种公猪饲养原则及饲养技术

<正>种公猪饲养得好坏,对猪群生产能力影响很大。俗话说,"母猪好好一窝,公猪好好一坡"。其意思是说,一头好的公猪可以与许多头母猪配种,可以生产成百上千头仔猪,可见种公猪在养猪生产中的重要作用。为此,应特别重视种公猪的选留、培育、利用和饲养管理工作。     

猪瘟和猪弓形虫混合感染的诊断与控制

1 发病情况 山西省交城县某养猪场是一养猪多年的养猪场。在疾病流行期间饲养420头猪，其中育肥猪300头，妊娠母猪60头，带仔母猪10头，后备母猪50头。猪瘟的免疫程序是种公猪每年春秋两次，母猪在配种前3周左右免疫，每次免疫剂量2头份，仔猪采用超前免疫，二免于50日龄进行，剂量为3头份，其他疫苗均按常规免疫。     

一种确实有效的猪瘟防疫办法

建宁县畜牧兽医站自１９９０年以来，在全县施行窝内仔猪猪瘟强制免疫，取得显著的社会效益和经济效益。该县有６０００余头能繁母猪，年产仔猪１０多万头，每年猪瘟窝内防疫（首免、二免）１７万多头次，防疫面近达９０％，经过八年来的实践、完善，已形成较为健全的防疫制度，现介绍如下：１　建立一项档案　对全县所有种公猪进行品种、性能鉴定，淘汰劣种公猪，符合种用条件的登记造册，建立公猪档案，发给《种公猪合格证》，配种员经考核合格发给《配种员证》。种公猪更新由县畜牧兽医站统一调进。２　制作两份报表　２１　配种报表　…     

猪霉玉米中毒的诊断与防治

一、发病情况一猪场共饲养猪200多头,其中种公猪2头,怀孕母猪5头,空怀母猪6头,体重30kg左右架子猪200头,10kg以上断奶仔猪25头。在2010年7月,由于天气变化较大,阴雨天较长,空气潮湿,畜主没注意到玉米因保管不善已经发霉而粉碎后喂猪,后因全部猪均出现不同程度的慢性中毒症状。全场猪均已按PIC猪免疫程序要求先后免疫了猪瘟、细小病毒、乙脑、伪狂犬、蓝耳病、传胸等。饲料均为自配料。     

规模化养猪场的免疫程序

1常规预防免疫(1)猪瘟弱毒苗仔猪20日龄首免,55~60日龄第2次免疫,种公猪、繁殖母猪每年加强免疫2次。(2)猪口蹄疫灭活苗仔猪30~40日龄首免,60~70日龄第2次免疫,种猪每隔6个月免疫1次。2种猪必须预防免疫(1)猪伪狂犬病弱毒苗母猪配种前1月免疫,成年公猪每年免疫1次。(2)繁殖与呼     

瘦肉型种公猪饲养管理技术

瘦肉型种公猪饲养管理技术要获得数量多、质量优的仔猪，必须依据遗传学原理，充分利用杂种优势，开展经济杂交，实现公猪外来良种化、母猪地方良种化、配种人工授精化。一般地，一头瘦肉型良种公猪实行人工授精配种，一年繁殖良种杂交仔猪万头，俗话说：“母猪好，好一窝...     

猪重大疫病建议免疫程序与注意事项

(一)免疫程序1.猪瘟。选用猪瘟活疫苗单苗,不要使用猪瘟-猪丹毒-猪肺疫"三联苗"。后备种公、母猪:配种前1个月免疫1次,4～6头份。经产母猪:断奶时注射4～6头份。怀孕期及配种期禁用。种公猪:每年春秋2次,4～6头份。仔猪:20～25日龄首免,4头份;     

利用杂交技术提高烟塘母猪的经济效益

杂交改良的材料和方法1 1　我们有目的地选择种公猪和本地母猪作为父本和母本　根据本地母猪的生长优势而有目的地选择一些生长发育以及繁殖性能良好的烟塘本地母猪作为母本。因此我们在双岸自然村选择了 36头本地母猪作为母本 ,同时也选择了引进优良的 4头肉用盘克公猪和 3头本地公猪作为父本。用其后代分为二组 (即杂交第一代一组和本地父母本后代仔猪一组 )进行饲养试验比较。1 2　配种方法　利用 2 0ｍＬ的玻璃注射器以及输精管把盘克种公猪的精液 (经过稀释后的精液 )对 2 0头本地母猪进行人工授精配种 ,使其完全怀孕 ,同时用 3…     

实验室人工感染诱发猪瘟野毒垂直传播

利用2头人工感染中等毒力猪瘟野毒耐过猪进行配种，诱发了猪瘟野毒垂直传播。带毒母猪于带毒后171d产下9头仔猪，其中3头为死胎，6头为木乃伊。直接免疫荧光抗体试验和RT—PCR检测，9头均为阳性。测序结果表明，3头测序仔猪中，2头仔猪所分离病毒E2基因主要抗原编码区序列与公猪所接种病毒的一致；另1头仔猪所分离病毒E2基因主要抗原编码区序列与公猪所接种病毒的同源性高于与母猪所接种病毒的同源性。母猪在与公猪配种前后，其所分离病毒E2基因主要抗原编码区序列发生了变化，配种后与公猪所分离病毒的一致，说明猪瘟病毒在猪体内的繁殖存在一定的优势选择现象。     

不同季节及生长阶段母猪的饲养管理

现有的规模化猪场既有种猪(公猪与母猪)又有商品猪,母猪所产仔猪基本上全部用于本场育肥生产肉猪。猪场饲养模式一般分群为种公猪、种母猪、后备公猪、后备母猪、未断奶仔猪、育成猪、育肥猪。规模化养猪场饲养母猪几百头甚至上千头,母猪     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.