试验性羊泰勒虫病的病理学观察

对用羊泰勒虫单一种人工感染的试验羊进行了病理学观察。结果显示，试验羊的可视黏膜苍白，皮下脂肪胶样水肿，全身淋巴结、心、肝、脾、肺和肾均有不同程度肿胀；实质器官组织变化的主要特征为明显的增生和巨细胞结节形成；淋巴结的窦内皮与网状细胞明显增生，甚至形成团块和条索；淋巴与网状内皮细胞中可见到裂殖体；脾还可见到坏死结节；肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞和间质细胞也明显增生；肝窦内皮的增生特别明显，甚至形成细胞条索；与淋巴结、脾、肾一样，肝小叶内同样有巨细胞结节形成，在上述巨细胞结节中均可在细胞浆中发现裂殖体；大脑中主要表现血管内皮与小胶质细胞增生。     

甘肃省羊泰勒虫媒介蜱的传播试验

用采自羊泰勒虫病疫区甘肃省永靖且的麻点璃眼蜱饥饿成虫叮咬健康羊体，试验羊体内未发现羊泰勒虫；用其饱血雌虫孵化的幼虫叮咬羊泰勒虫感染羊，收集饱血若虫，再用其饥饿成虫叮咬健康羊体，被叮咬羊体内也未查出羊泰勒虫，证明麻点璃眼蜱不传播羊泰勒虫。用采自羊泰勒虫病疫区张家川和永靖县的青海血蜱经人工孵化的幼虫叮咬羊泰勒虫自然感染羊，收集饱血幼虫蜕皮后，用其若虫叮咬健康羊，40d后在被叮咬羊血片中发现羊泰勒虫，但未显示明显的临床症状。用采自羊泰勒虫病疫区羊体的青海血蜱成虫、若虫、幼虫同时叮咬健康羊，18d时在试验羊体内发现羊泰勒虫，试验羊表现贫血、黄疸、稽留热、肩前淋巴结肿大等特征性症状，出现心包积液，肝、脾、肾肿胀及出血的典型病理变化。由此确定，甘肃省的羊泰勒虫是由青海血蜱传播的。     

一例羊鼻蝇蛆病的报告

2003年6月15日，沈阳市于洪区一个体养羊户，送检病羊1只、病死羊1只，我们经过临床症状观察、尸体剖检、实验室诊断为羊鼻蝇蛆病亦称羊狂蝇蛆病。相继又有二起羊鼻蝇蛆感染的病例发生。     

一起山羊内外寄生虫混合感染的诊治

羊球虫是寄生于羊小肠内的一种原虫，可引起感染羊腹泻，主要危害羔羊，多发生于春、夏、秋3季。羊螨病则是一种外寄生虫病，主要通过接触感染，可引起羊只剧烈搔痒，引发皮肤炎症，导致患羊脱毛、生长发育不良、贫血、消瘦，多发生于春、秋、冬3季。笔者在工作中遇到一起山羊同时感染球虫和疥螨的病例，现介绍如下。     

怎样诊治羊口疮

1病因 羊口疮又叫“羊传染性脓疱”，是一种由病毒引起的羊的传染病。羊口疮多于春秋两季，群发于3～6月龄羊．成年羊也能感染，但发病较少．呈散发性流行，病羊和带毒羊是主要的传染源。     

羊口疮的预防手段及治疗措施

羊口疮的危害不大，但通常会伴有感染和并发症，可严重危害羊的健康，养殖户必须重视羊口疮的预防及治疗。主要分四大部分论述羊口疮的预防手段及治疗措施，第一部分是重点介绍羊口疮的症状表现，指出羊口疮是一种急性且接触性的传染病；第二部分是分析羊口疮的鉴别诊断方法及要点；第三部分是提出羊口疮的预防手段，共有三点，即严格检疫程序、加强饲养管理、及时接种疫苗；第四部分是阐述羊口疮的治疗措施，指出应给病羊实施隔离治疗。     

舍饲羊群溶血性链球菌感染的诊治

１临床症状病羊不见任何症状即突然死亡。病程稍长的体温升高到４１℃以上，病羊精神不振，放牧时离群落队，全身症状明显，起卧频繁，呼吸困难（５０～６０次／min），心率增快（１１０～１６０次／min）。食欲减退或废绝，反刍停止。咽喉肿胀，颌下淋巴结肿大，有的舌体肿大。眼结膜充血、眼流泪，眼部有脓性分泌物，鼻孔流出浆液性、脓性分泌物，口流涎水，并混有泡沫。部分病例眼睑、面颊、口唇、乳房部位肿胀。部分怀孕母羊流产。病羊粪便变软，有时排带黏液和血液的粪便，最后卧地不起，病程一般２～５d。病羊死前出现磨牙、抽搐、惊…     

山西黄土高原地区羊鼻蝇蛆病流行病学调查和病理学观察

通过对山西黄土高原区域羊鼻蝇蛆感染情况调查和病理学研究,以明确该地区羊鼻蝇蛆的感染率和该病的病理变化。春秋两个季节对羊鼻蝇蛆感染情况进行调查,对307例绵羊进行羊头剖检,检查羊鼻蝇蛆病的各龄幼虫感染情况,同时观察病理变化,并采取感染羊的鼻黏膜、咽后淋巴结、脑和肺组织进行病理组织学检查。春季检查157例,鼻蝇蛆感染患羊34例,感染率达22%;秋季检查150例,感染患羊70例,感染率达47%;春秋两季平均感染率为34%。病理变化主要表现为:鼻黏膜出现不同损伤和增生性炎,咽后淋巴结炎性细胞浸润,有的病例出现肺气肿,脑组织水肿。免疫组织化学染色结果表明,检出虫体的羊与未检出虫体羊比较,咽后淋巴结IgA分泌细胞和IgG分泌细胞呈增高趋势,尤其是淋巴结髓质中IgA分泌细胞和IgG分泌细胞明显增多。     

羊传染性脓疱病的防治

羊传染性脓疱病是脓疱病毒引起的羊的一种接触性传染病。其；主要特征病变是在嘴唇、口角、鼻孔周围等处的皮肤、粘模上形成丘诊、水泡、脓疱，破溃后形成疣状厚痂，故又称羊口疮。本病世界各地都有发生，凡是有羊的地方都有本病。对成年羊危害轻，对羔羊危害重。死亡率在1％-15％之间，康复发育受阻。     

中西医结合治疗羊脑包虫病

近几年,羊脑包虫病的发病几率与日俱增,其发病范围也非常广泛,大多数养羊地区都发生过该病。羊脑包虫病是指羊脑内长出类似鸡蛋大小的肿块,任何品种、任何年龄段的羊都可能被感染。该疾病在春秋两季最为多发。当多头绦虫的虫卵会随病羊粪便排出体外,病羊接触过的羊舍、食槽、饮用水都可能被寄生虫感染,若养殖户不能及时发现并隔离病羊,会引起羊舍内大片羊只的患病,增加养殖户的饲养成本。为了有效治疗该病,可采用中西医综合疗法,帮助病羊缓解病情,降低治疗成本。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.