芍药新品种‘粉罗裙’‘千重粉黛’‘笑春风’和‘碧叶粉荷’

在引种试种、资源评价及杂交育种的工作基础上，历时11年从众多的芍药定向杂交后代中筛选出性状优良的‘粉罗裙’‘千重粉黛’‘笑春风’和‘碧叶粉荷’。‘粉罗裙’‘千重粉黛’属于中国芍药品种群，重瓣花，茎秆粗壮直立，株高80～90 cm，适宜作为切花栽培；‘笑春风’和‘碧叶粉荷’属于杂种芍药品种群，三倍体，花期早，单瓣花，叶形奇特，株型饱满，适宜作庭院观赏栽培。     

秋海棠新品种‘大白’、‘健绿’、‘美女’和‘中大’

 ‘大白’秋海棠是由大围山秋海棠和大王秋海棠的白花类型‘白王’秋海棠杂交F₁ 选育而成,根茎类、无地上茎, 叶大型, 全缘, 常被浅白色或紫红色斑, 花多、鲜红色。‘健绿’秋海棠由厚叶秋海棠和掌叶秋海棠杂交F₁ 选育而成, 常绿草本, 直立茎粗壮, 长势旺盛, 抗白粉病, 叶大型、绿色、浅裂, 花红色艳丽, 宜室内栽培观赏。‘美女’秋海棠为掌叶秋海棠和愉悦秋海棠的杂交F₁ 白斑叶个体, 根茎类,直立茎较细, 叶中型、浅裂、被白色斑点, 较抗白粉病。‘中大’秋海棠为中华秋海棠和大王秋海棠杂交F₁ 培育而成, 根茎类、具直立茎, 叶中型、表面具心形白带斑。     

观赏海棠新品种‘红萼’的选育

‘红萼’是由‘绚丼’和‘御紫’经自由开放授粉、实生播种选育而成的观赏海棠新品种。‘红萼’树姿较直立,生长势强。幼叶红褐色,成熟叶片绿色。花蕾红色,花单瓣,椭圆形,粉红色,基部离生。果实近圆形,花萼宿存,萼端有棱状凸起;底色黄白色,全面着鲜红色。在辽宁省沈阳市,‘红萼’物候期与其他观赏海棠栽培品种相近,花期10~12 d。‘红萼’适合在沈阳地区及类似气候区栽植。     

秋海棠新品种‘香皇后’、‘厚角’、‘芳菲’和‘苁茎’

 秋海棠新品种‘香皇后’ (厚壁秋海棠×大香秋海棠) 、‘厚角’ (角果秋海棠×厚壁秋海棠) 、‘芳菲’ (厚壁秋海棠×厚叶秋海棠) 、‘苁茎’ (角果秋海棠×红毛香花秋海棠) 均通过有性杂交从其后代群体中选择培育而成。这是国内首次培育出花具香味的秋海棠新品种。新品种株型好, 是一类既可观叶又可观花的室内草本观赏花卉。     

报春花新品种‘红霞’

 报春花新品种‘红霞’是从云南野生‘霞红灯台报春’后代群体中单株选择培育而成, 花序较大, 开花整齐度高, 适合早春温室盆栽观赏。     

秋海棠新品种‘紫叶’、‘紫柄’和‘大裂’

 秋海棠‘紫叶’ (刺毛红孩儿×变色秋海棠) 、‘紫柄’ (厚壁秋海棠×变色秋海棠) 和‘大裂’ (刺毛红孩儿ב白王’秋海棠) 3个新品种均通过有性杂交从其后代中选育而成。3个新品种株型好, 叶片色彩艳丽, 是既可观叶又可观花的室内草本观赏花卉新品种。     

观赏海棠新品种‘紫烟’的选育

‘紫烟’是从与‘雪花’(‘Xuehua’)、‘加紫’(‘Jiazi’)‘和‘雪红’(‘Xuehong’)等品种混栽、开放授粉的‘绚丽’(‘Radiant’)实生后代中选育出的观赏海棠新品种。树姿直立,生长势强;枝条成枝力强;幼叶亮紫色,有红褐色晕,成熟叶片紫红色;花蕾紫红色,花瓣粉红色、卵圆形;果实卵圆形,紫红色;生理落果与采前落果较轻。适宜在沈阳及其相似气候区栽植。     

观赏海棠新品种‘凤凰’

观赏海棠‘凤凰’是从与‘御紫’（Royalty）、‘加紫’（Jiazi）、‘雪球’（Snow Drift）、‘雪花’（Xuehua）和‘雪红’（Xuehong）等品种混栽、开放授粉的‘绚丽’（Radiant）植株上采种,并从其实生繁殖后代中选育出的新品种。树姿直立,生长势强;成枝力强;幼叶褐红色,被绒毛,成熟叶片浓绿色;花冠粉红色,花瓣椭圆形、重叠;果实近圆形,橙红色;连续结果能力强,果实冬季不落,观赏期长。     

抗病、优质、秋早熟大白菜‘早心白’

 ‘早心白’是利用自交不亲和‘反心白’和‘AD’系杂交培育而成的大白菜新品种, 为抗病、优质、早熟一代杂种。生长期58 d, 束心, 株高45 cm, 外叶绿, 叶球合抱, 心叶白绿, 鲜嫩, 纤维少, 适口性好。叶球质量2 kg, 净菜率75% , 一般产量75 000～90 000 kg/hm²。高抗病毒病、软腐病, 耐热, 适合河北省和全国各同类地区种植。     

秋海棠新品种——‘白王’ 、‘银珠’和‘热带女’

 ‘白王’秋海棠由大王秋海棠的白花类型选育而成, 叶片浅绿色、被白斑, 花白色、较大, 果实绿色。 ‘银珠’秋海棠为掌叶秋海棠的变异类型, 与原种的主要区别在于其叶片被有稳定的银白色串珠状斑点, 花较小, 色略浅。 ‘热带女’秋海棠由野生斜升秋海棠中发现的少数变异类型选育而成, 叶片绿色、被白斑, 花粉红色或白色, 重在观叶。     

切花香石竹新品种‘林隆2号’和‘林隆3号’

 ‘林隆2号’和‘林隆3号’是从切花香石竹人工杂交群体中选育出来的新品种，花朵大，有香味，花期长，适应性和抗病性强，繁殖容易，适宜于切花，具有较好的推广应用价值。     

百合品种染色体倍性观察

 利用染色体常规制片技术分析了45个从荷兰引进的百合品种的染色体倍性,包括21个亚洲百合、3个麝香百合、7个东方百合、8个LA杂交品种、2个LO杂交品种、4个OT杂交品种。在21个亚洲百合中,12个品种（‘Eleganza’、‘Monte Negro’、‘Renoir’、‘Black Bird’、‘Butter Pixie’、‘Orange Matrix’、‘Petit Brigitte’、‘Pink Pixie’、‘Lollypop’、‘Red Latin’、‘Marrakech’和‘Pollyanna’）为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）,5个品种（‘Navona’、‘Orange Pixie’、‘Elodie’、‘Vermeer’和‘Lyon’）为三倍体（2n = 3x = 36）,4个品种（‘Brunello’、‘Tresor’、‘Val di Sole’和‘Detroit’）为四倍体（2n = 4x = 48）;3个麝香百合品种（‘White Heaven’、‘Gelria’和‘White Fox’）为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）;7个东方百合品种（‘Siberia’、‘Sorbonne’、‘Maru’、‘Dynamite’、‘Dordogne’、‘Montezuma’和‘Miss Lucy’）为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）;8个LA杂交品种（‘Brindis’、‘Courier’、‘Pavia’、‘Advantage’、‘Mestre’、‘Mombasa’、‘Pirandello’和‘Serrada’）为三倍体（2n = 3x = 36）;两个LO杂交品种（‘Triumphator’和‘White Triumph’）为三倍体（2n = 3x = 36）;4个OT杂交品种中‘Yelloween’和‘Red Dutch’为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）,‘Conca D’Or’和‘Golden City’为三倍体（2n = 3x = 36）。该结果表明,组内杂交品种（亚洲百合、东方百合和麝香百合）中,除亚洲百合中有5个三倍体和4个四倍体品种外,其余22个为二倍体品种,因而多数组内杂交品种为二倍体品种;而组间杂交品种（LA、OT和LO）,只有OT中2个品种为二倍体,其余12个皆为三倍体。     

苹果自花结实性品种花柱S - 核酸酶基因的克隆

 从苹果二倍体品种‘Ontario’和‘迎秋’花柱中分别克隆到了两个S - 核酸酶基因。同源性比较结果, ‘Ontario’和‘迎秋’都有一个与‘富士’Sf - 核酸酶基因完全相同的序列。‘Ontario’另一个S等位基因编码一个新的S - 核酸酶, 被命名为S8 - 核酸酶; ‘迎秋’另一个S等位基因与苹果‘红茜’的Sd - 核酸酶基因序列相同。     

Cultivars Resulting From Cherry Breeding in Germany

In Germany the sweet and sour cherry breeding is concentrated at the Julius Kühn-Institut in Dresden-Pillnitz. The main breeding goals are directed on sweet cherries for fresh market and sour cherries for processing. The selection of new cultivars is focused on fruit quality, high and stable fruit set and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. In result of the breeding activities in sweet cherry four new cultivars, ‘Narana’, ‘Areko’, ‘Swing’, ‘Habunt’, were selected. ‘Narana’ is an early ripening cultivar with good fruit characteristics. ‘Areko’ ripens in the middle of the cherry season some days before cultivar ‘Kordia’ and has large, firm fruits. The both cultivars ‘Swing’ and ‘Habunt’ are self-compatible and more recommended for the use in house gardening. In sour cherry breeding four new cultivars, ‘Coralin’, ‘Spinell’, ‘Jachim’, ‘Boas’, were selected. The cultivar ‘Coralin’ shows good characteristics for processing and mechanical harvest and is tolerant to fungus diseases on leaves. With the large and tasty fruits, the cultivar ‘Spinell’ is mainly suitable for fresh consumption. The both other cultivars ‘Jachim’ and ‘Boas’ have a pillar growth habit.     

中国李和樱桃李及其种间杂种果实香气成分分析

 采用顶空固相微萃取—气质联用技术分析了中国李（Prunus salicina）‘绥李3号’、樱桃李（P. cerasifera）‘红果樱桃李’及其种间杂种‘蜜思李’的果实香气成分。结果表明,3种果实香气物质组成及含量存在显著差异,‘蜜思李’、‘绥李3号’和‘红果樱桃李’分别检测出58、53和29种香气成分,且‘蜜思李’香气物质含量最高;‘绥李3号’主要香气物质是醛类,‘红果樱桃李’为醇类,‘蜜思李’为酯类;γ–十二内酯和γ–癸内酯是‘蜜思李’特有香气物质;根据香气成分的种类及含量,可将‘蜜思李’和‘红果樱桃李’分别划为“酯香型”李和“醇香型”李类型。     

秀丽槭新品种‘黄堇’与‘黄莺’

‘黄堇’与‘黄莺’是从秀丽槭（Acer elegantulum）实生苗中选育出来的具有高观赏价值的彩叶新品种。‘黄堇’新叶淡青黄色,成熟春叶浅黄绿色或浅黄绿色与绿色相间,初夏叶深黄绿色或深黄绿色与绿色相间,后渐变为浅青黄色与绿色相间;‘黄莺’新叶红棕色与深红色相间,成熟春叶深青黄色与绿色相间,初夏叶深黄绿色与绿色相间,夏末叶渐变为亮黄绿色与绿色相间。     

Maintaining product quality in raisins throughout the introgression of powdery mildew resistance

The availability of powdery mildew-resistant raisin accessions will lower grower production costs and enhance the environment through reduced fungicide use. To achieve this objective, backcrossing has been employed with Vitis romanetii as the source of non-race-specific powdery mildew resistance. Initial crosses of powdery mildew-resistant F₁ hybrid B36-45 with seeded raisin cultivars ‘Rangspray’ and ‘Raisin de Palestine’ yielded seedless powdery mildew-resistant first-generation backcross selections C87-41 and C87-106, which were used to develop second-generation backcross populations. Principal component analyses consistently identified ‘wrinkle,’ ‘meatiness,’ ‘product attractiveness’ and ‘skin persistence’ as being the quality characteristics most important in discriminating among powdery mildew-resistant raisin accessions and commercial raisin cultivars. Raisin quality ratings were much improved across most evaluated characters in second-generation backcross families as compared with parental powdery mildew- resistant accessions C87-41 and C87-106. After two generations of backcrossing, powdery mildew-resistant raisin selections were identified with product quality characteristics similar to those of commercial raisin cultivars.     

Cryopreservation of in vitro almond shoot tips by vitrification

Summary

Shoot tips of two almond scion cultivars, ‘Ne Plus Ultra’ and ‘Nonpareil 15-1’, and one almond/peach hybrid rootstock were successfully cryopreserved using a one-step vitrification technique. Three week old in vitro cultures were cold-hardened at 4°C on the multiplication medium (Murashige and Skoog for ‘Ne Plus Ultra’ and the hybrid rootstock; Almehdi and Parfitt for ‘Nonpareil 15-1’) for three weeks. Shoot tips, 2–2.5 mm long, were excised and precultured for 1 d at 4°C on the same basal medium, without plant growth regulators, supplemented with 0.7 M sucrose. After the preculture, the shoot tips were incubated in vitrification solution at 25°C for 45 min for the almond scion cultivars and 60 min for the hybrid rootstock, and then stored under liquid nitrogen (LN) for at least 3 d. After rapid thawing at 30°C, the shoot tips were washed with the appropriate liquid basal medium containing 1.0 M sucrose and then cultured on the same basal medium, solidified with agar, but excluding NH₄NO₃ or (NH₄)₂SO₄. Shoot regeneration was usually observed within 2–3 weeks. Survival after LN, recorded as the percentage of shoot tips that produced at least one new shoot four weeks after thawing, was 87.5, 60.0 and 72.5% for ‘Ne Plus Ultra’, ‘Nonpareil 15–1’ and the hybrid rootstock respectively. The one-step vitrification method is a promising simple technique for cryopreserving almond scion and rootstock shoot tips from in vitro cultures.     

Effects of basal temperature on the rooting of hardy hybrid Rhododendrons

The effects of 3 basal temperatures; 15°, 20° and 25°C, on rooting of the hardy hybrid Rhododendron cultivars ‘Pink Pearl’, ‘Mrs. R.S. Holford’ and ‘Fastuosum Flore Pleno’ have been studied.A temperature of 15°C gave least rotting in all 3 cultivars and therefore more cuttings survived to root. Rotting increased and rooting decreased with increasing temperature.In cuttings without evident rotting, 25°C gave better rooting than 15°C, indicating that with improved control of disease, propagation at the higher temperature may be beneficial.The ease of rooting in unrotted cuttings was similar in R. ‘Fastuosum Flore Pleno’ and R. ‘Pink Pearl’ but lower in R. ‘Mrs. R.S. Holford’. Rotting was greatest in R. ‘Mrs. R.S. Holford’ and least in R. ‘Fastuosum Flore Pleno’.     

The Pillnitz Re-Series of Apple Cultivars – Do They Hold Promise? – 80 Years of Professional German Fruit Breeding 2008

The aim of the Pillnitz apple breeding is to combine improvements in fruit quality + yield + resistance to different pathogens in new cultivars. Early-, mid- and late-season apple cultivars were selected in two series, Pi- and Re-cultivars?. The Re-cultivars? guarantee a high degree of resistance. Triple and multiple resistant cultivars were selected with resistance to scab, mildew and fire blight: ‘Remo^®’, ‘Regia^®’, ‘Rewena^®’ and ‘Rebella^®’. ‘Rebella^®’ was found to have resistance also to bacterial canker, red spider mite and abiotic damages. The cultivars are the base for a new growing management in integrated and organic cultivation. Doubtless, the Pillnitz resistance breeding conception is a success, even if some problems remain to solved in the future. Various degrees of scab infection on Vf-resistant cultivars had been observed since 1984 in Central Europe. No infections were found in cultivars with other genes like V _f such as ‘Reglindis^®’ (V _A), ‘Reka’ (V _r), or ‘Regia^®’ (V _r). New sources are necessary for resistance breeding, especially for pyramiding of resistance genes. However, if the V _f-gene is overcome, new resistance sources and cultivars with two or more different sources of resistance to stabilize healthiness in the field will be required in the future. More explanation and advertisement about the value of resistant cultivars to promote the cultivation in commercial orchards is needed.