不同施肥处理的杂交狼尾草打浆后饲喂育肥猪效果研究

试验设计4个处理3个重复,开展不同施肥处理的杂交狼尾草打浆后饲喂育肥猪效果研究.4个处理为:处理Ⅰ(CK)只饲喂肥育猪的基础日粮,处理Ⅱ为基础日粮+浇灌沼液的牧草浆0.25kg/头.d,处理Ⅲ为基础日粮+浇灌沼液的牧草浆0.5kg/头.d,处理Ⅳ为基础日粮+浇灌沼液并加施尿素的牧草浆0.5kg/头.d.结果表明,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ平均日增重分别比处理Ⅰ提高了22.4g,40.4g和48.4g,料肉比分别比处理Ⅰ降低了4.62%、3.96%和7.26%,每头猪效益分别比处理Ⅰ提高了26.0元、34.3元和44.6元,猪肉氨基酸含量也比处理Ⅰ有不同程度的提高,尤其以添加增施尿素的牧草浆后,肥育猪的日增重、料肉比和经济效益都最好.     

粉末磷脂对保育仔猪生长性能的影响

选用162头平均体重为13.73±0.89kg的50日龄保育仔猪,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复18头猪。对照组饲喂安佑911日粮,并添加25kg豆油;试验组Ⅰ饲喂安佑911日粮,并添加19kg豆油、3kg粉末磷脂和3kg玉米;试验组Ⅱ饲喂安佑911日粮,并添加16kg豆油、3kg粉末磷脂和6kg玉米,试验期21d。结果表明:试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ的平均日增重高于对照组(P0.05),分别提高保育猪平均日增重10.95%和8.75%;粉末磷脂有降低保育猪料肉比的趋势(P=0.084),与对照组相比,试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ分别降低料肉比5.37%和8.72%。结论 :粉末磷脂能够提高保育仔猪的生长性能,增加经济效益。     

杂交狼尾草青贮饲喂肉猪效果研究

本试验旨在研究利用酶制剂青贮杂交狼尾草,对牧草品质和肉猪饲喂效果的影响。选用150头100日龄体重50kg杜长大三元肉猪。实验分5个处理,每个处理3次重复,每个重复10头。对照组(CK)饲喂基础日粮;处理Ⅰ饲喂基础日粮,同时饲喂添加麦麸的杂交狼尾草青贮料;处理Ⅱ饲喂基础日粮,同时饲喂添加麦麸和纤维素酶青贮的杂交狼尾草青贮料;处理Ⅲ饲喂基础日粮,同时饲喂添加麦麸和纤维素菌液青贮的杂交狼尾草青贮料;处理Ⅳ饲喂基础日粮,同时饲喂添加麦麸和乳酸菌青贮的杂交狼尾草青贮料。结果表明,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ与CK相比平均日增重差异不显著(P0.05),但平均日增重绝对值分别比CK提高了2.3%,8.6%,4.4%和2.2%,精料肉比分别降低了9.7%,14.9%,11.4%和9.5%,经济效益分别提高了11.34%,36.03%,21.60%和14.03%。4组饲喂杂交狼尾草青贮料的肉猪与CK相比会适当降低肉猪屠宰率,显著提高肉猪的背膘厚,肉猪的板油重、胃重呈增加的趋势,大肠重量差异不显著,小肠重量和长度则变短变轻,且增加肉质颜色等品质。说明利用纤维素降解菌可以提高牧草青贮品质,提高肉猪饲喂效果和经济效益。     

米糠和抗氧化剂对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

为研究米糠和不同抗氧化剂对肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响,试验分为饲养试验和屠宰试验,饲养试验选择体重(49.72±4.28)kg的肥育猪64头,随机分为4个处理组,分别饲喂4种不同的饲粮即(Ⅰ组)玉米-豆粕型饲粮;(Ⅱ组)含15%米糠的饲粮;(Ⅲ组)Ⅱ组+200mg/kgVE;(Ⅳ组)Ⅱ组+200mg/kg抗氧化剂。试验猪75kg左右时屠宰。结果显示:日增重Ⅱ组极显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.01),Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅳ组(0.01相似文献   

黄何促长剂对育肥猪生长性能的影响

采用黄荆子、何首乌等多种中草药组成的“黄何促长剂”,对肥育猪进行饲喂对比试验。将60日龄长大二元杂交猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10头。试Ⅰ组为对照组,试Ⅱ组日粮中添加黄何促长剂20g/头·日。试Ⅲ组日粮中添加黄何促长剂30g/头·日。结果表明,每头每天饲喂30g黄何促长剂的试验Ⅲ组比对照组平均日增重多161.75g,提高30%,料肉比降低0.54,每头平均比对照组多盈利33.1元,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

安全型无抗肥育猪配合饲料的应用效果研究

为促进科学养猪和安全型无抗肥育猪配合饲料的推广,本试验选用96头体重在65 kg左右的杜大长三元杂交肥育猪作为试验猪,按单因子试验设计进行试验,试验组饲喂安全型无抗肥育猪用饲粮,对照组饲喂含抗仔猪用饲粮,研究了安全型无抗肥育猪料对生长肥育猪生产性能和经济效益的影响。结果表明:饲喂安全型无抗肥育猪料的肥育猪平均日增重比喂含抗仔猪料的略高,但差异不显著(P0.05);头均日采食量和料重比显著高于含抗仔猪料组,但头均毛利则增加45.74元。结果表明,在肥育猪阶段采用仔猪料"一料到底"与按阶段用料即用无抗肥育猪料饲养肥育猪相比,虽能达到满意的增重效果,极显著降低料重比,但增重成本明显偏高,经济效益明显不佳,且存在抗生素残留等安全隐患。     

松针粉对生长猪生产性能的影响试验

试验选用日龄相近,体重35kg左右的杜长大三元生长猪32头,随机分为4组。对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮 松针粉1%;试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮 松针粉3%;试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮 松针粉6%。经40d饲养试验,试验Ⅰ组平均日增重662.5g,试验Ⅱ组707.5g,试验Ⅲ组682.5g,对照组则为640.0g;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日增重分别比对照组提高3.5%、10.5%和6.6%;料重比则分别下降1.3%、5.0%和3.0%;净收益分别提高3.5%、11.8%和1.4%。     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对猪生产性能的影响

试验探讨纳米载铜蒙脱石对猪不同生长阶段生产性能的影响。取72头健康"杜×大×长"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头(公母各半)。分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+20 mg/kg泰乐菌素+100 mg/kg磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)(试验组Ⅰ)和基础日粮+1 500 mg/kg纳米载铜蒙脱石MMT-Cu(试验组Ⅱ)。比较研究MMT-Cu对仔猪、生长猪及肥育猪各阶段生产性能的影响,以及日粮添加MMT-Cu与抗生素的效果比较。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加MMT-Cu可使仔猪平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05);肥育猪料重比明显降低(P0.01),全程料重比显著下降(P0.01);肥育阶段猪平均日增重较试验组Ⅰ增加(P0.05)。说明纳米载铜蒙脱石对不同生长阶段猪产生的生长效应存在差异,能够明显改善肥育猪料重比。     

可利生对肥育猪生产性能的影响

试验选用65kg左右、遗传背景相同的健康杜长大肥育猪110头，随机分为3个处理，对照组3个重复，每个重复10头猪，共30头猪，2个试验组各4个重复，每个重复10头猪，每个试验组40头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，2个试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加1．0kg／t和1．5kg／t福邦可利生。试验期50d。结果表明，可利生能增加饲料的适口性，明显提高肥育猪的日采食量，其中1．5kg／t可利生组日采食量的提高达到显著水平；提高肥育猪的平均日增重（P〈0．05），降低料重比（P〈0．05）和粪便的过料率；有改善皮毛和体形的趋势。     

鲜绿菊苣对肥育猪生长性能的影响

为研究生猪肥育期饲喂鲜绿菊苣对生长性能影响，采用单因子试验设计，选取160头平均体重（60.9±1.65） kg杜长大肥育猪，随机分为4个试验组，各试验组8个重复，每个重复5头猪。肥育期基础饲粮按60-90 kg阶段营养需要配制。对照组饲喂肥育期基础饲粮；10%菊苣组采取90%基础饲粮＋10%菊苣（按风干量计）饲喂方式；15%菊苣组采取85%基础饲粮＋15%菊苣（按风干量计）饲喂方式；20%菊苣组采取80%基础饲粮＋20%菊苣（按风干量计）饲喂方式。结果显示，生猪肥育期平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比，10%菊苣组与对照组（基础饲粮）相比差异不显著（P〈0.05）。15%菊苣组和20%菊苣组平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比与对照组相比差异达到显著或极显著水平，平均日采食量分别降低2.97%（P〈0.05）和7.18%（P〈0.01），料重比分别提高2.13%（P〈0.05）和3.34%（P〈0.05），平均日增重分别降低4.99%（P〈0.05）和10.20%（P〈0.01）。随着菊苣替代比例增加，饲粮单价逐渐降低，增重饲料成本也降低，在不降低生长性能情况下，10%菊苣组综合经济效益最佳。综合考虑，肥育猪饲喂鲜绿菊苣替代基础饲粮比例达到10%（按风干量计），在降低饲料成本情况下，生长性能最佳，综合经济效益最好。     

杂交狼尾草打浆后饲喂早中期妊娠母猪效果研究

开展以沼液浇灌的“闽牧6号”杂交狼尾草（Pennisetum americarum×P．purpureum cv．Minmu 6）打浆不同比例饲喂怀孕早中期母猪(0～80 d)效果研究,试验设4个饲喂量处理,处理1（CK）~处理4,妊娠早中期分别饲喂打浆鲜草0、2、4、6 kg/(头·d),牧草以折合成干物质等量替代配合饲料。结果表明,4个处理的母猪窝产仔数分别为13.42、10.60、13.64和11.50头,窝活仔数分别为12.42、10.30、12.73和9.92头,饲喂2和4 kg/（头·d）打浆鲜草在活仔数方面与对照差异不显著,而饲喂6 kg/（头·d）打浆鲜草则显著低于不饲喂鲜(P<0.05)。饲喂牧草的处理仔猪初生体质量、健仔率都比对照得到不同程度的提高,试验结果还表明,怀孕早中期母猪通过饲喂2～4 kg/（头·d）狼尾草草浆来补充纤维来源,可提高母猪的生产性能和仔猪品质,尤其以饲喂4 kg/（头·d）打浆鲜草,饲粮粗纤维含量为8.24%～9.41%,效果最佳。     

Increasing energy and lysine in diets for growing-finishing pigs in hot environmental conditions: consequences on performance, digestibility, slurry composition, and gas emission

The influence of dietary nutrient concentration on growth performance, manure composition, and gas emission was studied in pigs in hot environmental conditions. A total of 64 intact males and 64 females [(Landrace × Large White) × Pietrain] weighing 63.1 ± 9.7 kg were divided into 2 dietary treatments: high (HD: 14.39 MJ of DE/kg and 1.11% Lys) and low (LD: 13.97 MJ of DE/kg and 1.01% Lys) in energy and Lys contents. Pigs were allocated to 32 split-sex pens with 4 pigs/pen and 16 pens/treatment. Average productive performance was recorded for 41 d (phase 1). After phase 1, 12 females of 103.3 ± 3.15 kg (6 per treatment) were selected and housed individually, and feces and slurry were collected during 3 and 4 consecutive days, respectively, to calculate nutrient digestibility and measure gas emissions (phase 2). For gas emission measurements, slurry was pooled by treatment and stored for 76 d. Initial composition of slurry and pH were analyzed. Maximum and minimum temperatures registered in the barn throughout the growing period were 35.1 and 18.1°C, respectively. Animals fed the HD diet grew more efficiently than pigs fed the LD diet (G:F, 0.43 vs. 0.40; SEM = 0.01; P < 0.05). Fat digestibility was greater in HD compared with LD pigs (88.0 vs. 84.9%; SEM = 0.9; P < 0.05). Slurry from pigs fed the LD diet showed greater DM, OM, total N, and VFA contents than slurry from pigs fed the HD diet. Cumulative NH(3), CO(2), and especially CH(4) emissions were greater in the HD slurry compared with the LD slurry (192.4 vs. 210.g of NH(3)/m(3); 2,712 vs. 3,210 g of CO(2)/m(3); 1,502 vs. 2,647 mL of CH(4)/kg of OM). Increasing feed density in the present study led to a more efficient growth, a decreased nutrient concentration in the slurry, and a greater gas emission.     

壳聚糖对肉仔鸡抗氧化能力及免疫器官指数的影响

本试验旨在探讨壳聚糖对AA肉仔鸡抗氧化能力及免疫器官指数的影响.选择96只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4个日粮处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只鸡.第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加50、100、150mg/㎏的壳聚糖,试验期42d.结果表明:在21日龄时,与对照组相比,各试验组之间肉鸡血清...     

五味子、柠檬酸对生长肥育猪抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响

试验选择平均体重(20.8±0.9)kg的二元杂交(大白×长白)猪96头。随机分为4组,每组4个重复,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮分别添加1%柠檬酸(CA组)、0.5%五味子(SC组)和1%CA+0.5%SC(CA+SC组),研究五味子、柠檬酸对生长肥育猪抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加0.5%SC、1%CA或1%CA+0.5%SC可显著降低背最长肌、血清、组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05);添加0.5%SC或1%CA+0.5%SC可显著提高血清与组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性(P0.05);添加0.5%SC可显著降低背最长肌滴水损失(P0.05)。从试验结果可以看出,日粮中添加五味子与柠檬酸可提高血清与组织的抗氧化能力,改善部分肉品品质。     

五味子、柠檬酸对断奶仔猪血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响

选择28日龄断奶二元杂交(长白×大约克)仔猪48头,断奶体重(7.4±0.6)kg,平均分为4个组,每组3个重复,每重复4头(公、母各半),研究日粮中添加五味子(SC)、柠檬酸(CA)对断奶仔猪血清生化指标以及免疫功能的影响。试验组分别添加1%CA、0.5%SC、1%CA+0.5%SC,对照组为玉米-豆粕型基础日粮。结果表明:与对照组相比,CA+SC组血清尿素氮(BUN)水平和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),SC组血清BUN水平和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P<0.05),ALT活性极显著降低(P<0.01)。CA+SC组T3水平显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,SC组血清中猪瘟抗体效价、IgG和IgA水平显著提高(P<0.05)。SC组、CA+SC组血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Effects of supplementing galacto-oligosaccharides, Yucca schidigera or nisin on rumen methanogenesis, nitrogen and energy metabolism in sheep

The effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), Yucca schidigera (YS) or nisin (NS), as additives to a basal diet of grass silage and concentrate, on rumen methanogenesis, nitrogen and energy metabolism were conducted using four rumen cannulated wethers in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four treatments comprised basal diet (control), basal diet+20 g GOS, basal diet+120 ppm YS, basal diet+3 mg/kg BW^0.75 of NS. Apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were similar in all treatment diets. Animals fed YS had lower N losses in urine and total N losses resulting in a higher retained N. Ruminal pH values ranged from 6.33 to 6.47 and was significantly (P<0.05) altered by treatment. Sheep given YS had the lowest NH₃-N concentration, moderate in control and GOS, and the highest in NS. The GOS supplemented sheep had lower (P<0.01) proportion of acetic acid and higher (P<0.01) proportion of propionic acid compared to those fed the control diet. Microbial nitrogen supply was higher (P<0.05) in GOS supplemented sheep than those given control, YS and NS diets. Relative to control, YS and NS treatments, GOS reduced (P<0.05) methane production (l/kg BW^0.75). These results indicated that natural products have the potential to be used as manipulators of rumen fermentation.     

生物素对肉仔鸡免疫器官的发育、机体免疫功能和神经内分泌激素的影响

将400只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成4个处理，每个处理5个重复，每个重复20只鸡（公母各半）；基础日粮为小麦-酪蛋白型日粮，在基础日粮中分别添加0．30、0．90和2．7mg／kg3个水平的生物素，包括对照组共4种日粮处理。试验结果表明：（1）添加生物素可促进免疫器官的发育，提高其质量指数；提高了血清中新城疫抗体滴度和IgG水平，0．9mg／kg和2．7mg／kg处理组的新城疫抗体滴度显著高于对照组和0．3mg／kg处理组（P＜0．05），2．7mg／kg处理组的IgG水平显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）；（2）添加生物素显著提高了血液中B淋巴细胞的转化效率（P＜0．05）和脾脏中T淋巴细胞（P＜0．05）和B淋巴细胞的转化效率（P＜0．05）；显著降低了血液中表达CD3^＋的细胞含量（P＜0．05），其中2．7mg／kg处理组极显著低于对照组和0．3mg／kg处理组（P＜0．05）；显著降低了脾脏中表达CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD8^＋的细胞含量（P＜0．05），其中2．7mg／kg处理组显著低于对照组和0．3mg／kg处理组（P＜0．05）；（3）添加生物素后，血清甲状腺素T4、三碘甲状原氨酸T3、生长激素和皮质醇水平呈上升趋势（P＞0．05）。     

饲料中添加沼液喂猪时铜的迁移规律研究

对沼液中含铜量及饲料中添加沼液喂猪对猪日增重、料肉比和肝脏、肌肉、粪便中含铜量的影响进行了研究。采用GB13885-91方法,间隔30 d三次测定沼液中铜含量,结果分别为0.13μg/mL、0.16μg/mL和0.18μg/mL,试验设3个添加沼液处理,饲料与沼液的比例分别为1∶0.5、1∶1和1∶1.5,进行饲养试验,并采用GB13885-91方法对猪肌肉、肝脏及粪铜含量测定。结果：饲料中添加1∶1和1∶1.5的沼液,日增重极显著高于对照组和饲料中添加1∶0.5的沼液组,饲料中添加1∶1的沼液组日增重极显著高于饲料中添加1∶1.5的沼液组;饲料中添加沼液显著提高了肝脏、肌肉和粪便中铜含量,且随着沼液添加量的增加,肝脏、肌肉和粪便中含铜量随之增加。说明肝脏、肌肉和猪粪中含铜量与饲粮的含铜量是密切相关的,饲料中添加沼液喂猪可以降低饲料中铜的添加量。     

Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on urinary pH, feedlot performance, nitrogen mass balance, and manure pH in open feedlot pens

Six experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) in concentrate diets on urinary pH, feedlot performance, and N mass balance. In Exp. 1, 15 wether lambs (33.5 ± 3.0 kg) in five 3 × 3 Latin squares were fed a basal diet of 82.5% dry-rolled corn (DRC), 7.5% alfalfa hay, 5% molasses, and 5% supplement with different proportions of anionic and cationic salts. The DCAD was -45, -24, -16, -8, 0, +8, +16, +24, +32, and +40 mEq per 100 g of DM with the control basal diet (DCAD = +8) included in each square. Urinary pH increased (cubic, P < 0.01) as DCAD increased and DMI increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing DCAD. In Exp. 2 and 3, 8 Holstein steers (312 ± 24 kg) were used in 2 consecutive 4 × 4 Latin squares. Steers were fed either the same basal diet as Exp. 1 or a basal diet with 20% wet distillers grains (WDGS) replacing DRC. In Exp. 2, DCAD was adjusted to -2, -12, and -22 mEq per 100 g of DM from the basal diet (DCAD = +8) and DCAD was adjusted in Exp. 3 to -12, -22, and -32 mEq per 100 g of DM from the basal WDGS diet (DCAD = -2). Urinary pH decreased linearly as DCAD decreased (P < 0.01) in both experiments, whereas DMI decreased linearly in Exp. 2 (P = 0.02) but not Exp. 3 (P = 0.96). In Exp. 4, 6 crossbred steers (373 ± 37 kg) were used in a 2-period crossover design. Steers were fed the same basal diet as Exp. 3 with DCAD of -16 (NEG) and +20 (POS) mEq per 100 g of DM. Urinary pH and DMI (P < 0.05) were less for cattle fed the NEG diet compared with POS. In 2 experiments, steers (n = 96 each) were fed NEG or POS as calves (260 ± 22 kg of BW) for 196 d from November to May (Exp. 5) or as yearlings (339 ± 32 kg of BW) for 145 d from June to October (Exp. 6). Final BW, DMI, ADG, and HCW were not different (P > 0.11) among treatments in either experiment. Efficiency of BW gain was increased (P = 0.05) for steers fed NEG compared with POS in Exp. 5 but was not different (P = 0.11) in Exp. 6. Amount of N intake, retention, excretion, and manure N (kg/steer) were not different (P > 0.11) among treatments in either experiment. Manure pH (soil, feces, and urine) was decreased (P < 0.01) in pens fed NEG compared with POS in both experiments. Amount of N lost (kg/steer) was not different (P = 0.44) in Exp. 5, but tended (P = 0.09) to be 10.6% greater for POS compared with NEG in Exp. 6. Urinary pH was decreased by reducing DCAD, but this had minimal effect on N losses in open feedlot pens in these experiments.