猪囊虫和猪带绦虫病实验动物模型的研究进展

建立人-猪囊虫、猪带绦虫替代动物模型的实验技术在解决猪囊虫病研究的材料来源、以及在寄生虫入侵、致病性、免疫机制和宿主特异性等基础理论和临床应用研究中具有重要意义。因此,本文就猪囊虫和猪带绦虫病实验动物模型,尤其对啮齿类动物模型上取得的成就,以及新的研究动态和策略进行概述。目的是提高人们对猪囊虫和猪带绦虫病实验动物模型重要性的认识,促进和加快猪囊虫病研究的步伐,早日在我国有效控制人猪囊虫病。     

猪囊虫病免疫机制及疫苗研究进展

猪囊虫病是由猪带绦虫的幼虫囊尾蚴寄生在猪的肌肉、心脏、脑等处所引起的寄生虫病.该病为人兽共患寄生虫病,囊尾蚴不仅寄生在猪、猫、野猪等体内,还可以寄生在人的脑、心脏等处,引起人的多种类型的囊虫病如皮肤型囊虫病、脑囊虫病(脑实质囊虫病、脑室囊虫病)、心肌囊虫病、口腔囊虫病、眼囊虫病及椎管囊虫病等.人是囊尾蚴的中间宿主,也是其终末宿主.     

猪囊虫病屠宰检疫及防治措施

猪囊虫病属于人畜共患病,不仅对养猪业危害巨大,还会对人类的健康安全造成严重威胁。猪囊虫病的临床表现为病猪被毛杂乱、生长迟缓、机体消瘦等,发病率较高。本文阐释了猪囊虫病屠宰检疫措施和处理措施,从加强检疫措施和加强饲养管理两方面分析了猪囊虫病的预防措施,希望对猪囊虫病的防治提供积极借鉴。     

猪带绦虫病和囊虫病防治研究实践

猪带绦虫病与囊虫病在世界各地均有分布。在我国,猪一旦发生猪带绦虫与囊虫病会造成养猪业的巨大损失,甚至对人体健康造成威胁。因此,应采用灵敏、独特的防治手段,加强对猪带绦虫病与囊虫病的控制。本文对防治猪带绦虫病与囊虫病的相关问题进行分析。     

吉林省猪囊虫病血清流行病学调查与分析

猪囊虫病在我省猪群中普遍存在,部分地区近年来还有扩大的趋势.为进一步摸清我省猪囊虫病的流行情况,给猪囊虫病的综合防治提供科学依据,我们于1988年11月至1989年10月对我省7个地区的猪群抽样进行了猪囊虫病血清流行病学调查.现将调查结果报告如下:     

猪几种寄生虫病的病理变化与处理

1囊虫病 猪囊虫病是人畜共患的疾病。产生猪囊尾蚴病的主要原因是由于生猪饲养管理中的卫生问题,形成了人和猪之间人（粪）-猪（肉）-人的恶性循环。即猪接触到含有绦虫孕卵节片的人的粪便或被这种粪便污染了的饲料、饮水而患病;人因生吃或吃未煮熟的患有囊虫病的病猪肉而感染绦虫病或囊虫病。     

猪囊虫的危害及病猪识别

猪囊虫的危害及病猪识别猪囊虫病是由猪囊尾蚴（猪囊虫）寄生于猪的肌肉中，所引起的一种寄生虫病。患囊虫病的猪屠宰后，在患猪肌肉中，可见白色半透明、如黄豆大小囊泡状的猪肉囊尾蚴，囊泡内有小米粒大小的白点，群众俗称患囊虫病猪的肉为“米猪肉”。猪是猪囊虫的中间...     

怎样防制消灭猪囊虫病

猪囊虫病是由猪带绦虫的幼虫(猪囊尾蚴或猪囊虫)侵袭猪和人体各部肌肉组织和脑内所引起的疾病。所以猪囊虫是一种人畜共患的寄生虫病。猪带绦虫病是猪带绦虫的成虫寄生在人体小肠里所引起的疾病。人是猪带绦虫的唯一终末宿主,同时又是它的中间宿主。猪带绦虫病患者是猪囊虫病的传染源。由于猪带绦虫病和猪囊虫病在人畜中间循环感染,不仅给养猪业带来巨大的经济损失,更重要的是给公     

应用“治囊灵”防治猪囊虫病的效果观察

应用“治囊灵”防治猪囊虫病的效果观察王云川，赵淑兰，吴宪明，姜宝玉，郭伟，胡海军（黑龙江省克东县兽医卫生防疫站）（克东县畜技术服务中心）为了探索防治猪囊虫病的新途径，我们在推广应用定量血片间接血凝反应诊断猪囊虫病同时，对检出的病猪投给丙硫苯咪陛进行治...     

猪囊虫病的综合防治

猪囊虫病,即猪囊尾蚴病,是由有钩绦虫的幼虫——猪囊虫寄生在猪体内的一种寄生虫病,也是一种危害十分严重的人畜共患的寄生虫病之一。猪囊虫病的病原是猪囊虫。猪囊虫是寄生在人体内有钩绦虫的幼虫。患本病的猪是人有钩绦虫的中间宿主。猪囊虫为白色半透明、黄豆大的囊泡、囊壁为薄膜状,囊内充满透明的液体,囊壁上可见一个绿豆大的白色头节。猪囊虫寄生在肌肉内,以舌肌、咬肌、肩腰部肌、股内侧肌     

Human and porcine Taenia solium infections in Mozambique: identifying research priorities

The objective of this paper is to critically review and summarize available scientific and lay literature, and ongoing studies on human and porcine cysticercosis in Mozambique to identify knowledge gaps and direct immediate and long-term research efforts. Data on the spatial distribution and prevalence of the disease in human and swine populations are scarce and fragmented. Human serological studies have shown that 15-21% of apparently healthy adults were positive for cysticercosis antibodies or antigen, while in neuropsychiatric patients seroprevalence was as high as 51%. Slaughterhouse records indicate a countrywide occurrence of porcine cysticercosis, while studies have shown that 10-35% of pigs tested were seropositive for cysticercosis antibodies or antigen. Current research in Mozambique includes studies on the epidemiology, molecular biology, diagnosis and control of the disease. Future research efforts should be directed at better understanding the epidemiology of the disease in Mozambique, particularly risk factors for its occurrence and spread in human and swine populations, documenting the socio-economic impact of the disease, identifying critical control points and evaluating the feasibility and epidemiological impact of control measures and development of local level diagnostic tools for use in humans and swine.     

猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的研制及应用

从猪带绦虫六钩蚴cDNA文库中筛选目的基因并进行克隆表达，重组抗原用血清学方法和猪体免疫试验进行鉴定，筛选保护性抗原基因。将具有免疫保护作用的重组抗原纯化，并与免疫刺激复合物佐剂结合，制成猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗。对工程菌的培养发酵、重组抗原的下游纯化及疫苗的配制、疫苗的中间试制进行了研究，确定了一套比较完善的生产工艺。应用昆明小鼠建立了猪囊虫病的实验动物模型，应用该模型进行上述疫苗的免疫预防试验，免疫1次和2次的免疫保护率分别为96．9％和98．4％。本动物的免疫预防试验显示，疫苗安全性好，免疫保护率达92．2％，且免疫组发现的囊虫多数已死亡。在流行区进行了田间和区域试验。免疫猪未有不良反应，囊虫感染率分别由20％降为1．1％和5．4％降为0．21％。用该疫苗对人工感染的囊虫病猪进行免疫治疗，发现在感染早期的治疗效果较好。免疫动物的体液免疫和细胞免疫的检测结果显示，该疫苗刺激机体产生抗体的时间早、持续时间长、效价高；可显著提高淋巴细胞转化率及E－RFC和Ea-RFC细胞、ANAE^ 细胞和粗粒型ANAE^ 细胞、抑制／杀伤性T细胞亚群的数量。以上结果表明，用大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原制备的猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗安全、高效，且成本低廉，可规模化生产，有成为预防猪囊虫病的一种新型生物制剂。     

Performance of the ELISA test for swine cysticercosis using antigens of Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysticerci

Studies were conducted to evaluate antigens of Taenia solium (Tso) and Taenia crassiceps (Tcra) cysticerci in the ELISA test for the diagnosis of swine cysticercosis. The samples analyzed were cysticercosis positive and negative control sera and heterologous sera. Four antigens were assayed: vesicular fluid (VF) and crude (T) Tcra and scolex (S) and crude (T) Tso. All antigens showed good performance, but VF-Tcra was the best followed by T-Tcra. Sensitivity rates of ELISA were respectively, in 2nd and 3rd standard deviation cut-offs, 96.0 and 80.0% for the VF antigen and specificity of 97.5 and 100.0%. Cross-reactivity was verified only for hidatidosis and ascaridiosis. Due to the high performance observed, the ELISA test using Tcra antigens should be recommended for the diagnosis of swine cysticercosis.     

应用重组抗原预防猪囊虫病

应用２种重组抗原分别制成免疫刺激复合体疫苗各接种试验猪２次,间隔１４ｄ。第２次接种后７ｄ用有钩绦虫卵感染（２×１０４个／头）。感染后１１６ｄ,９头对照猪共发现１０６７个囊虫,平均１１８．６个／头;免疫Ａ组８头试验猪共发现囊虫５１０个,平均６３．８个／头,减虫率为４６．２％;免疫Ｂ组９头试验猪共发现囊虫８３个,平均９．２个／头,减虫率为９２．２％。在免疫Ｂ组猪体内发现的囊虫发育不全,虫体小,囊液少,囊膜较厚、不透明,呈乳白色,囊虫组织呈退行性病理变化,并伴有大量炎性细胞浸润。免疫动态监测发现,试验猪抗囊虫感染的免疫力主要取决于细胞免疫,而与体液免疫无关。试验猪血清循环抗原（ＣＡ）检测结果与剖检所见囊虫数量密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。由此认为,ＣＡ检测是简便易行、效果可靠的现场实用技术。     

Comparative evaluation of an indirect ELISA test for diagnosis of swine cysticercosis employing antigen from Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps metacestodes

Taenia solium cysticercosis is still a serious public health problem in several countries where poverty and lack of hygiene favor transmission. Because pigs are the primary intermediate hosts, prevalence of porcine cysticercosis is a reliable indicator of active transmission zones. Serological diagnostic methods are important tools for epidemiological studies since they can be applied to living animals on a large scale. Four antigen preparations (cyst fluid and crude) from T. solium and T. crassiceps metacestodes were compared for swine cysticercosis diagnosis by indirect ELISA (IE). Twenty-eight serum samples from swine naturally and experimentally infected by cysticerci of T. solium and 56 serum samples from swine reared in commercial herds were tested. Best results of overall sensitivity were obtained by the use of cyst fluid and crude antigen of T. crassiceps metacestode (100 and 96.4%, respectively). Using homologous antigen preparations we have observed higher specificity percentage (98.2% for cyst fluid and 96. 4% for crude metacestode T. solium antigen). We concluded that sensitivity is of far more importance than specificity for identification of endemic areas in order to prevent transmission to man. We conclude, therefore, that IE performed with cyst fluid antigen of T. crassiceps metacestode is a better tool for that purpose.     

酶标葡萄球菌A蛋白染色法用于猪囊尾蚴病诊断的初步研究

用自制的猪囊尾蚴头节“颗粒性抗原”,以HRP—SPA作为第二抗体,进行间接免疫酶染色诊断猪囊尾蚴病。检测61份猪囊尾蚴病血清,阳性59份,检出率为96.6％;健康猪血清69份、细颈囊尾蚴病和肺丝虫病猪血清各10份,均为阴性。此法简便易行,快速、准确,适于基层使用。     

A pilot study of common health problems in smallholder pigs in Angónia and Boane districts, Mozambique

A pilot survey was conducted in 2 districts in Mozambique to determine the most important health problems facing smallholder pig producers. While African swine fever is the most serious disease that affects pigs at all levels of production in Mozambique, it is likely that productivity is reduced by the presence of mange and gastrointestinal parasites, while in traditional systems the conditions are favourable for the development of porcine cysticercosis caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, which poses a health risk to communities. Results of the pilot survey confirmed that, with the exception of African swine fever, ecto- and endoparasites are probably the most important health risks for producers. Porcine cysticercosis is more prevalent among pigs in traditional, free-ranging systems, while mange becomes a serious factor when pigs are permanently confined.     

猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗用于免疫治疗的研究

应用猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗分别对实验性猪囊虫病和自然感染的猪囊虫病进行了分组治疗,以探讨该疫苗的免疫治疗作用。１０头人工复制的囊虫病猪,随机分成３组。第１组４头猪,于感染于１个月注射该疫苗,连续３次,间隔１５天;第２组４头猪,于感染后２个月注射疫苗,同上连续３次;第３组２头猪,不注苗。第１组注射疫苗后１个月循环抗原滴度开始降低,２．０、２．５及３．５个月各有１头猪ＣＡ转阴,５个月ＯＤ值分别为０．１４、０．０９、０．１７、０．３８。第２组和第３组各猪血清ＯＤ值一直维持在１．０以上。感染后５个月剖检,第１组４头猪均未检出囊虫;第２组４头猪在咬肌、膈肌、腰肌、股内侧肌、肩胛外侧肌等部位均检测到囊虫,检测部位４０ｃｍ＾２面积发现囊虫３～７个,有部分虫体已钙化,胆汁卵化率为１５．４％;第３组各猪也在各检测部位检测到囊虫,４     

猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的体液与细胞免疫反应

为了探讨以 Ｉ Ｓ Ｃ Ｏ Ｍ 作佐剂的猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的免疫机理,对其诱导的体液免疫与细胞免疫反应进行了测定。用上述疫苗免疫 ９ 头试验猪,采用间接 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 检测体液免疫反应及通过淋巴细胞转化试验、 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ染色试验、 Ｅ玫瑰花环形成试验等检测细胞免疫反应;用该疫苗和铝胶苗分别免疫昆明小鼠各 ２０ 只,分别检测体液免疫反应和 Ｔ 淋巴细胞抑制／杀伤亚群的动态变化。体液免疫的检测结果显示,免疫后 ７ 天即出现抗体,２１ 天后抗体全部转阳,持续的时间不少于 １９３ 天,效价明显高于铝胶苗;细胞免疫检测结果显示,免疫猪外周血 Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率、 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ＋ 细胞和粗粒型 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ＋ 细胞、 Ｅ Ｒ Ｆ Ｃ和 Ｅａ Ｒ Ｆ Ｃ细胞显著升高,免疫小鼠 Ｔ淋巴细胞抑制／杀伤亚群显著升高;与铝胶苗及对照组比较,差异极显著。以上结果表明猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗可同时激发动物的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应,增强了机体的免疫调节功能及杀伤性 Ｔ 淋巴细胞功能。     

青海省猪囊尾蚴病血清学调查

猪囊尾蚴病又称猪囊虫病,是由人的有钩绦虫(猪带绦虫)的幼虫——猪囊尾蚴寄生在猪的肌肉中所引起一种人畜共患寄生虫病。为了摸清青海省猪囊尾蚴感染情况,对来自10个县市的788份猪血清样品采用ELISA方法进行了血清学检测,结果检出阳性样品17份,阳性率为2.16%。