长柄扁桃种子催芽试验探讨

长柄扁桃俗称"野樱桃",蔷薇科扁桃属落叶灌木,曾广泛分布于陕北、内蒙古、甘肃等地区,长柄扁桃耐干旱瘠薄、抗风沙、适应性强;种仁内含有大量不饱和脂肪酸,具有广阔的开发前景。但在自然条件下,长柄扁桃种子出苗率低、死亡率高,笔者在生产中对长柄扁桃种子进行催芽试     

榆林沙区发展生物质能源植物长柄扁桃的前景分析

针对长柄扁桃具有的优良固沙、水土保持以及油料作物的特性,本文分析了榆林发展长柄扁桃生物质能源植物的社会背景、长柄扁桃在国内外开发利用现状和榆林沙区发展长柄扁桃生物质能源的优势等,阐述了榆林沙区发展长柄扁桃生物质能源和生态环境保护的重要性和现实意义。     

3种不同生活型植物幼苗水分生理特征的比较研究

对长柄扁桃、榆树、驼绒藜幼苗水分生理特征进行比较研究,结果表明:生活在样地土壤含水量为7.24%的榆树、长柄扁桃和驼绒藜自然含水量分别为64.13%、68.41%和67.53%,束缚水与自由水比值为1.33、1.01和1.24,其自然饱和亏为10.06%、17.94%和15.78%。持水力测定表明,长柄扁桃持水力曲线斜率最大,榆树和驼绒藜的相近。PV曲线分析表明,长柄扁桃的Ψπ100和Ψπ0值最低,驼绒藜其次。榆树的εmax值最大,为7.97 MPa,长柄扁桃的为7.08 MPa,驼绒藜的为3.21 MPa。蒸腾速率日程变化分析表明,榆树蒸腾作用"午休"现象最明显,驼绒藜的"午休"现象不很明显。     

蒙古扁桃育苗技术

蒙古扁桃属蔷薇科桃属灌木,别名野杏树。蒙古扁桃分布于内蒙古西部、甘肃河西走廊及宁夏等地,是耐旱的小灌木,其种仁可食用及药用,可作燃料,牲畜亦喜啃食其     

长柄扁桃的产业化前景分析

长柄扁桃分布广,适应性强,是生物质能源的重要原材料之一。本文结合长柄扁桃的油料产品开发,指出了其产业化发展的制约因素,构建了长柄扁桃的产业化体系框架,探讨了其在政策、制度和科技等方面的保障措施,对长柄扁桃的产业化开发具有重要的指导意义。     

浅谈优良治沙与油料灌木树种长柄扁桃的开发与利用

本文从长柄扁桃的生态环境效益,以及其可开发成高档食用油、生物柴油、医药原料、蛋白粉、饲料和活性炭等项经济效益出发,综合分析了长柄扁桃开展的自身优势、产品开发现状、产业发展前景等诸多因素,提出了长柄扁桃产业发展存在的问题及建议。     

沙地长柄扁桃研究进展

回顾了长柄扁桃(Amygdalus predunculata Pall.)在种质资源与分布、种苗繁育与引种栽培、植物形态学与生理学特性和综合效益等领域取得的重要进展。针对长柄扁桃当前的研究现状及进展,提出应加强长柄扁桃林地蒸散耗水规律及水量平衡过程、适宜栽植密度及田间优化管理等3个方面的研究。以期为加快推进长柄扁桃研究,服务于区域生态环境建设及经济发展提供理论依据。     

晋北半干旱风沙区长柄扁桃引种试验

在比长柄扁桃种源地更加寒冷、干旱的晋北半干旱风沙区开展长柄扁桃引种试验,结果表明,造林成活率在不浇水条件下达到91. 67%,苗木根系发育良好,新梢生长旺盛,实现了育苗技术本土化。长柄扁桃表现出优良的抗逆性,能够适应晋北半干旱风沙区的气候。     

优良固沙与油料灌木长柄扁桃在毛乌素沙地治沙中的应用

针对近年来国内外对长柄扁桃研究、保护现状以及产业开发情况,从基础研究和应用研究两方面出发,系统的总结长柄扁桃的生长发育规律、引种栽培、扩繁以及综合利用等方面最新成果,根据当前长柄扁桃培育、扩繁、营林及产业化开发方面存在的问题及不足,提出亟待解决的思路及对策。以期对长柄扁桃的进一步认识、研究和资源的开发利用提供参考。     

濒危野生长柄扁桃叶片表型性状的多样性

长柄扁桃Amygdalus pcdunculata是适合沙区和荒山荒地栽培的濒危生态经济林树种,为了对目前国内长柄扁桃资源情况进行评估,对蒙陕交界7个长柄扁桃天然居群的叶片表型性状多样性进行了研究。采用统计分析的方法对462个野生长柄扁桃个体叶片表型性状的变异类型、变异规律、叶长变异程度及类型、叶宽变异程度及类型、叶长宽比变异程度及类型及叶柄长变异程度、类型进行研究。结果表明:野生长柄扁桃叶片长宽比变异较大,变异系数达0.36,其次是叶宽、叶柄长、叶长,变异系数分别为0.30、0.24、0.22;野生长柄扁桃按照叶长范围0.94~4.52 mm,可分为LⅠ~LⅨ共9个类型;叶宽分布范围在0.39~2.55 mm,可分为WⅠ~WⅧ共8个类型;叶长宽比范围在0.84~5.93之间,分为LWⅠ~LWⅥ共6个类型;叶柄长范围在0.29~1.53 mm之间,分为Ls~LsⅥ共6个类型;长柄扁桃叶片性状与叶长、叶宽、叶柄和长宽比呈极显著正相关;叶宽与叶柄长呈极显著正相关,而与长宽比呈极显著负相关。野生长柄扁桃叶片变异类型丰富,天然居群呈现明显的片段化分布,建议加强对野生长柄扁桃资源收集保护力度,防止珍贵野生资源濒临灭绝。     

西藏核桃叶片和坚果表型多样性及其相关关系研究

我国西藏地区地处青藏高原的核心区域,区内山系纵横交错,海拔落差大,形成许多独特的区域小气候特征[1],为中国核桃(Juglans regia L.)的主产区之一。这里核桃遗传资源丰富,包含了实生农家类型以及天然居群等不同类型的群体,另外,西藏的     

Selection of promising chestnuts (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Castanea sativa</Emphasis>) among wild growing trees from southern Mediterranean region forests of Turkey

Turkey ranked third place in the world for chestnut production after China and South Korea and the country has unique chestnut forests including valuable and diverse chestnut genotypes. This study was conducted to select superior chestnut genotypes within seedling populations found in natural wild grown chestnut forest located in Isparta province in Turkey during 2010–2011 years. A total of 2500 wild grown chestnut trees were examined on the field first year and among them the most promising 22 genotypes were chosen according to relatively high yield capacity, earliness, tolerance to chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), ink disease (Phytopthora cambivora), and fruit quality characteristics. The selected 22 genotypes were evaluated for their detailed morphological, phenological and pomological traits in 2010 and 2011. According to average of 2 years, nut weight, the number of nut per kilogram, nut width, nut length, nut height and nut shell thickness of 22 promising genotypes ranged from 10.26 to 22.32 g, 97.47 to 44.80/kg, 26.80 to 42.47, 16.92 to 25.91, 27.74 to 39.73, and 0.26 to 1.01 mm, respectively. The ash, crude protein, and total fat content of kernels were between 0.85 to 1.94, 3.69 to 7.06 and 1.32 to 4.52, respectively. The genotypes were evaluated with weighted ranking method and the highest general quality score was observed in genotypes of IY17, IY01, IY42, IY43 and IY12.     

Biogeographic differences in cone, needle and seed morphology among natural Picea asperata populations in Western China

This study represents a geographical approach to morphological variation of cones, needles and seeds in natural dragon spruce (Picea asperata Mast.) populations across western China and the relationship between morphological traits and weather variation for the origins of populations. Significant differences were found for all cone, needle and seed traits among populations and trees within populations. The coefficients of variation in 2 higher latitude populations were higher than those in other populations in all traits except for needle width and seed width. Fairly high within-population variability was also detected for cone dry weight, seed dry weight and needle traits in this study. Cone length, cone width, cone dry weight, seed scale length, seed scale width and seed wing length were strongly positively intercorrelated. Seed length and seed dry weight showed a significantly positive correlation with seed wing length. And needle width showed a significant negative correlation with cone traits, seed scale length, seed wing length and seed length. The higher the annual mean temperature, the higher the average cone length. This study also revealed a negative linear dependence on latitude: the higher the latitude, the lower the population average seed length. Seed dry weight was positively and linearly related with altitude.     

Biogeographic Differences in Cone, Needle and Seed Morphology among Natural Picea asperata Populations in Western China

This study represents a geographical approach to morphological variation of cones, needles and seeds in natural dragon spruce （Picea asperata Mast.） populations across western China and the relationship between morphological traits and weather variation for the origins of populations. Significant differences were found for all cone, needle and seed traits among populations and trees within populations. The coefficients of variation in 2 higher latitude populations were higher than those in other populations in all traits except for needle width and seed width. Fairly high within-population variability was also detected for cone dry weight, seed dry weight and needle traits in this study. Cone length, cone width, cone dry weight, seed scale length, seed scale width and seed wing length were strongly positively intercorrelated. Seed length and seed dry weight showed a significantly positive correlation with seed wing length. And needle width showed a significant negative correlation with cone traits, seed scale length, seed wing length and seed length. The higher the annual mean temperature, the higher the average cone length. This study also revealed a negative linear dependence on latitude： the higher the latitude, the lower the population average seed length. Seed dry weight was positively and linearly related with altitude.     

野生香榧种实性状变异研究

通过对安徽黟县、浙江富阳市、建德市3个地区野生香榧种实形态指标进行分析,结果表明:(1)香榧在产地间性状差异较小(仅鲜重出核率表现出显著性差异),变异幅度最大的为建德地区,其次为黟县地区,富阳地区相对较小;(2)产地内株间各项性状均表现出极显著差异,变异幅度最大的是单种重(CV=26.33%),其次为单核重(CV=27.20%),最小的为核径(CV=9.21%);(3)香榧种实的重量与长、径的大小呈极显著线性相关,与长径比相关性不显著;香榧种子的大小和重量与其出核率呈负相关.     

Domestication of Irvingia gabonensis: 2. The selection of multiple traits for potential cultivars from Cameroon and Nigeria.

Ten fruit and kernel traits were assessed in 24 fruits of each of 152Irvingia gabonensis trees in three distinct populations in west and central Africa [2 populations of non-planted trees in Cameroon: Nko'ovos II (21 trees) and Elig-Nkouma (31 trees) and 1 population of planted trees in Nigeria: Ugwuaji (100 trees)]. Strong relationships were found between fruit weight and other fruit traits (e.g. flesh weight[r ² = 0.99: P < 0.001],fruit length [r ² = 0.74–0.83:P < 0.001], fruit width[r ² = 0.77–0.88: P< 0.001]). In contrast, relationships between kernel weight and other kernel/nut traits (e.g. shell weight and nut weight) were found to be weak[r ² = 0.009–0.37, P =0.058–0.001], with the exception of nut weight at Nko'ovos II(r ² = 0.65, P < 0.001).Relations hips between fruit and kernel traits (fruit massv. kernel mass, fruit mass v. shell mass, flesh mass v. kernel mass, nut massv. fruit mass and flesh depth v.kernel mass) were found to be very weak. This indicates that domestication through the selection and vegetative propagation of multiple-trait superior phenotypes is unlikely to be able to combine good fruit characteristics and good kernel characteristics within cultivars. Consequently, domestication activities should independently focus on ideotypes representing: 'fresh fruit' traits, and 'kernel' traits, that combine high values of the different fruit and kernel characteristics respectively. Evidence from this study indicates that selection of the three trees closest to the fruit ideotype per village as the mother plants for vegetative propagation and cultivar development, should give village level gains of 1.3 – 2-fold in fruit mass, and up to 1.5-fold in taste. Similarly for the kernel ideotype, selection of the three trees with the best fit would give potential gains in kernel mass of 1.4 – 1.6-fold. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

栀子野生居群叶片和果实性状的表型多样性

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis)为茜草科止血、消肿等作用,在中医临床常用于治疗黄疸型肝(Rubiaceae)栀子属(Gardenia)常绿灌木,广泛分布炎、扭挫伤、高血压、糖尿病等症[2];作为优质的天然于长江以南各省区[1],它是重要的森林食品及药材色素,其提取物常添加在面条、糖果等食品中[3-4];资源。其干燥成熟果实具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、因其果肉含有抗癌作用的藏红花素、藏红花酸、苦红     

同一区域不同分布高度葛萝槭表型性状变异分析

为了解同一区域不同分布高度葛萝槭种群表型变异程度及变异规律,对来自河北省灵寿县五岳寨地区3个分布高度葛萝槭种群进行单果质量、单果皮质量、果长、果宽、果厚、果实长宽比、单种质量、种长、种宽、种厚、种子长宽比及种子千粒质量等12个表型性状进行观测,采用平均值、变异系数、方差分析及相关性分析等方法进行分析.结果 表明:同一区...     

Phenotypic variation in fruit and seed morphology of Adansonia digitata L. (baobab) in five selected wild populations in Malawi

Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) is widely distributed throughout Sub-Saharan Africa stretching from Senegal to Sudan, and from Ethiopia to Natal. Information of phenotypic and genetic variation is a prerequisite for the domestication and improvement of baobab fruits from the wild. A study was done to determine within and between provenance variability in fruit and seed characteristics of five populations selected from four silvicultural zones and assess whether morphometric traits could delineate populations from different zones into land races. Fruits were characterized from 55 trees representing a wide geographical range. Six fruit traits and three individual seed traits were assessed. Results showed highly significant differences (P????0.001) in fruit, pulp, and seed weight, fruit length and width, number of seed, individual seed weight, seed length and width within and between populations. Mean fruit weight ranged from 125.8?±?3.25 to 162.9?±?3.25?g, seed weight ranged from 38.6?±?2.5 to 66?±?2.01?g and pulp weight ranged from 28.7?±?1.33 to 41.4?±?1.33?g. Single seed weight showed pronounced evidence of divergence of populations into ecotypes. The rich diversity found between and within populations is important for domestication purposes and tree improvement through selection and breeding. All populations could be used for seed source but distribution should be consciously done recognizing existence of races.     

黄连木天然群体表型变异与多样性研究

以11个黄连木天然群体为试材,对18个表型性状的变异与多样性进行分析,结果表明:黄连木表型性状存在极其丰富的群体间和群体内变异,各性状间的变异系数相差较大,变幅为4.249%~27.31%,果实性状的变异系数最小,受较高的遗传控制。群体间平均表型分化系数VST为22.27%,说明群体内变异是黄连木遗传变异的主要来源,采用聚类分析的方法,把11个群体分为4类,表型性状与地理气候因子相关分析表明除百果重、千粒重、种长几个性状外,多数表型性状随地理位置的改变没有明显的变化,但有随着经度、纬度的增加而逐渐增大趋势。