姬松茸生物学特性研究初报

姬松茸是一种美味的药用蘑菇。近年来，我们进行姬松茸的引种栽培研究，本文报道姬松茸子实体的形态特征及菌体培养条件等的一些研究结果。姬松茸菌丝体能利用蔗糖、葡萄糖等作为碳源；但不能利用可溶性淀粉。其中以７％的蔗糖最佳，氮源利用上以硫酸铵（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４最好，其最适浓度为０．３％，硝酸（ＨＨ＿４ＮＯ＿３）次之，但不能利用蛋白胨。姬松茸菌丝生长的温度范围为１０～３７℃，最适温度为２３～２７℃。菌丝体在酸碱度范围为ｐＨ４．５～８．０，最适为ｐＨ６．０～８．０。菌丝体能在料水比为１：１．２～２．２的培养基（含水量为５４．５～６８％）中生长，其中以料水为１：１．４时（含水量为５８．５％）生长最好。     

金针菇WF菌株深层发酵工艺的研究

金针菇ＷＦ（Ｆｌａｍｍｎｌｉｎａｖｅｌｕｔｉｐｅｓ）菌株是我们从区内收集和分离的１０个菌株中，经筛选获得的一株适合深层发酵的高产优质菌株。本文报道了适宜发酵培养基，摇瓶发酵条件，结果表明，其适宜发酵培养液，玉米２％，蔗糖２％，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．３％，ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．１５％，适宜的摇瓶发酵条件为：培养温度２０～２２℃，培养基起始ｐＨ６．０～６．２，摇瓶转速１４０～１６０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，菌丝体干收率３．０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）为工业化生产发酵菌丝体准备了良好的条件。     

猴头菌液体发酵条件的研究

本文报道了猴头菌适宜的液体发酵条件及发酵培养基。结果表明：猴头菌适宜发酵条件为：培养温度２５～２８℃，培养基起始ｐＨ５０～６０，摇瓶装量１００～１２０ｍＬ／５００ｍＬ，振荡频率１５０～１８０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，种子培养时间３～４ｄ，接种量１０％～１５％。适宜的发酵培养基为：小麦粉３％，酵母粉３％，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０１％，ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ００５％，ＶＢ１２０μｇ／１００ｍＬ，ＶＢ２２０μｇ／１００ｍＬ。     

蝙蝠拟拟青霉菌丝体最适发酵条件研究

试验研究了冬虫夏草蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体的发酵条件，其适宜接种量为２．５％－５．０％最佳菌株为３ｄ，适宜的初始ＰＨ为５．０－７．５，发酵周期５ｄ，发酵过程中对通气量的要求较高。     

蘑菇麦粒原种制作方法试验

近年来，双孢蘑菇在我国北方发展迅速，双孢蘑菇原种用量很大。为探索蘑菇菌种优质、低成本制作方法，我们进行了不同配制方法的探索，现将结果报道如下：１材料和方法１．１菌种２７９６，本校微生物教研室保存菌种。１．２培养料配方（％）①麦粒９０，发酵料７．５，蔗糖１，石膏０．５，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．５，麦粒煮沸５②麦粒９０，发酵料７．５，麦粒清水浸泡；③麦粒９０，发酵料７．５，麦粒石灰水浸泡；④麦粒９０，菜园土２，麦粒石灰水浸泡；⑤麦粒９０，发酵料４．５，木屑３．０，麦粒石灰水浸泡；⑥麦粒９０，平菇下脚料７．５…     

营养物质对早熟桃幼胚离体培养成苗的影响

本文研究了培养基中干营养物质对早熟桃幼胚成苗的影响。结果发现：桃胚发育 指数ＰＦＬ值（胚长／种子长）愈小，对所需培养基中铵态氮浓度愈高，蔗糖浓度愈大。　　但培养基加氨基酸化合物后，对幼胚成苗有抑制作用，仅仅可以提高ＰＦＬ值０．２幼胚的　　成苗率。结果表明：ＫＮＯ３１９００毫克／升（以下单位同）、ＮＨ４ＮＯ３８５０、ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ　　１８５、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４８５、　ＣａＣｌ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ２２０、　ＭＳ培养基的微量元素和有机化合物、蔗　糖　　６％，Ｇｌｎ６８０、ＬＨ５００、Ａｄ４０、ＢＡ２．０、１ＡＡ０．２５，ＮＡＡ０．２５、Ａ．Ｃ．０．０２％、琼　　脂０．６％组合的培养基适合于ＰＦＬ值０．２幼胚成苗，成苗率达９３．８％。要使ＰＦＬ值０．３　　～０．４幼胚成苗达９０％以上，尚要对培养基中大量元素做进一步调整。     

猕猴桃的组织培养和快速繁殖

１ 植物名称 金魁猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ ｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓａｖａｒ．Ｊｉｎ Ｋｕｉ）２ 材料类别 嫩茎３ 培养条件 培养基：①ＭＳ＋ＺＴＷ．０ｍｓ／Ｌ；②ＭＳ＋ＺＴ１．０ｍｐ／Ｌ；＠ ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ；④１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５～０．７ｍｇ／Ｌ。 蔗糖（市售白砂糖）浓度①～③培养基为３．０％，④培养基为 ２．０％；琼脂浓度为 ０．６５％～０．７０％，ｐＨ５．８～６．０，培养温度 ２５～２８℃，每天光照 １３ｈ，光照强度 １５００～２０００ １Ｘ。４ 生长与分化情况４．１ 愈伤…     

用L27（3^13）正交试验筛选产鸡Zong菌胞外多糖的液体培养基

从贵州安顺分离筛选到一株鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌（Ｔｅｒｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ａｌｂｕｍｉｎｏｓｕｓ），对其产胞外多糖特性进行研究后，用正交设计试验方法获得产胞外多糖优化液体培养基配方如下：玉米淀粉１．５％，葡萄糖１．５％，酵母粉０．４％，蛋白胨０．２％，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．２％，ＭｇＳＯ４０．０５％，ｐＨ４．８，最大胞外多糖产量可达１．７５ｇ／Ｌ。     

灵芝富锗培养研究

本文对灵芝ＴＷ的富锗液体深层培养进行了研究，结果表明：灵芝ＴＷ富锗能力较强，添加１００～３０００ｐｐｍ范围内的Ｇｅ－１３２，在２６℃，１３０ｒｐｍ条件下培养９６小时富集锗的范围为０．４３７ｍｇ／ｇ～７．８２２ｍｇ／ｇ；Ｇｅ－１３２能促进ＴＷ灵芝菌丝体对还原糖的利用并提高菌丝体收率；Ｇｅ－１３２对ＴＷ灵芝发酵的ｐＨ值、发酵周期及蛋白质含量没有影响，发酵终点ｐＨ值为４．５～４．９之间，发酵周期为９６小时，发酵终点蛋白质含量在３１．２％～３５．６％之间。     

多种盐溶液浸种对黄瓜出苗的影响(初报)

黄瓜是喜温性蔬菜，种子的最低发芽温度为１２．７℃，在１１℃以下不发芽。为了探索简便有效的提高低温（１０℃左右）条件下黄瓜种子的出苗率，笔者于１９８９年４月做了用盐溶液处理黄瓜种子的试验。 材料和方法 以栖霞百斤黄瓜（地方品种）种子为试材。用硝酸钾（ＫＮｏ３）、磷酸二氢钾（ＫＨ２ＰＯ４）、硫酸镁（ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ）或其中任何两种盐以１：１的比例混用，各以３％的浓度在１０℃黑暗条件下浸种１～５天，以清水浸种为对照，共设７种处理，每处理用３０粒种子，重复三次，处理后在自来水下冲洗１０分钟，而后播种于…     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。