14.9%, respectively. Inclusion of 15% of DGSM in the basal diet increased ADFI in finishing rabbits (from 9 to 15%; P < 0.05), so that DE intake increased although dietary DE concentration decreased. As a consequence, ADG increased by 3.3% in the whole fattening period (P = 0.046). The increase in ADFI was parallel to an 8% decrease in the weight of cecal contents (P = 0.059), and it was in agreement with the relatively short cecal mean retention time of DGSM (7.61 h) in the semipurified diet. Inclusion of 15% of DGSM in the basal diet did not affect (P > or = 0.20) mortality (10.1%) or cecal concentrations of VFA, NH3 N, or cecal pH either at 5 d (71.9 mM, 17.7 mM, and 5.75, respectively) or at 35 d after weaning (74.6 mM, 10.1 mM, and 5.66, respectively) but improved the sucrase activity in the ileum by 36% (P = 0.031). Digestibility of NDF of DGSM in the semipurified diet was 8.57%, which agrees with the low acidity and weight of cecal contents of animals fed this diet (6.26 and 3.63% BW, respectively). From these results, we conclude that DGSM has a relatively high DE concentration and its inclusion at moderate levels (15%) in the diet exerts a positive effect on ADFI, DE intake, and ADG with no impairment of cecal fermentation and mortality.     

饲粮纤维源及粗纤维水平对肉兔营养物质消化率、肠道消化酶活性及盲肠菌群多样性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮纤维源及粗纤维(CF)水平对肉兔营养物质消化率、肠道消化酶活性及盲肠菌群多样性的影响。试验采用双因子试验设计,依据等能等氮原则,设2种纤维源(苜蓿草粉、稻壳粉)、3个CF水平(12%、14%、16%),共配制6种试验饲粮。选择144只70~80日龄、平均体重(2 002±77)g的健康伊拉生长肉兔,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只兔,单笼饲养。饲养试验为期4周,饲养试验期末,采用全收粪法进行消化试验,之后进行屠宰,取肠道食糜用于消化酶活性及盲肠菌群多样性的测定。结果表明:1)苜蓿草粉组干物质(DM)、CF、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、木质素(ADL)的消化率显著或极显著高于稻壳粉组(P0.05或P0.01),粗蛋白质(CP)消化率则极显著低于稻壳粉组(P0.01);12%CF水平组DM、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、ADF的消化率显著高于14%CF水平组(P0.05),同时该组能量的消化率及表观消化能(ADE)极显著高于14%、16%CF水平组(P0.01)。2)稻壳粉组十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于苜蓿草粉组(P0.01)。与14%、16%CF水平组相比,12%CF水平组的空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性及盲肠纤维素酶活性均最低。3)纤维源对盲肠菌群丰富度和香农指数无显著影响(P0.05),但苜蓿草粉组的盲肠菌群均衡指数极显著高于稻壳粉组(P0.01)。CF水平对盲肠菌群丰富度和香农指数有显著影响(P0.05),其中16%CF水平组的数值均为最高。综上所述,在本试验条件下:1)苜蓿草粉组肉兔DM、CF、ADF、ADL的消化率及盲肠菌群均衡指数显著或极显著高于稻壳粉组,但十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著低于稻壳粉组。2)饲粮CF水平为12%时肉兔的ADE和各主要营养物质的消化率最高;CF水平越高,肉兔空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性和盲肠纤维素酶活性越高;饲粮CF水平为16%时肉兔盲肠菌群的多样性较高。     

德州驴盲结肠食糜液中纤维降解酶活性与挥发性脂肪酸含量的比较分析

本试验旨在比较分析德州驴盲结肠食糜液中纤维降解酶活性以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的含量.采集9头德州驴的盲肠、腹结肠和背结肠食糜液样品,经4层纱布过滤后,通过分光光度计法测定羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)、微晶纤维素酶(AVI)、木聚糖纤维素酶(Xlyse)、阿魏酸酯酶(FAE)和乙酰酯酶(AE)活性,此外,使用气相色谱...     

添加不同酶制剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨添加不同酶制剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质的影响,以蜡熟期刈割的全株玉米为材料,设对照组和6个处理组,处理组分别添加5 g/kg纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶,每组3个重复,青贮56 d后对全株玉米青贮饲料的感官评定、发酵品质、营养成分进行比较分析。结果显示:纤维素酶组、木聚糖酶组和β-葡聚糖酶组全株玉米青贮饲料的青贮效果较好;与对照组相比,纤维素酶组、木聚糖酶组和β-葡聚糖酶组可显著提高青贮饲料碳水化合物(WSC)和乳酸的含量(P>0.05),同时使青贮氨态氮/总氮显著降低(P<0.05),青贮发酵品质较好;添加纤维素酶的全株玉米青贮中干物质(DM)含量高于对照组和其他处理组,添加纤维素酶和α-半乳糖苷酶处理的粗蛋白质(CP)含量较高;添加纤维素酶的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和β-葡聚糖酶组青贮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、ADF均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上表明:纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶更适于用作全株玉米青贮饲料的添加剂。     

不同添加剂对陇东紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响

生物添加剂在促进牧草青贮发酵过程中有益菌和酶的活性、提高消化率和改善发酵品质等方面发挥着重要作用。本研究以初花期刈割的第1茬陇东紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为原料,分析不同添加剂(甲酸、蔗糖、EM菌液和纤维素酶)对青贮发酵品质的影响。结果表明,4种添加剂处理组苜蓿青贮饲料感官评定得分均高于无添加剂对照组,pH、乙酸和氨态氮(NH₃-N)/总氮(TN)含量均显著(P<0.05)低于对照组,乳酸含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,且未检测到丁酸和丙酸。4种添加剂处理组的粗蛋白质含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著(P<0.05)低于对照组。蔗糖组、EM菌液组和纤维素酶组的中性洗涤纤维含量均显著(P<0.05)低于甲酸组和对照组。粗灰分含量各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。4种添加剂处理组的有氧稳定性均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组。上述结果说明,4种添加剂都可以提高陇东紫花苜蓿青贮的发酵品质、营养价值,延长有氧稳定性。但以纤维素酶组pH、乙酸和NH₃-N/TN含量最低,乳酸含量最高,青贮发酵品质最佳,建议在生产实践中大量推广应用。     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.