Research and implementation on handwritten numeralrecognition technique based on fuzzy mode

Based on simulation and numeral recognition of the 24-bit bmp images of postal codes obtained by CCD transducer, a binarization method based on coloring matter is proposed, which is employed to extract the binary image of the frame line of postal code and the binary image of the mail character separately. The procedure of image processing is analyzed, which includes detecting and separating borderlines of postal code frames, image binarization, smoothing noise-removal, slant rectification, extraction of postal code numerals, position normalization processing, subdivision of digital image, feature extraction of character recognition, and so on. The pretreatment process of image recognition is described. Then, character feature extraction is conducted for pretreated images, while the angle correctness for postal code frames and characters is performed. Finally, the recognition result is determined. In this method, the difficulty of separating frame line from postal code character line is eliminated. In order to improve recognition rate, the combination of many methods of handwritten numeral is used, resulting in improved recognition rate of postal codes. The experiment shows that this method can obtain higher recognition rate, providing reference for the separation technique in postal system.     

PROCESSING OF CHINESE CHARACTERS IN THE REAL-TIME SUPERVISORY SYSTEM

This paper presents a method of solving the problem of Chinese charactor information processing by building special Chinese charaacter library and simplifying Chinese character input/output technique in real-time supervisory system. It is successful to apply this method to the TF-200 Data Processing System. This method can be applied to other similar system. It is feasible to use Chinese characters in the language environment which Operation System (OS) supports.     

巴西橡胶树DUS测试指南研制初探

为加强橡胶树新品种保护工作,在国际新品种保护联盟（UPOV）对DUS测试的基本要求和品种的生物学特性的基础上,制定巴西橡胶树DUS测试指南,阐述了其研制过程,品种测试的特殊性,性状的筛选原则和发展方向等。建议橡胶树DUS测试标准不宜定太高,测试性状要能体现中国育种水平和方向,并遵循UPOV原则。并认为分子标记技术与表型测试技术相结合将逐步成为橡胶树DUS测试的主要手段。     

Extracting the Strokes and Roots of Free Handwritten Chinese Character

The problems of stroke extraction and character root recognition were studied, and the strategies and the algorithms related to the problems were proposed or developed. Based on observing and studying on the writing styles and the composition features of free handwritten Chinese characters, the strategies and the algorithms, which have been showed by experimental results, have the advantages of high degree of steadiness and tolerance to character variance.     

A METHOD FOR THE ORIENTATION OF CHINESE CHARACTERS IN THE INTERFACE PROGRAMMING OF AUTO CAD DXF DOCUMENT

The orientation of Chinese characters is very importantin the interface programming design of Auto CAD DXF documents.Beca-use some parameters are automatically computed by the Auto CADsystem,it is very difficult for Chinese characters to be oriented in DXFinterface programmings.This paper reports the calculating method of ori-ented parameters and the orientation method of Chinese characters in theinterface programming of DXF documents,and gives a general Fortran 77subroutine for the orientation of Chinese characters.The method solves thedifficulty of the orientation of Chinese characters in the interface program-mings of DXF documents,and makes it convenient for various CAD pic-tures to be oriented in Chinese Characters.     

辣椒抗病性、果实营养含量和农艺性状间的典型相关分析

研究了50个辣椒地方品种的单株产量(PFY)、果实性状(FYC)、植株性状(PMC)、抗病性(RDC)和果实营养含量(FNC)两两间的典型相关关系.结果表明,植株性状与果实性状间的相关性最密切,其次是果实营养含量和植株性状、果实性状间,再次是抗病性与果实营养含量间,抗病性与植株性状、果实性状间的相关性最小.一般与多个性状组间的典型相关系数大于与单个性状组间的典型相关系数,但最大的典型相关系数包含的遗传信息占总相关信息的比率反而减小.     

A Self-Learing Chinese Character Recognition System

A method using possibility theory and fuzzy logic is introduced. Possibility functions of each feature are determined during training. Methods of fuzzy logic are used to combine the possibility of different features. This Chinese character recognition system consists of a pre-classifier and a two-level fine classifier. In order to handle deviations of the characters,a fuzzification of features is introduced. This method is used to develop single-font classifiers. The whole system consists of a font-classifiers and four single-font-classifiers.     

白菜单株产量与主要农艺性状关系的分析

为揭示主要农艺性状对白菜单株产量的影响,以16份白菜新品系为试材,对其单株产量与8个农艺性状进行相关分析、偏相关分析、多元逐步回归分析和通径分析。结果表明,各性状中变异系数最大的为最大叶叶柄长,其次为单株产量;最大叶叶宽与单株产量达到极显著正相关,株幅与单株产量达到显著正相关;偏相关分析中单株产量与8个农艺性状均呈正相关,其中叶片数和最大叶叶宽与单株产量呈极显著正相关,其余偏相关系数较大的依次为最大叶叶柄厚和株幅;多元逐步回归分析表明Y（单株产量）=-1480.847+31.562X₅（最大叶叶宽）+26.028X₃（叶片数）+13.425X₂（株幅）+429.535X₈（最大叶叶柄厚）为单株产量性状的最优回归方程式,决定系数R²=0.930;8个农艺性状对单株产量性状的直接通径系数均为正值,排名前4的性状依次为最大叶叶宽>叶片数>最大叶叶柄厚>株幅。因此,在白菜丰产新品种选育中,应重点做好最大叶叶宽和叶片数性状的选择,同时兼顾最大叶叶柄厚和株幅等性状。     

大豆种间杂交质量性状的遗传变异

对大豆种间杂交后代质量性状的研究结果表明,脐形、粒形两个性状最易稳定,可进行早代选择.花色、茸毛色、脐色、泥膜等性状的遗传,F_1有明显的显隐性关系,F_2基本分离为3∶1的比例,受单基因控制,但有些组合出现9∶7、13∶3的比率,说明有两对基因影响这些性状,且有互补或抑制基因存在.结荚习性和叶形是典型的生态性状,随环境条件的变化而变化:但叶形从尖叶到圆叶,植株从匍匐到直立均有各种过渡类型.并且呈连续分布,又表现数量性状的特征,特别是种皮色的分离更为复杂.因此,可以说数量性状和质量性状.是不能截然分开的,主要取决于分级标准.分级标准越细,类型越多,越接近实际.     

青椒果实性状遗传参数的分析

本文对青椒单果重、果长、果宽和果肉厚等4个果实性状的遗传参数进行了分析.结果表明:①4个果实性状的Vg/Vs比值均大,说明这些性状受基因加性效应影响大.一般配合力较高的亲本参与的组合,其F_1在这一性状上的实测值也较高.各性状配合力总效应值与实测值呈极显著的正相关.②4个果实性状的狭义遗传力较高,因此这4个性状的变异,大部分可固定遗传给后代,由F_1表现可以预测F_2表现的趋势.③4个果实性状的亲子间呈显著正相关,可根据双亲的平均值(MP)推断F_1相应的表现.     

基于DNA指纹建立农作物品种身份证的方法探析

为解决种子生产、经营和知识产权保护中存在的突出问题,本文提出了构建农作物品种身份证及建立品种身份证制度。在借鉴人类身份证建立模式基础上,将品种的商品信息、指纹信息及特异基因信息相结合,构建农作物的品种身份证。农作物品种身份证由3部分构成：第1部分称为商品码,反映作物及品种类别、品种选育（或审定）的区域和时间等,预设14位阿拉伯数字（或字母）;第2部分称为指纹码,反映品种的DNA指纹信息,依据作物类型不同预设20~40位阿拉伯数字（或字母）;第3部分称为补充码（特异基因识别码）,反映品种的特异基因信息,设计为字母“T”（转基因育种）、“S”（分子育种）和“M”（诱变育种）等,加上被导入、渗入或诱变的基因名称;身份证总位数约50位。采用本方法编码的农作物品种身份证,具有准确性高、通用性强及可追溯性等特点,对我国农作物品种的科学识别和管理具有十分积极的意义。     

不同类型杂交早稻农艺性状的遗传分析

采用6个杂交稻三系不育系和10个杂交早稻父本品种,通过不完全双列杂交配置了60个杂交早稻组合。分析了在相同栽培环境条件下三系杂交早稻亲本及其所配置的杂交早稻组合的12个农艺性状的遗传规律。结果表明：12个农艺性状的遗传以加性效应为主,各性状的狭义遗传力大小顺序依次为千粒重>株高>穗长>穗实粒数>结实率>穗总粒数>生育期>理论产量>实际产量>有效穗>成穗率>最高苗;除穗长外,其余性状受父本的影响较大;理论产量与结实率、穗实粒数、株高、成穗率及有效穗呈正相关,可通过这几个性状对产量进行间接选择;穗实粒数是杂交早稻选择指数中最重要的选择性状。     

黄麻数量性状遗传关系分析

采用基因型单因素遗传设计,用54份较有代表性圆果黄麻遗传资源,研究了12个数量性状的相关遗传参数,分析和比较了各性状广义遗传力、狭义遗传力、现实遗传力和相关遗传力,并估算了各性状对单株干皮产量的相关遗传变异贡献率。本文还进行了遗传相关信息与遗传相关贡献的估算,以及主成分等分析。上述研究结果揭示了分枝高度、单     

酿酒糯高梁亲本系籽粒淀粉含量及其组份的配合力分析

用45 A等4个糯高粱不育系与泸恢1等5个糯高梁恢复系按Griffing方法Ⅱ组配成20份组合,估算了糯高梁籽粒总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量和直链淀粉含量的配合力.结果表明,同一亲本不同品质性状的配合力不同,同一品质性状不同亲本的配合力也不同.在酿酒品质性状的杂种优势利用上,选育优质酿酒高粱组合应选择总淀粉含量及支链淀粉含量一般配合力高的亲本.     

追氮时期对两种筋型小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响

大田条件下,选用2个有代表性的强、弱筋型冬小麦品种,研究追肥时期对小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明：除糊化时间外,其他性状变异系数均大于10％,而且两种筋型品种之间淀粉糊化特性的变异幅度有较大差异。强筋型品种豫麦34号的淀粉糊化特性值均高于弱筋型品种豫麦50号。随追肥时期变化,两种筋型品种的变化规律不同,且均以拔节期追肥表现较优,因此,拔节期是淀粉糊化特性的较佳施肥时期。     

Comparison of genetic diversity of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) between Canadian cultivars and a world collection

This study reports results of phenotypic measurements of genetic diversity in the world collection of flax maintained by Plant Gene Resources of Canada (PGRC) and compares the range of diversity in the world collection with the diversity observed in 19 Canadian registered flax cultivars. Morphological and seed‐oil characters were used to describe the phenotypic diversity in 2331 flax accessions. The plants were grown by PGRC at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, in 1998 and 1999. The comparison between the Canadian cultivars and the world collection was based on single characters, as well as on character complexes by application of an existing intraspecific classification for the species. Considering single quantitative or qualitative character expressions, the Canadian cultivars represented a wide range in diversity for the species. The variation of characters Canadian plant breeders have selected for (e.g. plant height, seed weight, seed colour, petal colour, oil content) was reduced further than those characters not focused on by plant breeders (e.g. dotting of the sepals, style colour, ciliation of capsule septa, oil quality characters). A comparison of diversity based on the intraspecific classification proposed for flax by Kulpa and Danert, who described 28 botanical varieties, showed that all Canadian cultivars belong to two botanical varieties. This study demonstrates the usefulness of agrobotanical characterization of genebank collections for plant breeding and illustrates the application of the traditional method of intraspecific classification for comparison of gene pools.     

A Methodology of Classification of Product Family for Mass Customization

Product family management is a key support technology to implement mass customized production. Various products in product family are similar in functional characters, physical characters and technological characters, which is an important character of product family. Based on the products represents and mapping relations in functional domain and physical domain, a method of classifying product family is presented by comparing similarity of both functional requirements in functional domain and design parameters in physical domain. The process of classifying product family by virtue of this method is also discussed. At last, a case is introduced to illustrate the application of this method.     

黄淮平原夏大豆品种的主要数量性状对产量稳定性的影响

分析了 13个夏大豆品种的 10个数量性状的稳定性 ,同时采用相关分析法论证了产量稳定性与其他稳定性间的相关关系。分析结果表明 ,大多数品种数量性状的平均表现与环境指数呈显著的线性关系或极显著的线性关系 ;产量的稳定性与单株粒数、单株粒重及株高的稳定性呈显著正相关。单株粒数、单株粒重和株高的稳定性呈显著正相关。单株粒数、单株粒重和株高的稳定性 ,可作为夏大豆稳产性育种的间接选择依据     

限制因子学说和灰色关联分析 在冬小麦栽培中的应用研究

运用限制因子学说和灰色关联分析方法,探讨小麦品种多个主要农艺性状因子与产量的关系,确定影响产量的主要的性状限制因子。结果表明,在诸多性状因子中,最高茎数、 穗数、穗粒数等性状因子,是冬小麦产量的主要性状限制因子,其它性状因子为非限制因子。进一步提出在冬小麦的栽培中,应以群体为基础,在达到一个合理的群体、保证穗数的前提下,主攻个体,采取相应的措施,增加穗粒数,为提高冬小麦产量打下基础。     

甜菜性状的遗传变异与选择

本试验为了获得对甜菜经济性状进行有效选择的依据,对26个甜菜品种(系)地上部性状进行了调查,测定了遗传变异系数、遗传力,遗传与表型相关等。进而对这些性状与主要经济性状(产糖量、含糖率、块根产量)的相关性进行了研究,通过分析,提出相关信息,从而为甜菜的经济性状选择,培育高产、高糖新品种提供依据。