早中熟苦瓜新品种春绿的选育

湖南省蔬菜研究所以自交系ZG021064为母本,以泰国大肉苦瓜经4代单株自交,一代系内自交定向选择而成的自交系G065为父本选育成的早中熟一代杂种春绿苦瓜,从播种至始收80天左右,果实表皮翠绿色,棒形,粗条瘤,瓜形美观,单瓜质量560g左右,平均每667m2产量3600kg左右,抗白粉病和疫病能力比对照郴州青苦瓜强.适宜长江流域早春露地和保护地栽培.     

早熟苦瓜新品种春华的选育

以蓝山苦瓜中变异后代自交系G02-1为母本,以衡阳早白苦瓜G01-1为父本选育成的早熟苦瓜一代杂种春华苦瓜,从播种至始收75天左右,果实表皮绿白色,长圆筒形,突瘤,瓜形美观,单瓜质量380 g左右,平均每667 m2产量3 500 kg左右,抗白粉病和疫病.适宜长江流域早春露地和保护地栽培.     

绿苦瓜新品种衡杂苦瓜2号的选育

衡杂苦瓜 2号母本B06是广东一地方品种用双株选择法经 5代自交分离选育的自交系,父本B02-5是湖南地方品种蓝山苦瓜的变异株经 5代自交定向选育而成的优良自交系。该一代杂种中早熟,植株生长势强,主蔓雌花率高。果实长圆锥形,瓜色油绿有光泽,大直瘤,果纵径 25 ~30cm,横径 5 ~6cm,一般单果质量 500g左右,每 667m2 产量 3 000kg左右,高抗病毒病、枯萎病,中抗霜霉病。     

苦瓜新品系‘白玉＇选育及栽培技术要点

‘白玉’苦瓜母本87-1是珍珠美人苦瓜经连续7代自交分离而成的优良自交系,父本85—3是从丰雪苦瓜经8代自交分离选育的自交系。介绍白玉苦瓜的选育经过、品种特性和栽培技术要点。     

苦瓜新品种绿领的选育

绿领是以从福建地方品种资源中筛选出的优良变异株经7代自交选育而成的自交系97-2为母本,以泰国引进品种多代自交选育而成的自交系96-3为父本配制而成的苦瓜一代杂种。中熟,生育期50d(天),植株生长势和分枝性强,持续坐果率高;果实棒形,果皮绿色,表皮直瘤较平,果长25~35cm,横径8~9cm,肉厚1.1~1.3cm,单果质量450~500g,每667m2产量2500kg左右;对病毒病、霜霉病和枯萎病的抗性比沙堤苦瓜强,适宜我国南方地区春秋栽培。     

苦瓜单交种子量与亲本种子量的关系研究初报

用经8代自交而得的高度纯合自交系单交授粉,同时对各自交系进行自交授粉。瓜成熟后统计单交授粉瓜种子数、各自交系自交瓜种子数,然后分析单交授粉瓜种子量与亲本种子量的相关性。结果表明,单交瓜种子量与母本自交瓜种子量呈显著正相关,与父本自交瓜种子量相关性不显著。这说明杂交授粉后苦瓜种子数量主要由母本决定,因此选种子量多的自交系作母本易提高制种产量。     

苦瓜新品种春玉的选育

春玉苦瓜的母本G91022-1是由广西地方品种南宁苦瓜经8代株内自交获得的稳定自交系,父本G91064是由广东地方品种广东油身苦瓜经6代单株自交获得的稳定自交系.植株生长势中等,分枝力强,节间较短,蔓长4 m左右,主蔓结瓜为主,第1雌花节位在第8～10节,商品瓜棒形,顺直,浅绿色,粗条状瘤,瓜纵径26～28 cm,横径6～7 cm,肉厚1.2 cm,略苦,单瓜质量326 g.早熟,从出苗至始收59 d(天),前期产量420 kg·(667m2)-1左右,总产量3 200kg·(667 m2)-1左右.对白粉病和疫病的抗性比广西大肉1号强.较耐热,适于湖南地区作早春露地栽培.     

大肉2号苦瓜的选育

大肉2号苦瓜母本G10-26是由泰国曼谷苦瓜经7代自交分离选育的优良自交系,父本S5是从广西地方品种苏圩苦瓜经5代自交分离选育的自交系。其一代杂种中熟偏早,早期产量比苏圩苦瓜增产24.8％,总产量每667 m2平均3 414.2 kg;单瓜质量691.2 g,瓜长圆筒形,皮色浅绿,光滑油亮,大直瘤,肉质甘脆,味微苦,品质佳;较耐白粉病。已累计示范推广6 000 hm2。     

‘桂农科8号’苦瓜的选育

‘桂农科8号’苦瓜是以自交系‘MC34’为母本、自交系‘MC71’为父本杂交选育而成的苦瓜杂交品种。该品种具有早熟、高产、抗白粉病等特点,从播种到商品瓜始收期的时间为75 d,瓜皮浅绿色,瓜形长棒形,肩平蒂圆,粒条瘤相间,味微苦,瓜长约30.0 cm,横径6.29 cm,瓜肉厚度1.07 cm,平均单瓜质量466 g,667 m~2平均总产量3 627.85 kg。2016年通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定并定名‘桂农科8号’苦瓜。     

早熟白绿苦瓜新品种鑫秀的选育

鑫秀苦瓜母本LE81是从台湾一地方品种经多代单株定向选择而成的优良自交系,其果实长条形,瓜形匀称,瓜皮白绿色有光泽,果表大圆瘤突起,果实纵径28～30 cm、横径6.0～6.2 cm,果肉厚1.0～1.1 cm,单果质量390 g左右.高抗霜霉病、枯萎病,中抗白粉病.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。