短日照处理天数对一品红开花和观赏品质的影响

 短日照处理不同天数后转到自然长日照下, 研究短日照处理对促成栽培的‘千禧’和‘早生天鹅绒’一品红生长开花的影响。结果表明短日照处理天数对其发育进程、苞片着色和观赏品质有显著影响。苞片转色后结束短日照处理, 节数与连续短日照相似, 但开花显著延迟; 现蕾时结束短日照处理, 开花时间、冠幅与连续短日照相似; 过渡性叶片面积在短日照处理至现蕾后13～14 d才与连续短日照相似。一品红对短日照处理天数的反应存在品种差异。现蕾前结束短日照处理导致一品红过渡性叶片的节间和花梗伸长、苞片着色变差, 出现开花逆转现象。为了保证观赏品质, 短日照处理要持续到现蕾以后。     

甜柿枝梢开花结果特性研究

不同甜柿品种、不同枝梢类型,开花结果能力各不相同。一次梢段组成的梢其开花坐果率较低,除了利用极少数生长充实者短截补空外,其余应予以疏除;二次梢段组成的梢是坐果的主体,应尽量保留以增加坐果量;三次梢段组成的梢开花数较低,对此类梢的处理,可大年多留,小年少留,补空短剪,过密疏剪。     

Effect of Position of IBA Application on the Rooting of Plum Hardwood Cuttings

The rooting ability of plum rootstock hardwood cuttings inserted for one month in a peat-grit medium at 70 °F basal temperature was influenced by the depth to which they were previously dipped in an alcoholic solution of 4(indolyl-3) butyric acid (IBA). Although in detail the response varied with IBA concentration and rootstock clone, in general the highest proportion of cuttings rooted when only the basal cut end of the shoot was treated. The detrimental effect of dipping to one inch increased with increasing concentration of IBA and was shown to be caused by the application of IBA to the epidermis, since it could be eliminated by sealing the epidermis with polyvinyl resin prior to dipping or by reducing the concentration of IBA applied to the epidermis relative to that applied to the cut end. Epidermal application was only beneficial when insufficient stimulation to rooting was obtained through basally-applied IBA.     

柰果半成品保存技术研究

采用正交试验方法研究柰果半成品的保存,探明了柰果的半成品的保存效果与柰果的处理状况,有效ＳＯ２浓度,ＮａＣｌ浓度,苯甲酸钠浓度,ＣａＣｌ２浓度之间的相互关系,结果表明：有效ＳＯ２０．２％￣０．３％,苯甲酸钠０．１％￣０．２％,ＣａＣｌ２ ０．６％￣０．９％保存柰果半成品的效果良好。     

花色素苷生物合成与分子调控研究进展

花色素苷是决定植物花色的主要色素,其生物合成是目前研究得最为清楚的植物次生代谢途径之一。花色素苷的生物合成主要由于F3H,F3'H和F3'5'H三个关键酶的作用形成3个分支,最终分别生成橙色到砖红色的天竺葵素糖苷,红色的矢车菊素糖苷和蓝色到紫色的飞燕草素糖苷,因此, F3'H,F3'5'H和DFR基因是利用遗传转化引入花卉植物原本缺乏的花色代谢途径的关键基因。花色素苷合成结构基因的转录调控是目前研究的热点,对结构基因的转录进行调控的转录因子主要包括两大类相互作用的因子－bHLH和MYB类转录因子,花色素苷合成的转录调控机理的基本模式,包括bHLH和MYB类因子之间的相互作用,以及它们对结构基因顺式元件的识别和结合已经阐述的比较清楚。另外,对于一些处于bHLH和MYB上游的, WD40类因子和光敏色素的研究开启了从信号传导到花色素苷合成的整个调控过程的研究。     

Effect of SUMOylation on maintenance of telomere

Telomeres are the unique structure at the end of chromosomes, which pose two special challenges for the cellular DNA replication and repair machinery. Because of the inability of lagging strand synthesis to fully replicate a linear template, the chromosome ends is progressively shortening at each replication cycle. The tandem DNA repeats must maintain enough length to allow the cell dividing and mitosing, otherwise the cells would lose the dividing ability and undergo replicative senescence. There are two special pathways to regulate telomere length, which consist of telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). SUMO is an evolutionarily conserved protein, which is covalently attached to target proteins and alters their conformation, stability, interaction and localization. Currently, a lot of proteins have been proved to be the substrates of SUMOylation. A growing body of evidence implicate that SUMOylation plays a very important role to elongate telomeres in both telomerase and ALT. The Rad5 and Rad52, as well as BLM have been showed either to be modified by SUMO or to interact with SUMO. SUMOylation positively modifies the activity of telomere.     

蚁巢热水浸提物对鸡菌丝生长的影响

采用室内培养的方法 ,来研究白蚁蚁巢的热水浸提物对鸡菌丝生长的影响 ,探索鸡菌丝的营养特征。研究发现蚁巢热水浸提物对黄褐纹鸡菌丝的生长具有至关重要的、必不可少的作用 ,而蚁巢热水浸提物的量的多少对菌丝生长的影响不大。     

农药残留生物降解的研究

从降解农药的微生物种类、农药降解的机理、影响降解因素等方面综述农药残留生物降解的研究进展,并提出了农药残留生物降解的应用现状、存在的问题及解决的途径。     

斜纹夜蛾化学不育研究初报

选用塞替派注射液做雄性不育剂,氟脲嘧啶注射液作雌性不育剂;采用成虫饲喂法致不育;利用2种不育剂单独饲喂或混合饲喂,然后合笼配合交配的办法;以校正不育卵率作为评价指标,进行了2种不育剂对斜纹夜蛾的不育作用研究。结果表明:在室内条件下0.01%塞替派饲喂雄蛾,0.02%塞替派饲喂雄蛾,0.01%塞替派、0.025%氟脲嘧啶分别饲喂雄雌蛾,及0.01%塞替派和0.025%氟脲嘧啶混合饲喂雌雄蛾,平均校正不育卵率均在96%以上;0.025%氟脲嘧啶饲喂雌蛾平均校正不育卵率为86.59%;雌蛾第一次能否与不育雄蛾交配,是影响雄性不育效果的关键因素;0.01%塞替派饲喂雄蛾交配竞争力略低于正常雄蛾。     

新红星苹果花芽蛋白质提取及双向电泳的改良方法

以新红星苹果花芽为材料,探索适合蛋白质的提取方法及其双向电泳的条件。采用物理和化学2种方法充分裂解植物组织细胞,并用低温操作加入PVP等去除植物大量的酚类物质,最后离心去除不溶性杂质的苹果蛋白质组双向电泳(2-DE)样品制备方法,第1向为ISO-DALT等电聚焦,第2向为垂直平板SDS-PAGE。通过对样品制备、双向电泳参数的选择及染色等方面进行优化,电泳图谱可分辨出蛋白质斑点数在519个以上,蛋白质相对分子质量约为14.0～97.0ku,主要分布为14.0～67.0ku;等电点约为3.5～9.0,主要分布在4.0～7.0。     

朝鲜蓟外植体消毒方法探索

将朝鲜蓟种子、叶柄、嫩叶等外植体采用不同的消毒组合进行消毒对比,摸索出朝鲜蓟的最佳消毒方法,从而顺利建立朝鲜蓟外植体进行试管苗快速繁殖体系.将朝鲜蓟不同的外植体部位采用多种消毒组合,通过对比分析,总结出朝鲜蓟试管繁殖的最适消毒组合为:75%酒精15 s+2%NaClO 10 min+0.1%HgCl215 min对种子消毒效果最理想;75%酒精15 s+2%NaClO 8 min+0.1%HgCl212 min对叶柄消毒效果最适合;0.1%HgCl215 min对嫩叶消毒效果最佳.     

The effect of periods of anaerobiosis on the storage of apples

An adequate supply of oxygen, to maintain aerobic metabolism, is essential during the storage of apples. One of the recommended conditions for storing Cox’s Orange Pippin apples is in 1.8 to 2.5% oxygen; sometimes this is attained by admitting nitrogen to the store. Inaccurate estimation of the oxygen content of the store can result in the fruit being deprived of oxygen and in the accumulation of alcohol in the tissues. If aerobic conditions are re-established, the alcohol content of the fruit decreases, but if the concentration is of the order of 200 mg alcohol/100 g fruit the apples become senescent before they lose the alcoholic flavour.

It has been suggested elsewhere that a preliminary anaerobic phase, lasting for a week at 3.5 °C, leads to improved turn-out of apples from C.A. storage. For the English cultivars tested this has not proved to be the case. Accidental or deliberate anaerobiosis is detrimental in other respects, apart from the accumulation of alcohol; losses from rotting are increased, and there may be a greater incidence of core flush and breakdown.     

枣树生物学特性系统分析

依据多年的实践经验,对枣树的生物学特性进行系统的分析,就其根系、枝芽、花果等特性进行科学合理、通俗易懂的解释,使人们对枣树有更深的认识。     

四种改良CTAB法提取大叶朴基因组DNA比较研究

以大叶朴成熟叶片为试材,采用4种改良CTAB法提取大叶朴基因组DNA,并比较其提取效果。结果表明:用这4种方法均可获得没有发生褐变、完整性好的DNA。其中方法2(用了低浓度乙醇和高盐去多糖)和方法4(用了低浓度乙醇去多糖)去多糖的效果更好一些,但获得的DNA浓度较低;ISSR扩增结果表明,4种方法提取的DNA均可用于ISSR扩增,但方法2和3扩增的效果稍好一些。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

不同浓度KT对百合组培苗增殖的影响

以继代培养2代百合的瓶苗作为外植体,以MS为基础培养基,研究不同浓度KT对‘Tiber’和‘Siberia'2个百合品种的增殖影响.结果表明:不同百合品种增殖对KT浓度要求不同.‘Tiber’组培苗增殖以KT 1.0 mg/L为最佳,增殖倍数最高,为3.0倍,增殖苗生长正常;‘Siberia’组培苗增殖以KT为1.5 mg/L最佳,增殖倍数最高,为3.4倍,增殖苗生长正常.     

钙渗透对甜樱桃果实采后生理的影响

减压渗Ｃａ￣（２＋）能够明显增加甜樱桃果实中Ｃａ￣（２＋）含量。果实中Ｃａ￣（２＋）含量与贮藏后期维生素Ｃ含量成显著正相关，而与可溶性固形物含量无关。Ｃａ￣（２＋）能够抑制果实中ＰＯＤ（过氧化物酶）、ＰＰＯ（多酚氧化酶）活性，并且随浓度增加抑制作用增强，Ｃａ￣（２＋）含量与ＰＰＯ活性成显著负相关。Ｃａ￣（２＋）处理果实腐烂率比对照降低３８．８％－１００％，褐变率降低１３．３８％－４５．２３％。     

Effects of emodin on activity of sphingomylinase and content of ceramide in rabbit aorta of experimental atherosclerosis

AIM: To study the changes of the sphingomylinase activity and ceramide content in rabbit aorta of experimental atherosclerosis and investigate the effects of emodin on them. METHODS: The qualified rabbits were fed with food containing 1% cholesterol and 5% lard for 10 weeks to establish the animal models. The concentration of cholesterol (TC) was assayed by a enzyme method. Trace-fast-test method was used to test the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and motified- BAMuGuoFu methods was employed to assay the content of myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA). Radiolabeled -enzyme-tracing was used to detect the activity of the sphingomyelinase,and thin-layered scanning was conducted to analyze the content of the ceramide in aorta. RESULTS: The ceramide content in aorta and the sphingomyelinase activity were markedly increased in the rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis. The increase was positively correlated with the content of TC and MDA and negatively correlated with the activity of SOD in blood. Compared to the model animals, emodin at concentration of 5 mg·kg^-1, 10 mg·kg^-1 and 20 mg·kg^-1 respectively reduced the area of plague on endothelium in rabbit's aortic artery and elevated the activity of SOD (P<0.05). The activity of sphingomylinase and the content of ceramide were decreased at the same time (P<0.05). 10 mg·kg^-1 emodin proved to be more effective than 5 mg·kg^-1 and 20 mg·kg^-1 emodin (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that atherosclerosis is related to ceramide signal transduction initiated by factors such as oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemia. The emodin prevents the development of atherosclerosis probably by interfering with the above pathway.     

Effect of the amount and position of leaf tissue on the yield of single-truss tomatoes

Immediately after first anthesis, leaf removal treatments were applied, involving varying amounts of leaf tissue at different positions on the stem of widely spaced single-truss tomato plants.Yield was shown to be related to leaf dry weight, while leaf position did not appear to be important, except for those leaves closest to the roots. The leaves and roots were shown to be in competition with the reproductive tissues for dry matter.     

从科技创新看河南园艺产业的发展

以蔬菜、水果、花卉等为主体的园艺产业是农业经济中极具开放性、竞争性的产业.文章从河南省园艺产业科技创新的现状、存在的问题及对策等方面阐述在新形势下,利用科技创新来培植特色产品,形成品牌效应,增强竞争能力是目前亟待解决的问题.