棉花雄性不育系的研究进展和展望

概述了棉花雄性不育系的类型、形态特征、遗传基础、生理生化特征和细胞学观察，对棉花雄性不育性杂种优势利用进行了展望。     

棉花雄性不育杂种优势利用研究及进展

介绍了棉花单隐性核不育、重叠隐性核不育、细胞质雄性不育系的研究及利用现状,提出细胞质雄性不育系的研究利用是解决棉花杂种优势利用问题的重要途径。     

棉花雄性不育系的研究进展和展望

概述了棉花雄性不育系的类型、形态特征、遗传基础、生理生化特征和细胞学观察,对棉花雄性不育性杂种优势利用进行了展望.     

棉花传粉昆虫的研究

国内外的研究结果证明,利用棉花杂种优势,一般可以提高产量20%左右,是增产的有效途径。但棉花是雌雄同花的常异花授粉作物,应用人工的方法获得棉花杂种种子,必须经过一整套烦琐的人工去雄授粉等制种过程,花费的人力较多,提高了杂种种子生产成本,给推广杂种优势增加了困难。应用棉花雄性不育系制种,因棉花已雄性不育,用不育系作母本,不仅可以省去人工去雄,若摸清了它的传粉媒介——昆虫,应用昆虫给棉花传粉,还可省去人工授粉工作,是利用杂种优势最理想的方法。棉花雄性不育系的研究,在我国已有了较大的进展,有的单位已获得较稳定的50%不育株,     

小麦核型雄性不育杂种优势利用研究的现状与展望

本文综述了小麦核型雄性不育及杂种优势利用研究的发展历史、遗传机理、杂优利用途径等;就其繁育制种体系进行了较为详尽的分析;阐述了核不育研究的新进展和杂优利用新途径;展望了核雄性不育的应用前景。     

棉花雄性不育系的研究现状与利用前景

本文从四个方面对棉花雄性不育系的研究现状与利用前景进行综述：(1)棉花雄性不育系的研究进展情况；(2)棉花雄性不育系的形态特征及其与外界环境因素之间的关系；(3)棉花雄性不育系在棉花的杂交制种中的利用；(4)棉花雄性不育系在生产应用中应解决的几个问题及其应用前景：     

棉花雄性不育系的研究现状及展望

综述了棉花雄性不育系的研究进展情况,简述了棉花雄性不育系的形态特征及其与外界环境因素之间的关系、棉花雄性不育系在杂交制种中的利用,并对棉花雄性不育系的应用前景进行了展望。     

化学药剂诱导红麻雄性不育效果的初步研究

化学杀雄是农作物利用杂种优势的途径之一。红麻杂种一代优势显著，但目前尚无有效的制种方法。据国外报导，用0．01—0．05％ Embutox(2，4-二氯苯氧丁酸钠)处理红麻可产生部分雄性不育。为了探索红麻化学杀雄利用杂种优势的可能性，我所于1979—1980年进行了化学药剂诱导红麻雄性不育的研究，     

中国大豆雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究进展与问题分析

杂种优势利用是大幅度提高大豆产量的有效措施之一,我同的大豆杂种优势利用研究开始于20世纪80年代中期,经过20多年的研究探索,我国在大豆杂种优势利用研究领域总体上处于国际前列.在世界上率先育成了大豆质核互作"三系",开展了大规模杂种优势测定研究,育成了数个大豆杂交种,对大豆杂交制种技术进行了广泛研究,取得重要进展.然而,杂交大豆的产业化进程仍较缓慢,还存在一系列问题亟待解决.文章总结我国在大豆雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究方面所取得的重要进展,对存在的主要问题进行了分析,并对今后的研究策略提出了建议.     

浅述我国高梁雄性不育系研究历程与应用进展

高粱雄性不育系3197A是世界上第一个可遗传的雄性不育系，引入我国后得到充分的开发和利用。20世纪80年代以前，几乎所有雄性不育系都是Milo细胞质质一核互作型的，1981年我国引入A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、9E新胞质雄性不育系开始研究和利用，成功育成A2V4新胞质雄性不育系。高粱雄性不育系的研究和利用为我国高粱杂种优势利用做出了贡献。     

浅析国内棉花不育系的研究与应用

分析了当前开展棉花不育系研究的必要性和存在的问题,并提出了开展棉花不育系研究的三点建议:一是加强雄性不育系的研究与利用;二是加强胞质不育系的研究与利用;三是进一步完善不育系制种技术及杂交种子产业化的研究。这有利于解决棉花人工去雄配制杂交组合带来的问题,加强棉花不育系育种研究具有非常重要的意义。     

皖沿江棉区棉花育种方向的探讨

简要分析安徽省沿江棉区棉花生产的现状和现有种植品种存在的缺陷,提出了皖沿江棉花今后棉花育种要培育三系雄性不育杂种,尽快开展株型育种和高光效育种,培育高光效株型品种,为棉花生产机械化服务。     

棉花新品种赣棉杂1号的选育及示范

赣棉杂1号是江西省棉花研究所采用杂种优势利用的方法选育出的江西省首个优质、高产杂交棉新品种.该品种的母本为优质、抗病、高产的自育材料YL168;父本为经航天诱变育种材料中系统选育而成、适纺60支纱以上的特优材料YM-1;通过在F1代优势测定试验、品种比较试验、省级区域试验、生产示范等试验示范,赣棉杂1号表现突出,一般子棉产量为4 500 kg/hm2、皮棉产量为1 900 kg/hm2,霜前花率85%;2.5%跨长≥30 mm,比强≥33.2 cN/tex,马克隆值3.7～4.8;抗棉枯萎病、枯萎病指7.4,抗逆性能较强,综合性状优良.根据赣棉杂1号的特征特性提出了相应的高产栽培措施.     

转基因抗虫核不育系及其杂交种研究进展

棉花杂交育种的主要方法有人工去雄法、核不育两系法、术关键有：制种方法有待重大突破,杂种优势有待进一步提高。杂种优势广泛利用。核不育三系法、胞质不育三系法等。棉花杂交制种要解决的技随着生物尖端技术在棉花杂交育种上的广泛利用,将促进棉花     

棉花杂种优势利用的回顾与展望

回顾了棉花杂种优势利用的历程与杂交棉优势表现,阐述了棉花人工去雄授粉、化学杀雄、雄性不育系等杂种优势的利用现状与途径,提出了棉花杂种优势的利用是提高棉花产量和品质的有效途径,并建议在我国现有农业生产技术条件下,棉花杂种优势的进一步广泛利用需将棉花杂交种与种植方式改革紧密结合,尽量选择F2仍有较高优势的杂交组合,建立相应的杂交棉种生产体系,进一步加强转基因抗病虫杂交棉育种研究和生产应用。     

Pink bollworm of cotton (Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)): male moth catches in gossyplure-baited traps and relationships to oviposition, boll infestation and moth emergence

Pheromone-baited traps are an important sampling tool in integrated pest management programmes. Studies were conducted to determine the relationship between catches of male insects in these traps, and crop infestation. Numbers of male moths of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), caught daily in cotton fields at the University of Arizona Cotton Research Center, Phoenix, Arizona, in gossyplure-baited traps were variable. However, average catches of male moths for 3–7 days between boll-sampling periods were strongly correlated with oviposition on cotton bolls, percentages of infested bolls and numbers of larvae per boll. Average weekly numbers of moths emerging from infested cotton were also strongly correlated with the number of males caught: the number of females emerging was strongly correlated with oviposition on cotton bolls. Insecticide applications of carbaryl and fenvalerate reduced catches of male moths of pink bollworm in gossyplure-baited traps compared with catches in traps in untreated fields (average 56%). However, 13–48 male moths/trap per night were caught in the treated fields after applications. Thus, scheduling treatments on the basis of male moth trap catches, except for the initial treatment, was not feasible. Small field sizes, moth immigration and/or continuing emergence from the infested cotton in the fields may have obscured the impact of the insecticide treatments on adult moth populations.     

Bt抗虫核不育系S2-28A的利用

本文主要报道利用自育Bt抗虫核不育两用系S2-28A与转基因抗虫或抗病及优质的棉花品种(品系)杂交,筛选出转基因抗虫、抗病、优质的杂交组合,对推动棉花杂种优势的利用,将起到积极作用.     

Seasonal abundance of the mirids, Lygus lucorum and Adelphocoris spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Bt cotton in northern China

Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dür, Adelphocoris fasciaticollis Reuter and Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) are important secondary insect pests in cotton fields in northern China. The seasonal dynamics of their mixed populations on a transgenic variety expressing the insecticidal Bt protein Cry1A, and a cotton line expressing proteins of Cry1A and CpTI (cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene) were compared to seasonal dynamics on similar but non-transgenic varieties from 1998 to 2001. No significant differences were detected between population densities of these bugs on unsprayed normal cotton and unsprayed transgenic cotton. However, mirid damage on unsprayed transgenic cotton was significantly higher due to a reduced number of insecticide sprays against Helicoverpa armigera compared with the number of sprays in the normal cotton. This suggests that the mirids have become key insect pests in transgenic cotton fields, and that their damage to cotton could increase further with the expansion of the area planted to transgenic cotton if no additional control measures are adopted.     

Flax-cotton fiber blends: Miniature spinning,gin processing,and dust potential

Development of a flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) industry in North America is desired to supply a domestic source of clean, consistent quality textile fiber for blending with cotton. The objective of this work was to evaluate portions of traditional cotton gin equipment (extractor feeder and lint cleaner) and the “50-g cotton-spinning test (CST)” for flax. Dust was collected on an area sampler in an isolated card room to evaluate dust potential during textile pilot plant processing. Fibers retted by diverse means were cleaned on two separate portions of Continental Eagle's pilot plant cotton gin stand, the Super 96 Feeder and the 24D lint cleaner. Fibers separated and removed from flax stalks by these gin sections were compared against the standard ‘unified line’ processing technique of the USDA Flax Pilot Plant. Test yarns were then made in a CST with cotton and flax blends to provide an indirect measurement of fiber properties that can be related to the retting and gin cleaning processes. The yarns were tested for strength and evenness. Flax fibers that displayed the most favorable properties in the CST were then spun in 23 kg lots in the pilot plant at the following cotton/flax blend ratios: 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 20/80. With modifications, it appears that portions of a cotton gin stand are able to process adequately small samples of properly retted flax stalks. The CST with minor adjustments provides useful data for ranking and further large-scale flax processing. As expected, it appears that flax fiber can be successfully cleaned on a cotton processing line and that increasing the amount of flax generates additional dust.