用不同培养基生产猪多杀性巴氏杆菌活疫苗的试验研究

用马丁干粉和马丁肉汤培养基培养猪多杀性巴氏杆菌,分别生产3批猪多杀性巴氏杆菌活疫苗。结果用马丁干粉培养基生产的制苗用菌液的活菌数分别为1．80×10^10CFU／mL、1.75×10^10CFU／mL、1.80×10^10CFU／mL：冻干后的存活率分别为64％、69％、67％。用马丁肉汤培养基生产的制苗用菌液的活菌数分别为1．20×10^10CFU／mL、1．50×10^10CFU／mL、1．10×10^10CFU／mL,冻干后的存活率分别为50％、49％、54％。用两种培养基制备的疫苗按《兽用生物制品检验标准》（以下简称《标准》）检验6批疫苗均合格。     

用不同培养基生产猪多杀性巴氏杆菌活疫苗的试验研究

用马丁干粉和马丁肉汤培养基培养猪多杀性巴氏杆菌,分别生产3批猪多杀性巴氏杆菌活疫苗.结果用马丁干粉培养基生产的制苗用茵液的活菌数分别为1.80×1010 CFU/mL、1.75×1010 CFU/mL、1.80×1010 CFU/mL;冻干后的存活率分别为64%、69%、67%.用马丁内汤培养基生产的制苗用菌液的活菌数分别为1.20×1010 CFU/mL、1.50×1010 CFU/mL、1.10×1010 CFU/mL,冻干后的存活率分别为50%、49%、54%.用两种培养基制备的疫苗按<兽用生物制品检验标准>(以下简称<标准>)检验6批疫苗均合格.     

猪A型多杀性巴氏杆菌培养基改良的初步探讨

采用改良猪肺疫和常规猪肺疫疫苗用两种培养基培养猪A型多杀性巴氏杆菌,对其培养液进行活菌数测定。实验结果表明,运用改良猪肺疫培养基培养,小批量与反应罐试验测得活菌数分别可达1.3×109～1.7×109CFU/mL、6.8×108～7.5×109CFU/mL;运用常规猪肺疫培养基培养,小批量与反应罐试验测得活菌数分别可达8.0×108～1.0×109CFU/mL、3.5×109～3.7×109CFU/mL,可选择改良猪肺疫培养基替代常规猪肺疫培养基培养,用于制备A型猪多杀性巴氏杆菌病疫苗。     

分段补料法生产猪多杀性巴氏杆菌病活疫苗(EO630株)的试验研究

为了改进猪多杀性巴氏杆菌病（亦称猪肺疫）活疫苗抗原制备工艺,提高生产效率和产品质量,本试验使用分段补料发酵工艺制备猪多杀性巴氏杆菌病活疫苗（EO630株）抗原,培养第12~13小时,EO630株的活菌数达到高峰期,最高活菌数可达1.31×1010CFU/ml。按分段补料法共生产抗原5批,培养12小时后收获抗原,平均活菌数为1.17×1010CFU/ml,进行配苗和冻干疫苗5批,冻干后的平均存活率为69%。进行安全和效力检验,均合格,达到预期效果。与传统方法相比,该方法培养的活菌数有大幅度的增长,优势明显。     

一例猪巴氏杆菌病的诊断及体外抑菌试验

为了确诊某猪场患病猪的病原菌,找到防控办法,对死亡猪肺脏、气管液进行细菌分离鉴定,经过生化试验、药敏试验、体外抑菌试验、动物试验等,得知:分离菌培养特性、生化反应特性与巴氏杆菌基本一致;分离菌高敏药物为头孢氨苄、头孢曲松等,低敏药物为青霉素G、林可霉素等;乳酸菌对巴氏杆菌有明显的抑菌作用;攻毒小白鼠48 h内全部死亡。结论:分离菌为多杀性巴氏杆菌,该病为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的猪巴氏杆菌病,乳酸菌配合高敏药物能防治该病。     

猪巴氏杆菌病的诊断与治疗

猪巴氏杆菌病,又称猪肺疫,是由巴氏杆菌引起的急性传染病。一般认为猪肺疫有两种类型,即流行性和散发性,多杀性巴氏杆菌有A、B等多种菌型,前者多由多杀性巴氏杆菌中的B型菌引起,呈急性败血性病程,死亡率达100%,以咽喉部病变为主。后者是由A型或D型多杀性巴氏杆菌引起,多呈急性病程,也有慢性的,以肺部病变为主。     

合成马丁汤培养基中添加葡萄糖对猪肺疫巴氏杆菌培养菌数影响试验

为使猪肺疫巴氏杆菌在合成马丁汤培养基在生产中培养效果更为理想,通过对自行配制的合成培养基添加适量葡萄糖的并对含量进行适当调整,以提高巴氏杆菌培养后菌数,并在大规模生产中能够在一定范围内实现菌数可控,降低批与批之间的菌数差异,从而稳定猪肺活疫苗生产。在不改变其他培养基成分的前提下通过添加不同含量的葡萄糖进行发酵培养对比试验,同时设传统的马丁汤培养基作对照,结果表明增菌效果明显。     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的诊断技术

猪呼吸道综合征(PRDC)已成为影响养猪业的重要群发性疾病之一。猪多杀性巴氏杆菌是猪呼吸道综合征(PRDC)的重要原发感染菌或继发原菌。因此,其诊断技术越来越受到世界各国的重视。对多杀性巴氏杆菌的诊断技术的重要性突显出来。现将猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的诊断综述如下。     

鸡多杀性巴氏杆菌的培养选择

选用自制的吉林Ⅱ号液体培养基培养鸡多杀性巴氏杆菌,其活菌数可达18.6×10~9/毫升。培养四批次,共生产24,500毫升菌液用于鸡霍乱的气雾免疫,证明是一种较好的培养基,可用于鸡霍乱菌苗的生产。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立可以同时检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速而可靠的PCR检测方法。方法和结果根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的Apx-VIA基因序列、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的16SrRNA基因序列设计5条引物。猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌模板的PCR扩增产物大小分别为342bp,485bp和1258bp。复合PCR对1～12型猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌标准株,6株多杀性巴氏杆菌标准株,1～15型副猪嗜血杆菌以及25株经生化鉴定确认为上述三种细菌的分离株的基因组DNA作为模板进行检测,均获得预期大小的扩增产物。以猪放线杆菌、吲哚放线杆菌等14种常见细菌作为阴性对照进行PCR检测,结果仅有支气管败血波氏杆菌产生了可以和上述三个特异性条带明显区分的PCR产物。复合PCR针对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的敏感性分别为14pg、34pg和37pg。结论本研究建立的复合PCR特异性好,敏感性高,可以用于猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速检测。     

Reproduction of severe gastroesophageal ulcers (GEU) in gnotobiotic swine infected with porcine Helicobacter pylori-like bacteria

Groups of gnotobiotic piglets were orally inoculated at 3 days of age with either Helicobacter heilmannii (Hh) or a newly described porcine-origin gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-like bacterium. Three Hh-infected and 6 porcine Hp-like-infected swine were fed a milk replacement diet containing 5-10% (v/v) sterile corn syrup as a dietary source of fermentable carbohydrate. None of the piglets infected with Hh and supplemented with corn syrup developed gastric mucosal ulcers; 2 developed small erosive lesions in the pars esophagea. In contrast, all 6 dietary carbohydrate-supplemented Hp-like-infected swine developed severe gastroesophageal ulcers; 1 of these ex-sanguinated into the stomach and died before the end of the experiment. Four of these 6 piglets had grossly evident partially digested blood in the intestinal lumens, indicative of bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach. These data suggest that a high carbohydrate diet and gastric colonization by porcine Hp-like bacteria facilitate development of clinically significant gastroesophageal ulcers.     

Experimental induction of bacterial gastritis and gastric ulcer disease in gnotobiotic swine inoculated with porcine Helicobacter-like species

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether 2 isolates of recently isolated swine-origin Helicobacter pylori-like bacteria are pathogenic in pigs and compare the signs of gastric disease induced by these isolates with those detected in H pylori- and Helicobacter heilmannii-infected pigs. ANIMALS: 36 neonatal gnotobiotic pigs. PROCEDURE: Groups of separately housed pigs were inoculated orally with swine-origin Helicobacter-like isolates 2662 or 1268, H pylori (human gastric pathogen), or a gastric homogenate from gnotobiotic swine containing H heilmannii. Noninoculated pigs were used as control animals. Clinical signs and development of homologous and heterologous antibodies against Helicobacter organisms were assessed. After euthanasia, gastric tissues were examined grossly and microscopically; Helicobacter organisms were detected by use of Warthin-Starry and immunohistochemical stains. RESULTS: Both porcine Helicobacter-like isolates colonized the stomachs of swine. Isolate 2662 was highly pathogenic; in 13 isolate 2662-inoculated pigs, gastroesophageal ulcerations developed in 9 and ulceration of the gastric glandular mucosa was detected in 5. Histologically, inflammatory gastritis consisting of multifocal to diffuse lymphocytic and plasmacytic cellular infiltrates and lymphoid follicle formation in the gastric lamina propria accompanied bacterial colonization of the gastric compartment. In contrast, H heilmannii was minimally pathogenic in that only modest inflammatory cell infiltrates were seen. Gastroesophageal or mucosal ulcers were not evident in pigs inoculated with H heilmannii. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data indicate that swine-origin H pylori-like bacteria can be pathogenic in pigs and suggest that porcine gastric disease may be mediated, in part, by colonization of the stomach by swine-origin H pylori-like bacteria.     

猪锚蛋白重复序列和SOCS盒蛋白基因4与生长因子受体结合蛋白基因10的克隆及印迹状态分析

本试验采用单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)直接测序法检测猪锚蛋白重复序列和SOCS盒蛋白基因4(ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing protein 4,Asb4)与生长因子受体结合蛋白基因10(growth factor receptor-bound protein 10,Grb10)在不同组织器官中的印迹状态。首先,克隆得到了1350 bp的Asb4基因cDNA序列及1811 bp的Grb10基因cDNA序列,然后进行了SNP直接测序法检测。结果发现,Asb4在1月龄仔猪所有检测组织器官中均为双等位基因表达,而Grb10在1月龄仔猪的舌、肾脏、胃、小肠和脑中为父源等位基因表达,在其他组织器官中为双等位基因表达。实时定量PCR结果表明,Grb10在10种组织器官中的表达量存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中在肺脏组织中的表达量最高,在小肠和脑中表达量最低。上述结果表明,Grb10可能是猪父源表达的印迹基因,而Asb4则属于猪非印迹基因。     

The interferon sensitivity of selected porcine viruses.

The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of 11 porcine viruses to the antiviral effects of porcine interferon-alpha in serum from piglets which had been infected 19 h previously with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and of porcine interferon-beta prepared in PK-15 cells by induction with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, in yield reduction assays in pig kidney cells which were treated with interferon before virus challenge, and both before and after virus challenge. The most sensitive virus to both types of interferon was vesicular stomatitis. A porcine isolate of bovine herpesvirus type 1, hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and porcine enterovirus types 1 and 2 were also highly sensitive to interferon-alpha. There was little reduction in the yield of porcine parvovirus or porcine rotavirus, while swinepox, swine influenza and transmissible gastroenteritis viruses were intermediate in their sensitivity to interferon-alpha. In addition to vesicular stomatitis virus, porcine adenovirus type 3, swine influenza, hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis and porcine rotavirus were highly sensitive to interferon-beta, while swinepox, bovine herpesvirus type 1, porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine enteroviruses were less sensitive than the above viruses to interferon-beta, although all showed significant reductions in virus yield.     

Complement resistance in Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae infection of swine

The possible role of the complement-mediated bactericidal system in protection of swine against contagious pleuropneumonia was investigated. Strains of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae representing serotypes 2, 3 and 5 were found to be fully resistant to the bactericidal action of porcine serum from precolostral, clinically normal adult, and chronically infected pigs. All strains were also resistant to hyperimmune rabbit serum, but 3 of 4 strains were sensitive to normal human serum. This bactericidal effect was lost when human serum was previously absorbed with the homologous bacteria, indicating that antibody was necessary for killing. Addition of human serum to porcine serum or to absorbed human serum did not restore the bactericidal system. Pretreatment of the bacteria with undiluted heat-treated human serum also failed to sensitize the bacteria to the absorbed serum, indicating that a heat-labile, absorbable factor may have been required for killing of A pleuropneumoniae. None of the strains was sensitized to porcine serum by sublethal treatment with polymyxin B, a treatment that is known to disrupt the integrity of the outer membrane and induce serum sensitivity in gram-negative bacteria. The ability of A pleuropneumoniae to resist complement killing in vitro may reflect a virulence mechanism in vivo that assists bacteria in avoiding the pulmonary defenses of swine and promotes bacterial invasion of the lungs.     

CRISPR/Cas9技术在猪常见病毒性疾病防控中的应用

CRISPR/Cas系统是一种存在于古生菌和细菌中重要的适应性免疫系统,CRISPR/Cas9技术可以实现对特定基因序列进行编辑,目前已经成为应用最广泛的基因编辑工具,利用其可以实现对病毒进行基因改造或解析宿主与病毒相互作用,优化疫苗生产和抗病毒动物分子育种等。猪作为我国最重要的食品动物,在国民经济和社会稳定中发挥着重要角色。非洲猪瘟疫情的暴发,使猪病毒性疾病成我国养猪业面临的主要问题,现总结了CRISPR/Cas9技术在猪常见病毒性疾病防控中应用,为猪病毒性疾病防控提供参考。     

猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染综合诊治

疫病一直是生猪养殖中影响猪群健康的重要因素,受到疾病影响的猪群会给养殖户带来巨大的经济损失,严重阻碍养殖业的发展。该文将简要概述猪丹毒和猪肺疫的病理状况,分析猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染的发病特征和临床症状,并研究综合诊治猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染的方法,降低猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染对生猪养殖的影响。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、圆环病毒2型、奇异变形杆菌混合感染病例的病原学诊断

为确诊贵州省都匀市某养殖场的猪死亡病因,采集病死猪病料进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型核酸检测,细菌分离鉴定及药物敏感试验。结果:猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测和猪圆环病毒2型PCR检测核酸均为阳性,其余病毒核酸检测均为阴性。细菌分离培养表明存在细菌感染,分子生物学鉴定为奇异变形杆菌;分离菌对硫酸安普霉素、硫酸粘菌素、盐酸大观霉素+盐酸林可霉素、氟苯尼考较敏感,对多种药物产生耐药。结论:确诊病例为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、奇异变形杆菌混合感染。     

猪瘟抗体胶体金快速定量检测卡的研制

应用胶体金免疫层析技术,结合胶体金定量读数仪研制出一种快速定量检测猪血清中猪瘟抗体水平的检测卡。该检测卡以胶体金标记高灵敏的猪瘟重组E2蛋白,同时在NC膜上包被同一蛋白,经正交实验确定最适条件,同时通过与对照线的颜色对比,应用胶体金定量读数仪,可对样本中猪瘟抗体水平进行定量。该检测卡检测方法简便、快速、稳定性好。与猪圆环病毒病、猪伪狂犬病、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等常见猪疫病抗体均无交叉反应。检测71份猪血清样本结果与ELISA结果的符合率达90.1%。结果表明,实验研制的猪瘟抗体胶体金快速定量检测卡可用于基层兽医站和养殖企业的检测。