射频识别(RFID)技术在动物食品溯源中的应用

文章介绍了近年来国内外在动物食品溯源方面的发展动态,针对射频识别技术在动物食品溯源应用中的现状与前景进行分析,给出动物溯源技术发展趋势的相关预测,并结合近几年我国食品安全溯源的发展,提出动物食品溯源方面的关键技术与存在问题,阐述射频识别对于动物食品溯源技术的重要意义。     

基于RFID技术的水产品供应链中信息管理的研究

介绍了我国水产品的发展,剖析了水产品供应链技术的发展现状。针对我国水产品供应链中存在的信息不明、滞后、失真等问题,提出将RFID技术应用到水产品供应链中,通过电子标签记录水产品物流中生产物流、加工物流和销售物流的重要信息,包括生产、加工、仓储、运输和销售5个环节。首先提炼出水产品物流中各环节的关键信息,对信息进行标准化编码,建立适用于电子标签编码规则的编码生成平台,实现对水产品过程中信息有效的管理,为水产品的质量安全可追溯系统提供重要的信息。     

河南省农产品供应链SWOT分析

近年来,由于河南省农业经济的快速发展,对农产品供应链的发展提出了更高的要求.为此,介绍了农产品供应链的特点和发展模式,并对河南省农产品供应链进行了SWOT分析,阐述了河南省农产品供应链的优势、劣势、面临的挑战和机遇以及存在的主要问题,最后提出加强农产品供应链管理的可行性建议.     

Development and challenges of green food in China

Green food in China refers to a wide array of primary and processed agricultural products that are safe, nutritious and of high quality for human consumption. Green food has been certified and produced following the principle of sustainability since the 1990s, making historic achievements in providing quality food, protecting the environment, increasing farmer income, and nurturing agricultural brands over the past 30 years in China. Today, the green food industry enters a steady-growth stage in terms of cultivation area, product number and sales. This article summarizes the history of the development of green food in China and current achievements, analyze major challenges that may hamper further development of the industry, and propose strategies to address these challenges, i.e., optimization of the food supply chain, deep food processing, and utilization of food wastes.     

Urban agriculture of the future: an overview of sustainability aspects of food production in and on buildings

Innovative forms of green urban architecture aim to combine food, production, and design to produce food on a larger scale in and on buildings in urban areas. It includes rooftop gardens, rooftop greenhouses, indoor farms, and other building-related forms (defined as “ZFarming”). This study uses the framework of sustainability to understand the role of ZFarming in future urban food production and to review the major benefits and limitations. The results are based on an analysis of 96 documents published in accessible international resources. The analysis shows that ZFarming has multiple functions and produces a range of non-food and non-market goods that may have positive impacts on the urban setting. It promises environmental benefits resulting from the saving and recycling of resources and reduced food miles. Social advantages include improving community food security, the provision of educational facilities, linking consumers to food production, and serving as a design inspiration. In economic terms it provides potential public benefits and commodity outputs. However, managing ZFarming faces several challenges. For some applications, the required technologies are known but have not been used or combined in that way before; others will need entirely new materials or cultivation techniques. Further critical aspects are the problem of high investment costs, exclusionary effects, and a lack of acceptance. In conclusion, ZFarming is seen as an outside-the-box solution which has some potential in generating win–win scenarios in cities. Nevertheless, ZFarming practices are not in and of themselves sustainable and need to be managed properly.     

Evaluation of sensor readability and thermal relevance for RFID temperature tracking

Radio frequency identification (RFID) offers a way to satisfy the current needs of the produce industry for product identification and cool chain preservation. The main challenges for RFID temperature tracking in produce cool chain monitoring are the produce's high-water content and the cost. Water absorbs radio frequency energy decreasing read range and limiting sensor placement. Whereas cost limits the number of sensors that may be used in a viable system. Therefore, the minimal number of sensor placements that maximize the representation of the temperatures of the product in pallets of high-water content produce must be determined. The objectives of the research presented in this paper were: To identify a location able to represent 85% of the temperatures present in a pallet of bottled water mimicking produce when subjected to heating and cooling conditions similar to the loading-unloading process. And second, to assess the readability and read range of a commercially available RFID battery assisted passive tag in this thermally relevant position so as to determine whether it would be read at the required distance for the supply chain. A single location representing 85% of the temperatures in the pallet was not found; consequently, it was suggested using a location with a temperature that would be the middle point of an interval that gathers the temperature readings of approximately 85% of the measured locations. In addition, results indicate that tag readability and read range in this position vary depending on the configuration of the side of the pallet facing the antennas and the amount of air in the surroundings of the RFID tag.     

尖孢镰刀菌的应用研究进展

尖孢镰刀菌是一种重要的真菌资源,对其在农业、工业生产、食品安全和人类健康等方面的研究与应用具有重要意义。在农业方面,尖孢镰刀菌主要用于生物防控植物病害和杂草、农药研发及植物生长等研究；在工业方面尖孢镰刀菌主要用于生产有机酸、酶、其他代谢产物、工业污染处理及食品安全等研究。近年来针对尖孢镰刀菌应用的研究日益增多,本文综述了尖孢镰刀菌在多领域的应用,为促进之后实际生产中应用尖孢镰刀菌的研究方向及挑战提供解决思路。     

A yield mapping system for hand-harvested fruits based on RFID and GPS location technologies: field testing

It is proposed that radio frequency identification (RFID) technology be used to overcome the limitations of existing yield mapping systems for manual fresh fruit harvesting. Two methods are proposed for matching bins—containing harvested fruits—with corresponding pairs of trees. In the first method, a long-range RFID reader and a DGPS are mounted on an orchard tractor and passive low-cost RFID tags are attached to the bins. In the second method, the DGPS is not used and RFID tags are attached to individual trees as well as bins. An experimental evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of both methods was performed in an orchard. The first method failed in half of the trials because the tree canopies interfered with the GPS signal. The RFID reader miss ratio for the detection of the bins was 0.32% for both methods. However, the attachment of RFID tags on suitable tree branches (to achieve 100% detection), in the second method, is not a well-defined procedure; some trial is demanded to determine the best positions and orientations of the tree tags in order for the RFID reader to successfully detect them. The first method seems more promising if robust tractor location under foliage can be achieved.     

食品产业高质量发展研究——来自江西的实践

食品工业是国民经济的重要支柱产业,食品产业高质量发展不仅事关全民福祉,也有利于培育经济增长新动能和助力经济社会高质量发展。本文以江西省为例,采用质性研究方法,分析当前食品产业的现实基础和存在问题,探索食品产业高质量发展的实施路径和支持政策。研究表明,近年来食品产业的发展规模得到显著提升,食品安全法律法规体系和监管制度在逐渐完善,市场监管力度和技术创新实力在不断加强,绿色产业链条在不断健全。但仍存在食品产业链条不强、食品出口竞争力不强、食品安全监管有待提升等问题。为促进食品产业高质量发展,提出了优化食品产业结构布局、加强食品产业科技创新、提升食品产业品牌价值、推动食品产业的绿色可持续、加强食品产业人才培养与引进的实施路径。同时,需要给予更多政策去引导食品企业明确品牌定位,鼓励开拓国内外市场;完善市场投融资机制,助力食品企业提质发展;完善食品监管体系建设,建立食品安全全过程追溯机制;制定和推行绿色生产标准体系,提高产品市场竞争力和消费者认可度。     

Global challenges of food safety for China

Ever since the Melamine event, China has faced challenges of food safety both domestically and globally. With the economic development, the Chinese consumers are demanding high quality, nutritious, and safe foods from the food industry but are not willing to pay higher prices. The Chinese food chain system of mostly small and medium enterprises presents challenges to the government to monitor and implement food safety laws and regulations. The academia and media are learning to take on their responsibilities with some success. Discussions and potential solutions of the global challenges of the five pillars for the food safety in China are presented here.     

动物蛋白源抗氧化肽的研究进展

氧化不仅影响食品的质量而且危害人体健康,因此抗氧化一直是生命科学领域的研究热点之一。动物蛋白源抗氧化肽在食品和生物体中表现出了有效的抗氧化活性（如清除自由基、抑制油脂氧化和螯合金属离子等）;当它作为功能性原料时还具有增强人体健康的作用,因此动物蛋白源抗氧化肽被认为是一种安全的抗氧化物质,得到越来越多的关注。文中介绍了动物蛋白源抗氧化肽的研究状况,阐述了影响抗氧化肽抗氧化能力的因子和抗氧化能力的测定方法,并预测了抗氧化肽的应用前景与面临的挑战。     

鱼类干细胞育种技术回顾与展望

鱼类是优质动物蛋白的重要来源,其中养殖鱼类占重要地位,而通过选择育种、杂交育种等传统方法和分子辅助育种、基因编辑等新技术培育优良品种是鱼类养殖业健康持续发展的关键.近年来,鱼类干细胞技术特别是细胞移植和诱导技术快速发展,为鱼类优良品种培育提供了新的技术途径.介绍了鱼类干细胞育种的现状及应用,总结了鱼类干细胞育种技术面临...     

乳酮糖研究进展

乳酮糖是一种人工合成的双糖,在医学上一直用于治疗肝性脑病和便秘。由于乳酮糖还具有双歧杆菌的高增殖活性等独特功能,目前已作为一种新型的功能性低聚糖应用于食品领域。对乳酮糖的物化性质及生理功能、合成方法、应用研究等方面进行了综述。     

我国食品物理加工科技创新的机遇与挑战

食品物理加工是现代物理学和工程技术与传统食品产业深度融合而产生的食品加工新领域。为了推动食品物理加工科技创新,从我国的食品产业发展现状、存在问题、发展建议等方面探讨了食品物理加工科技创新的形势和机遇;通过对食品物理加工内涵和外延的阐释,分析了其对食品产业的影响;并从加强食品物理学科建设、优化物理加工创新链部署、建立食品物理加工科技创新交流机制三个方面对我国食品物理加工科技创新发展提出了建议。     

数字技术赋能农业强省建设的作用机制与对策研究——以河南省为例

数字技术与农业发展、农村建设、农民生活有机结合,成为推动农业强省建设的重要动力。近年来,数字技术在赋能河南省粮食安全、产业韧性、乡村建设、乡村治理、农民增收等方面效应初显,但也面临着数字基础设施薄弱、农业全产业链数字化水平总体较低、数字化转型技术支撑不足、农村数字化人才缺乏等挑战。为此,需从加强数字基础设施建设、推动数产深度融合、强化数字技术创新、建设数字人才队伍等方面提升数字技术的赋能效应。     

多边机制下的国际农业合作与治理模式探析*——以欧洲—地中海对话网络和金砖国家机制合作为例

随着全球粮食安全、营养、可持续发展等挑战的多元化趋势显著,单边主义和保护主义越来越无法有效地解决上述长期困扰农业发展的矛盾。而丰富多样的多边机制为解决上述挑战带来了新思维和解决之道。意大利欧洲—地中海对话网络作为一个新兴的地区间多边力量,在新形势下在地区间的农业合作方面可以通过与金砖国家机制等多边力量合作发挥出独特的作用。文章以该地中海对话机制近年来积极参与世界粮食安全等议题为基础,结合金砖国家合作机制的优势,分析了上述两种机制开展合作的前景,提出了我国今后加强多边机制下参与全球农业治理行动的有关建议。     

土壤作物系统中重金属污染的植物修复技术研究现状与前景

土壤与作物作为一个密不可分的系统通过食物链与人类健康问题总是息息相关,土壤作物系统中重金属污染是全球面临的一个急待解决的环境问题。近年来新兴的污染土壤植物修复技术,利用绿色植物来固定、提取土壤中的重金属以降低或清除其对环境的毒害。此方法与传统的土壤污染治理技术相比,具有成本低、不破坏环境、保护人类健康和易为大众接受等优点。本文在系统地介绍植物修复技术的类型、机理、研究现状及存在的主要问题的基础上,对当前比较流行的分子生物技术、基因工程技术在提高植物修复能力中的应用进行了探讨,并对植物修复技术今后发展的方向、需要解决的问题及其应用前景进行了展望。     

Participatory organic certification in Mexico: an alternative approach to maintaining the integrity of the organic label

Over the past two decades the growth of the organic sector has been accompanied by a shift away from first party, or peer review, systems of certification and towards third party certification, in which a disinterested party is responsible for the development of organic standards and the verification of producer compliance. This paper explores some of the limitations of the third party certification model and presents the case of Mexico as an example of how an alternative form of participatory certification has emerged. The paper suggests that participatory guarantee systems (PGS) are reflective of the growing “beyond organic” movement, which focuses on reconstructing the local and re-embedding food systems into their socio-ecological contexts. It argues that PGS offers a number of benefits for producers and consumers, particularly in the South, but that it faces a number of challenges as well, such as a lack of formal recognition, social conflicts and dependence on donated resources.     

Review on drivers,trends and emerging issues of the food wastage in China

China has successfully achieved food self-sufficiency over the past 50 years, however, with large inputs and losses. To meet the challenge of feeding a growing population with limited resources, many studies have explored options for improving productivity and efficiency of the food production. However, there have been few studies into the potential of reducing food loss along the whole food production-consumption chain. Here we review the literature on food waste in China. We briefly analyze (1) the drivers that influence levels of food waste in the food chain, (2) examine trends in the volumes and types of food wasted at different stages in the food chain, (3) assess the environmental and resource consequences of food waste in the food chain, and (4) evaluate the policy and stakeholder responses to the emerging challenges. It is concluded that reducing food loss and meeting food security in China requires a coherent institutional structure that promotes the synergistic outcomes of research, policy and education. Suggested key actions include (1) improving machinery and facility for sowing, harvesting, transportation and storage, which can reduce food loss by up to 50%, and (2) improving food waste recycling management, based on coupled food production and consumption systems.     

The rhizosphere microbial complex in plant health: A review of interaction dynamics

Climate change, urbanization, and population increase limit food availability. To sustain human existence, there is the need to increase food and agricultural production to mitigate the impact of these factors. Scientists have been working for years on ways to increase food production. From plant breeding techniques to soil science, scientists have made tremendous progress. The rhizobiome has been proven to be important to crop production, and the impact of the rhizobiome on plant health cannot be overemphasized. Being rich in diverse complex microbial interactions, the rhizosphere has become a major force in recent plant growth promotion studies. The upsurge in next-generation sequencing applications with the various “omics” technologies is helping to unearth information relating to rhizosphere impact on plant growth. Explaining the complex interactions between and across microbial species present in the rhizosphere is important to further enhance our understanding of their mechanistic and mutualistic functions. Knowledge from this can be used in rhizosphere biome engineering for improved plant growth and yield in the face of the various biotic and abiotic challenges.