小麦秸秆与菇渣混合基质对黄瓜秧苗质量的影响

采用腐熟小麦秸秆和食用菌菇渣为原料,组成7种复合基质进行黄瓜穴盘育苗。结果表明,腐熟小麦秸秆∶菇渣=3∶1（体积比）是黄瓜育苗的最佳配比基质,不但出苗率高,植株生长健壮,而且成本低,整个苗期不用施肥,可用于育苗和绿色蔬菜生产。     

玉米秸秆、棉籽壳菇渣替代草炭作为番茄和甜椒育苗基质研究

利用腐熟玉米秸秆、棉籽壳菇渣与草炭和蛭石按照不同的比例组配成复合基质,进行番茄和甜椒穴盘育苗的结果表明：番茄穴盘苗培育以等体积的棉籽壳菇渣、草炭、蛭石混配基质的效果最好,其次是等体积玉米秸秆、草炭、蛭石混配的基质;玉米秸秆2 V、蛭石1 V 混配的基质适于甜椒穴盘育苗,其次是等体积的棉籽壳菇渣、草炭、蛭石混配的基质。合理使用腐熟玉米秸秆和棉籽壳菇渣可以减少草炭用量,改善基质理化性状,促进番茄和甜椒幼苗生长,培育优质壮苗。     

棉秆混合基质进行樱桃番茄穴盘育苗试验

采用腐熟棉秆、菇渣、炉渣为原料,组成复合基质进行樱桃番茄穴盘育苗.结果表明:腐熟棉秆:菇渣:炉渣=2:1:1、腐熟棉秆:菇渣:炉渣=3:1:1、腐熟棉秆:菇渣:炉渣=2:1:2三个配比(体积比)是较好的育苗基质,而且成本较低,整个苗期不用施肥.     

甜椒穴盘育苗基质筛选试验

利用菇渣、泥炭、土、中药渣、膨化鸡粪、猪粪等,按一定体积比例配制筛选出甜椒穴盘育苗基质。结果表明菇渣∶泥炭∶膨化鸡粪=2∶1∶0.01;菇渣∶泥炭∶猪粪=∶1∶0.5较适合甜椒穴盘育苗。     

不同配比基质对辣椒穴盘苗质量的影响

试验以腐熟的玉米秸秆、牛粪、草炭、蛭石为原料,按照不同比例配制出6种基质,以辣椒为试验材料进行穴盘育苗。依据不同基质的理化性质以及幼苗生长与生理指标进行综合分析。结果表明,不同配比基质对辣椒幼苗生长和生理指标的影响存在显著差异,其中以处理T5(牛粪∶秸秆∶草炭∶蛭石=5∶1∶2∶2,体积比)在基质理化性状以及幼苗生长与生理指标上均优于其他处理,与对照(草炭∶蛭石=2∶1,体积比)相当,该处理降低草炭用量46.7%。     

秸秆灰型混合育苗基质对番茄秧苗质量的影响

以秸秆灰、草炭为试材,以番茄品种‘粉冠888’为研究对象,将未经科学处理的秸秆灰和草炭按不同配比混配成混合育苗基质,研究其理化性质及其在番茄穴盘育苗中的应用效果。结果表明:秸秆灰草炭混配基质的理化性质符合穴盘育苗效果要求,处理中混配基质A3(秸秆灰∶草炭(V∶V)=1∶1)育苗效果明显高于对照(草炭∶蛭石(V∶V)=2∶1),A3处理幼苗的壮苗指数和根冠比分别为0.163、0.124,比对照依次高出32.52%、13.76%;综合幼苗生长状况和生理代谢等指标可以确定,秸秆灰混配基质以秸秆灰和草炭等体积混合可以作为番茄穴盘育苗的基质。     

菇渣蛭石复配基质对生菜穴盘育苗的影响

以生菜为试材,采用穴盘基质育苗方法,研究了不同菇渣复配蛭石基质配比对生菜幼苗生理、生化指标的影响,以期为叶菜育苗替代基质选择提供参考依据。结果表明：生菜穴盘基质育苗,基质配比以菇渣∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶2∶1效果最佳,对于促进生菜幼苗生长及品质提升具有明显效果,可部分替代草炭基质作为生菜穴盘苗基质。     

蘑菇渣复合基质特性及对辣椒苗质量的影响

将蘑菇渣、蛭石、珍珠岩按不同配比组成复合基质,进行辣椒穴盘育苗试验.结果表明:不同蘑菇渣复合基质,在相同的苗期管理情况下,对辣椒幼苗生长的影响有显著差异.T1(蘑菇渣∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为1∶1∶1)、T3(蘑菇渣∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为3∶1∶1)复合基质幼苗株高、茎粗、地上部干重、地下部干重、全株干重、壮苗指数都显著大于CK(草炭∶蛭石为2∶1).因此,在辣椒穴盘育苗中可使用蘑菇渣复合基质代替草炭.     

辣椒穴盘育苗基质筛选试验

试用菇渣、玉米秆、土、中药渣、膨化鸡粪、猪粪等,按一定比例配制筛选出辣椒穴盘育苗基质。结果以菇渣：玉米秆：土：猪粪=2：2：1：0．5配制的基质和中药渣：泥碳：土：膨化鸡粪=2：2：1：0．01配制的基质较适合辣椒穴盘育苗。     

不同基质配比对辣椒穴盘苗生长的影响

以辣椒品种‘航椒S605’为试材,以椰糠为主要原料,添加沙子和有机肥,筛选适合新疆和田地区辣椒(Capsicum frutescence L.)穴盘苗生长的椰糠型复合基质配方。采用不同体积比组成6种育苗基质配比的方法进行辣椒穴盘育苗,通过对各复合基质理化性质的测定、分析,辣椒幼苗生长状况、生理指标的观测和比较,研究不同复合基质对辣椒穴盘苗生长的影响。结果表明:椰糠∶沙子∶有机肥=22∶1∶1的辣椒幼苗在株高、茎粗、全株干鲜质量、根体积、壮苗指数、G值以及叶绿素含量方面均优于对照(椰糠∶有机肥=20∶1)及其它处理。其壮苗指数值为0.130 8,高于对照(CK)21.67%。椰糠∶沙子∶有机肥=22∶1∶1的复合基质作为辣椒穴盘幼苗生长的育苗基质,有利于培育辣椒壮苗。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。