海南夏秋新型抗台风蔬菜生产连栋荫网棚设计

根据海南夏秋蔬菜生产的自然条件，综合结构几何尺寸、材料、力学分析及功能与造价等因素，提出一种新型抗台风连栋荫网棚，由水泥立柱及斜拉钢索等组成的结构体系，采用防虫网覆盖，结构简易，稳定性好且造价低，拟解决夏季高热及抗台风问题。     

大棚早熟越夏芹菜栽培技术

芹菜是人们喜爱的蔬菜之一，可主食以及作为调味品之用，不但营养丰富、而且有一定的药理作用．芹菜在本地是主栽品种，由于它喜耐寒，主要以冬、春栽培，越夏栽培是值得研究与推广，以弥补市场空隙，从而提高经济效益。     

山东日照大棚茶生产情况

日照是山东“南茶北引”最早获得成功的地区之一，目前已发展成为山东省茶园面积最大的地区。日照市现有茶园７．６万亩，其中投产茶园４．６万亩，１９９９年茶叶总产量为２２５０ｔ，总产值为１．５亿元，其中名优茶产量为１０５５ｔ，产值为１．０９亿元，分别占总产量、总产值的４６．９％和７２．７％。近年来，随着“两高一优”农业的发展和名优茶消费市场的拉动，保护地栽培技术已成功地应用于日照茶叶生产中，大棚茶生产发展成为茶农冬季增收新的经济增长点。笔者对日照大棚茶生产情况进行了实地调查，现将情况作一介绍。 一、生产…     

山东大棚茶高效益栽培

山东大棚菜全国有名。大棚茶是在大棚菜栽培技术基础上，近几年新发展起来的茶树高效益栽培技术。临沂市的宫南县、临沐县大棚茶现已达6．6公顷，一般每公斤鲜叶400元左右，每公斤干茶2000～3600元。每666．7m2大棚茶效益在2万元以上，高的达10万元以上。现将其主要技术措施总结如下：1非覆盖或条国的管理非覆盖期茶树不再采摘，茶树主要进行自身的物质积累，要加强管理，增强树势，为覆盖采摘期打下良好的基础。1．1增施肥料由于大棚菜叶生产，使茶树一年四季均处于旺盛生长状态，养分消耗大，为保证茶树正常生长，提高成品茶的品质，应增…     

蔬菜大棚内CO2条件改善研究

通过对蔬菜大棚内、外CO2浓度变化规律的研究分析，证明在大棚中蔬菜光合作用强烈时CO2缺乏，进行人工增施的必要性。在黄瓜、辣椒、番茄等蔬菜大棚内采取多种方法施用CO2后，对各种指标进行了测定，表明增施CO2对于提高蔬菜产量，改善蔬菜品质的效果是明显的。     

水稻育秧大棚综合利用

在水稻插秧后，利用育苗大棚人工翻地起垄，栽植提前育好的甘兰、紫甘兰、菜花、春白菜等菜苗，收获后再种植豆角或黄瓜，比对照大豆平均增收6000-8000元／667m^2，建议在佳木斯地区推广应用。     

冬暖大棚马铃薯—菜豆间作栽培技术

冬暖式塑料大棚生产的马铃薯比同期用多层农膜覆盖形式种植的马铃薯早7～10d上市。价格高且稳定，菜豆价格也相对较高，而且不误下茬栽植的西红柿在麦收前市。此种植模式仅马铃薯、菜豆的棚收入在5000元左右，而且技术操作简单，尤其对新建棚具有较高的推广价植。     

水稻与设施大棚蔬菜间套种技术探索

利用相对闲置的蔬菜大棚沟渠种植水稻，实施水稻与蔬菜间套种，既可充分利用耕地资源，增加水稻种植面积，又减少农业面源污染，同时增加物种多样性控制病虫害发生。试验示范结果表明，塑料大棚一年当中种植多茬蔬菜，会有多余的水肥渗漏到沟渠中，这些渗漏的肥料能够保证沟渠中水稻的正常生长。水稻与大棚蔬菜间套种可实现农业资源循环利用，经济、社会和生态效益明显，是可持续农业的一种模式创新。     

太阳能大棚配合远红外干燥西洋参工艺研究

应用太阳能大棚配合远红外干燥西洋参，西洋参内部干燥速度略大于外部，表面不形成明显的致密层，表皮及断面为黄白色，无抽沟及暗斑，不产生腐烂，可减少加工成本60％。     

大棚栽培优质鲜食玉米技术

大棚栽培鲜食玉米能抢早上市，有效调节人们的饮食结构，能获得较好的经济效益和社会效益。大棚栽培鲜食玉米3月初进行盘育苗，3月15日定植，密度为60000株/hm^2，施优质农家肥30000-45000kg/hm^2，撒可富25kg/hm^2。六叶期追施尿素300kg/hm^2，6月上中旬采收。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

云南咖啡主要病虫害及防治调查研究

对云南保山、德宏、普洱等地咖啡病虫害开展调查研究,结果表明：咖啡锈病(Hemileia vastatrix Berk et Br.)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack)、褐斑病(Cercospora coffeicola Berk. et Cooke)、幼苗立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.)、旋皮天牛(Acalolepta cervina Hope)、灭字虎天牛(Xylo     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

芸薹属多倍体与二倍体作物 花柱及角果的发育差异

通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。