鸽霍乱灭活菌苗的研制与应用

鸽霍乱是危害养鸽生产的主要传染病,鸽群感染后死亡率高达55％以上。用市售的禽霍乱弱毒冻干苗或油乳剂灭活菌苗免疫鸽群,实践证明起不到防疫效果。为此,笔者从鸽体内分离菌株,制成灭活菌苗。到目前为止,已免疫鸽15000余只,4个月内保护率达86％,取得了较为满意的预防效果。     

农业部批准兽用新生物制品质量标准

禽霍乱油乳剂灭活疫苗 ( TJ株 )Oil Emulsion Inactivated Vaccine( TJStrain) Against Fowl Cholera本品系用免疫原性良好的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌( TJ株 ) ,接种于适宜培养基培养 ,将培养物经甲醛溶液灭活后 ,与油佐剂混合乳化制成。用于预防禽多杀性巴氏杆菌病 (即禽霍乱 )。【物     

禽霍乱蜂胶灭活苗与弱毒冻干苗免疫效力对比试验报告

本文报告禽霍乱蜂胶灭活苗与弱毒冻干苗（Ｇ１９０Ｅ４０）分别对鸡免疫，在免疫后２０ｄ、９０ｄ、１８０ｄ作３次攻毒，结果：禽霍乱蜂胶灭活苗的保护率依次为１００％（５／５）、８０％（４／５）、６０％（３／５）；禽霍乱弱毒冻干苗的保护率依次为６０％（３／５）、４０％（２／５）、０％（０／５）。     

绿头野鸭疫苗接种程序及操作要领

１接种程序１．１出壳后２４h内无母源抗体的雏野鸭皮下或胸肌接种鸭肝炎弱毒苗；有母源抗体的雏野鸭７～１０日龄时，接种上述疫苗。１．２１４日龄胸肌接种鸭瘟弱毒苗。１．３４２日龄颈部皮下接种禽出败灭活菌苗。１．４６０日龄胸肌接种鸭瘟弱毒疫苗。１．５９０日龄颈部皮下接种禽霍乱油乳剂菌苗。１．６１２０日龄母野鸭（开产前３０d）胸肌接种鸭肝炎弱毒苗；１３５日龄时再接种鸭肝炎弱毒苗１次。１．７２８０日龄（母野鸭停产期）胸肌接种鸭瘟弱毒疫苗。１．８成年经产种野鸭每年春秋两季各注射一次鸭瘟弱毒苗和禽霍乱油乳剂苗。２…     

禽霍乱蜂胶菌苗的研究 Ⅰ.制苗工艺、安全性与免疫原性试验

禽霍乱蜂胶菌苗是以禽巴氏杆菌C_(48-1)(A:5)株加蜂胶乙醇浸液为佐剂制备的灭活菌苗。每ml菌苗含菌量为100亿,蜂胶干物质15mg。禽霍乱蜂胶菌苗对鸡具有良好的安全性与免疫原性,每只鸡接种1ml,7天即产生坚强免疫力,近期像护率(7～25天)为100％(35/35)。     

两种禽用油乳剂灭活菌(疫)苗新产品简介

我国现有的禽霍乱弱毒冻干菌苗和禽霍乱氢氧化铝菌茁,对鸡反应大,且免疫期短,几种新城疫弱毒疫苗,对预防鸡新城疫有较好的效果,但有的毒力较强。据国内外资料报道,油乳剂灭活菌(疫)苗反应轻、效果好。现将中国兽药监察所最近研究成功     

鸡传染性法氏囊病油乳剂组织灭活苗的免疫效果及应用

用传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）病死鸡的病变法氏囊组织经甲醛灭活后，制成油乳剂组织灭活苗，接种１０日龄肉鸡和蛋鸡，至２５日龄时就能检出琼脂扩散试验（ＡＧＰ）抗体，５５日龄时ＡＧＰ抗体达高峰，肉鸡和蛋鸡分别为１∶１０６．８９，１∶１１２．９９，蛋鸡至１２０日龄时，ＡＧＰ抗体仍达１∶１３．４６。攻毒试验表明，接种油乳剂组织灭活苗的各个日龄的鸡，对ＩＢＤ野毒的攻击具有１００％的保护率。接种Ｄ７８弱毒疫苗的鸡，４０日龄时检出低水平ＡＧＰ抗体，５５日龄时，ＡＧＰ抗体高峰时亦仅为１∶２．０４，各日龄鸡对ＩＢＤ野毒的攻击，均未获完全保护，５５日龄时保护率最高亦仅为６０％。     

自家组织灭活菌苗在禽霍乱疫场中的应用

禽霍乱是由禽多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的家禽及野生禽类的一种接触性传染病，又称禽出败。该病病程短，致死率高，以高热下痢、呼吸困难为主要特征。由于禽霍乱病原血清型多，常导致商品菌苗的血清型与疫区病原菌的血清型不一致，从而引起免疫失败。南宁地区部分养殖场用禽霍乱菌苗接种家禽失败，用药物控制疗效比较明显，但停药一段时间后又反复发生。后经采用以自家组织灭活菌苗接种为主的紧急控制措施，先后对多个疫场进行试验，均能很好地控制疫情。现报道如下。一、疫情概况反复性发生禽霍乱疫情的禽场均使用过禽出败铝胶灭活菌苗。疫情初期…     

鸡传染性鼻炎灭活油乳剂苗的研制

采用抗原性较好的Ａ型和Ｃ型菌株,以矿物油为佐剂制备成Ａ、Ｃ型二价油乳剂灭活菌苗,肌内接种健康鸡,玻片凝集试验表明,免疫后第七天产生凝集抗体,效价达到１：４以上,第十六天效价可达１;８,第二十四天效价高达１：１６,攻毒试验的结果表明,抗体效价达到１：１６时可以抵抗强毒的攻击,田间试验的结果表明,该苗的免疫原性好,安全。     

禽霍乱蜂胶灭活苗与弱毒冻干苗免疫对比试验

禽霍乱蜂胶灭活苗与弱毒冻干苗(G_(190)、E_(40))分别对鸡免疫,免疫后分别于20、90、180天攻毒。结果,禽霍乱蜂胶灭活苗的保护率依次为100％(5/5)、80％(4/5)、60％(3/5);禽霍乱弱毒冻干苗的保护率依次为60％(3/5)、40(2/5)、0(0/5)。     

鸡黄病毒灭活疫苗的研制及免疫效果研究

鸡黄病毒FQ—C1株经SPF鸡胚连续传40代后,检测其尿囊液毒的ELD50达到1×10^-4.33／0．1mL。将该病毒第40代SPF鸡胚液毒灭活后制备成油乳剂灭活疫苗。SPF雏鸡和蛋鸡安全性试验表明,该疫苗的安全性好,无不良影响。以该疫苗一次单剂量（1mI／只）免疫开产蛋鸡,28d后攻以鸡黄病毒强毒测定疫苗的保护效果,结果显示疫苗免疫组较未免疫组蛋鸡的产蛋率高出75．8％,产蛋保护率达93．2％以上。试验表明,本研究制备的鸡黄病毒灭活疫苗安全性好,且具有良好的免疫原性,免疫后可有效抵抗鸡黄病毒所致的产蛋骤降。     

蛋鸡首免乙型脑炎病毒后卵黄抗体变化规律的研究

本试验旨在研究疫苗、免疫剂量和注射方式对卵黄抗体效价规律的影响,探讨制备抗猪乙型脑炎病毒卵黄抗体蛋鸡的最佳免疫程序。选用无免疫褐羽蛋鸡180只,随机分成18组,每组10只。1、2组均为对照组,注射无菌生理盐水;3~10组采用皮下和肌肉两种注射方式,并依次注射灭活苗0.2、0.5、1.0和1.5 mL;11~18组同样采取两种注射方式,依次免疫相同剂量弱毒苗。各试验组分别于免疫前1 d、免疫后第3、7、10、14、18、21和28天采集当日鸡蛋6枚,提取卵黄抗体,测定效价。试验结果显示,1~6、11、12组卵黄抗体效价均为0,未产生明显免疫应答;7~10组注射灭活苗后7 d,平均卵黄抗体效价达到峰值,抗体持续时间为14 d;13~18组注射弱毒苗后14 d达到最高值,抗体持续时间为21 d;注射剂量相同但注射方式不同的两组之间比较,卵黄抗体效价差异不显著（P>0.05）;相同注射方式,相同疫苗的各试验组间,随着免疫剂量的增加卵黄抗体效价逐渐加强,且差异显著（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,肌肉或皮下两种注射方式,蛋鸡产生明显免疫应答至少需要免疫灭活苗1.0 mL或弱毒苗0.5 mL。比较弱毒苗与灭活苗,灭活苗刺激机体产生的抗体速度较快,但维持时间较短;较少剂量弱毒苗就可刺激机体产生抗体,但速度慢、维持时间长。     

Study on the Change Rule of Egg Yolk Antibody in Laying Hens after First Immunization by Japanese Encephalitis Virus

The purpose of this experiment was to study the immunization rule of the egg yolk antibody affected by different vaccines,immunization dose and injection ways and further to discuss the optimal immunization procedures of the laying hens for the preparation of egg yolk antibody against swine Japanese encephalitis virus.180 brown laying hens without any vaccines were selected and divided into 18 groups randomly,each group of 10 hens.Groups 1,2 were the control groups,injected with the sterile saline;Groups 3 to 10 were injected with subcutaneous or intramuscular injection,and the vaccine was injected with 0.2,0.5,1.0 and 1.5 mL successively.Groups 11 to 18 were also adopted two kinds of injection,followed by the same dose of vaccine immunization.Six eggs of each experimental group were gathered before immune day and after 3,7,10,14,18,21 and 28 days,the egg yolk antibody was extracted and the titer was determined.As a result,the egg yolk antibody titers of groups 1 to 6,11 and 12 were all 0,and no significant immune response produced;The hens from 7 to 10 groups were injected with the inactivated vaccine.After 7 days,the average antibody titer reached the peak,and the duration of the antibody was 14 days.The hens from 13 to 18 groups were injected with the attenuated virus vaccine.After 14 days,the average antibody titer reached the highest value,and the duration of the antibody was 21 days.The egg yolk antibody titers were not significantly different in the two compared experiment groups with the same injection dose but with different injection ways (P>0.05).With the same injection way of each experiment group,and the difference was significant (P>0.05).Compared with some groups with the same injection and vaccine,the titer of yolk antibody was gradually increased with the increase of the immune dose,and the difference was significant (P<0.05).The results showed that,no matter intramuscular or subcutaneous injection,in order to produce a significant immune response to hens,the immune antigen dose was 1.0 mL inactivated vaccine or 0.5 mL attenuated vaccine at least.Compared with the attenuated and inactivated vaccine,inactivated vaccine stimulated the body to produce the antibody faster,but the maintenance time was shorter;The lower dose of attenuated vaccine could stimulate the body to produce antibodies,but the speed was slower,the maintenance time was longer.     

鸡传染性鼻炎灭活疫苗的研制及免疫试验

用副鸡嗜血杆菌分离株A和W菌液等比例混合制成油乳剂灭活疫苗接种40日龄试验鸡,结果显示,试验鸡在接种后21d、90d时对A和W株的保护率均达100oA;接种130日龄成年鸡,接种后9个月时对A和W株的保护率达92％,效果优于商品疫苗。表明用本地区分离株制得疫苗可以对本地鸡传染性鼻炎起到很好的预防作用。     

鸡抗鹿链球菌卵黄抗体的研制与初步治疗实验

用链球菌灭活菌苗免疫产蛋母鸡，监测卵黄抗体效价达到试验要求收集鸡蛋，提取卵黄中的卵黄免疫球蛋白（IgY）。临床发病鹿群用药物和IgY配合治疗，观察IgY的作用和疗效。     

日粮中添加不同剂量中草药对蛋鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫效果的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同剂量中草药对蛋鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫效果的影响。选用240只100日龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,不添加任何添加剂;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%中草药添加剂。结果表明,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组蛋鸡血清中新城疫抗体效价、雏鸡血清中新城疫母源抗体效价均显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）,且试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组、对照组和试验Ⅰ组之间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。提示,在免疫注射疫苗的同时日粮中添加1.0%或1.5%中草药添加剂,可提高蛋鸡新城疫抗体效价,增强机体的免疫力。     

鹅副粘病毒油乳剂灭活疫苗的研制

鹅副粘病毒(Goose’s Paramyxovirus)病是1997年扬州大学王永坤教授等发现的一种新的鹅的烈性传染病,该病使10日龄以内的雏鹅发病率和死亡率均达到100%,平均发病率和死亡率分别为27.7%和18.2%。用含该病毒的鸡胚尿囊液做成水相制出油包水型油乳佐剂灭活疫苗。从该疫苗的免疫结果来看,疫苗在免疫后第7d即可产生抗体(平均为4 1og2),第15 d可达到91og2;从免疫保护试验看,免疫后15 d,用强毒攻击,免疫组全部保护,而对照组.20只鹅全部发病,其中有18只死亡。从区域性中试调查结果来看,该苗安全、有效,能较好地控制该病的发生。     

猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗种毒株的筛选

为筛选满足猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗制苗要求的毒株,选择河南省8个地区的8株猪圆环病毒2型分离株进行抗原性分析,将各分离株培养后用不同滴度的病毒原液和其分别稀释至同一滴度(4.233×10⁴拷贝/μL)的病毒液分别制成油佐剂灭活疫苗,免疫小鼠后采血测定其抗体动态水平,以进行免疫效力评价。结果显示,8株圆环病毒2型分离株中8#和12#分离株原液制备的疫苗免疫后诱导产生的抗体水平较高,二免后1周抗体水平即高于1∶800,达到猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗的国家质量标准要求,3周时达到高峰,比对照商品疫苗诱导产生的抗体水平更高;其分别稀释130倍和463倍后制备的疫苗诱导产生的抗体水平在二免后3周也能达到1∶800。提示,猪圆环病毒2型8#和12#分离株毒价高,免疫效力良好,是理想的疫苗候选株。本研究丰富了猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗毒株的种毒资源,为研制高质量的猪圆环病毒2型疫苗奠定了基础。     

Effect of a live reovirus vaccine on reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens and development of viral tenosynovitis in progeny.

A live commercial reovirus vaccine, Enterovax, was administered to adult broiler breeder hens via the drinking water to determine its efficacy in stimulation of circulating antibody. This vaccine was compared with a commercial inactivated reovirus vaccine. Only the inactivated product resulted in increased antibody as measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, the live reovirus vaccine caused diarrhea in the hens and decreased eggshell quality, fertility, and hatchability. In addition, the live vaccine virus was vertically transmitted from hens to their progeny, resulting in increased embryonic mortality and viral tenosynovitis.     

Protection conferred by a live Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine against fowl typhoid in laying hens

Fowl typhoid is under control in poultry farms of developed countries, but it still endemically subsists in commercial laying hen farms of some countries. It has been demonstrated that Salmonella live vaccines can elicit cross-immunity against members of the same Kauffmann-White scheme serogroup. In this work, we explored the protection conferred by TAD Salmonella vac E, a live Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis vaccine, against fowl typhoid. Three groups of laying hens were vaccinated with different vaccination schedules starting on the first day of life, and afterwards were infected with 2 x 10(5) CFU of a virulent Salmonella Gallinarum strain, either at wk 28 or wk 52. Mortality, fecal shedding, and organ invasion of Salmonella Gallinarum were assessed. In this work we demonstrated that this Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine is able to cross-immunize against Salmonella Gallinarum. At wk 28, hens vaccinated with three oral doses or with two oral doses combined with one subcutaneous dose were protected by the vaccine. At wk 52, when hens were infected 36 wk after the final immunization, the vaccine was not able to confer protection. Thus, revaccination every 3 mo would be highly recommended. In countries where Salmonella Gallinarum subsists together with Salmonella Enteritidis, control programs should include vaccination of laying hens using safe attenuated Salmonella strains.