PTEN and signal transduction and tumor

PTEN is a candidate tumor suppressor which has sequence homology withdual-specifici-ty phosphatase. PTEN is a multifunctional protein endowed with a phosphatase activity capable of dephosphory-lating both tyrosine phosphate, serine/threonine phosphate residues on proteins and phospholipids of the phosphati dylinositol pathway. PTEN appears to be mutated at considerable frequency in several types of humantumors, including those frombrain, breast, endometrium, and prostate. PTEN play an important role in pathogenesis of tumor, tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the chemical structure of PTEN, its phosphatase activity, the ability of affecting signal transduction, and its mutational status in cancer.     

现代园林绿化与城镇规划建设的关系及应用

阐述了现代园林的基础知识,并通过对园林绿化生态效益的分析,概括了现代园林绿化的新概念及在城镇规划中的作用,并浅析如何在城镇中进行现代生态园林绿化的应用。     

苋菜及部分野生蔬菜资源的收集、评价及开发利用

国家蔬菜工程技术研究中心共收集苋菜及部分野生蔬菜资源1070份。按食用器官分类，共分为七大类数十个种类，显示出我国蔬菜遗传资源的多样性。分析测定了703份野生蔬菜的营养成分。针对目前我国在野生蔬菜资源的基础研究和开发利用中存在的问题，提出了相应的对策。     

黄色素的提取、稳定性与龙眼护色保鲜研究

在乙醇：龙眼果皮＝ １００∶４（ｖ／ｗ ）、７０ ℃、１００ ｍ ｉｎ 的最佳条件下,ｐＨ ４．５２,λＲｍａｘ＝ ３７０ ｎｍ ,呈鲜黄色。龙眼黄色素（Ｒ）乙醇提取液的ｐＨ、光、热、离子、共存物对Ｒ的稳定性有不同的影响。综合考虑各种影响因素,用Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ保鲜剂、浸果３ ｍ ｉｎ 后,分别于室温、１５、－ １０ ℃下贮藏１０、３０、６０ｄ,龙眼的好果率为８７ ％ 、９５ ％ 、１００ ％ ,损耗率为１４ ％ ～０,基本保持果壳原色和果肉的色泽、风味、品质,取得了护色保鲜的效果     

不同来源桃种质果实糖酸组分含量特点的研究

 对桃24个中国地方品种、19个中国育成品种、2个新疆桃栽培品种及5个中国野生种、33个欧美品种和16个日本品种共99份种质的果实糖酸组分含量特点进行了研究。结果表明, 桃果实中的可溶性糖和酸主要是蔗糖和苹果酸, 分别约占总可溶性糖的73%和总酸的60%; 大多数种质中果实内的葡萄糖和果糖含量相近, 但1个中国野生种和部分地方品种果实内的果糖含量较低, 果糖/葡萄糖低于0120; 中国育成品种果实的蔗糖平均含量最高, 而中国野生种果实蔗糖含量则显著低于其他种质; 中国育成品种、日本品种和欧美品种果糖平均含量显著高于中国地方品种和野生种; 中国野生种的总酸含量最高, 其次为欧美品种, 中国地方品种、中国育成品种和日本品种相对较低; 欧美品种果实平均苹果酸和柠檬酸含量高于中国地方品种和育成品种及日本品种。另外, 果实内蔗糖与山梨醇含量呈显著正相关; 苹果酸与柠檬酸之间以及奎宁酸与莽草酸含量之间呈极显著正相关。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

杜鹃花常见病虫害及其防治

杜鹃为我国十大传统名花之一,病虫害的发生是影响杜鹃花正常生长的主要原因之一。文章主要阐述了危害杜鹃花的病虫害的形态特征、发生特点及防治方法。     

纳米技术在果蔬产品中的应用及其安全风险

 总结了纳米技术在果蔬生产中的应用,综述了纳米技术在果蔬产品包括贮藏保鲜、加工和有害物质快速检测等方面的研究进展,并对其安全风险做了初步分析和探讨,旨在为纳米技术在果蔬产品中的应用提供参考。     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Effects of strategies of heat-clearing and detoxifying,and Yin-invigorating and fluid-supplementing on HDL and ALP molecules associated with endotoxin-degrading

AIM: To explore the therapeutic strategies of heat-clearing and detoxifying (HCDT) and Yin-invigorating and fluid-supplementing (YIFS), the method of Chinese medicine, on the high density lipoprotein (HDL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) molecules, which are associated with endotoxin-degradation. METHODS: The animal model of endotoxemia was established by the injection of E. Coli lipopolysaccharides through rabbits ear vein. The endotoxemic rabbits were treated respectively with two representative herbal preparations of therapeutic principles against febrile diseases: HCDT or YIFS preparations. The serum levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and HDL, the ALP activity, the expression of ALP mRNA in liver and kidney tissues were observed. RESULTS: The serum levels of IL-1 and TNF-α in HCDT group were significantly decreased, while the serum ALP activity and the expression of ALP mRNA in liver and kidney tissues were obviously increased, as compared with those in model group. Meanwhile, the serum levels of IL-1 and TNF-α in YIFS group were significantly reduced, and its plasma HDL level was elevated. CONCLUSIONS: Both the herbal preparations, HCDT and YIFS, have the scavenging effects on the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-α induced by endotoxin, but their effects on the endotoxin-degrading molecules might be different. HCDT principally increases ALP activity and enhances ALP expression in liver and kidney tissues, while YIFS might preferably facilitate the elevation of plasma HDL level.     

War and trees: The destruction and replanting of the urban and peri-urban forest of Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina

The early-1990s’ war in former Yugoslavia led to severe damage to the urban and peri-urban forests of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Siege of Sarajevo (April 1992–March 1996), after the energy supplies to the city had been cut off, over three-quarters of all urban trees and nearly all peri-urban trees within the siege line were cut down for firewood by the desperate residents. After the war, the city trees were quickly and effectively replanted, and Sarajevo provides a useful case study of urban forest recovery. This study presents the observations and measurements, of trees that survived the war and the trees planted after the war, made in Sarajevo in May 2008. We summarize the lessons learned from the Sarajevo experience, regarding both damage and replanting, which include the close relationship between the urban tree damage and the specifics of military operations, the importance of the initial planting stock, and the advantages of collaboration between academic researchers and urban forest managers.     

灌溉方式和氮磷钾配比对大葱产量及水肥生产效率的影响

为了探讨不同灌溉方式和氮、磷、钾配比对大葱产量及水肥生产效率的影响,研究了3种灌溉方式(滴灌、喷灌、沟灌)下8个施肥配比(N_PK_0、N_0PK、NP_0K、NP_0K_0、N_0PK_0、N_0P_0K、N_0P_0K_0和NPK)处理对元臧大葱产量及水肥生产效率的影响。结果表明:滴灌较沟灌显著增加大葱产量,提高N、P、K吸收量与肥料利用率,同时还提高了水分生产效率及灌溉水利用效率。肥料配比以NPK处理(N 500 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5 400 kg·hm~(-2)、K_2O 600 kg·hm~(-2))的大葱产量较高,减施其中一种肥料次之,单施N、P、K肥料则产量较低,同时NPK处理还提高了大葱各器官N、P、K积累量与肥料利用率。因此,大葱在滴灌方式下,采用全量施肥的NPK处理灌溉施肥制度最为合理。     

葡萄贮藏中的病害及其预防

1、贮藏期病害及发生规律　1.1真菌病害已有的研究表明,贮藏期危害葡萄的病菌全部为真菌.细菌的生长因葡萄浆果的pH值在2.9-4.0的范围内而被限制.低温贮运过程中危害葡萄的病原菌包括：灰霉（Bolty cinera Pers）、青霉（Penicillia spp.）、交链孢霉（Allernaria spp.）、芽枝霉（Clad ospriumSp.）和匐梗霉（Stemphy lium Sp.）等.葡萄常温贮运过程中致病菌主要有根霉（Rhizopusstolorifer（Ehrenb.：Fr.）Vuill）.     

园林植物与其病虫害的无污染防治

通过病防工作实践,感到城市绿地植物病虫害的预防和防治要从植物品种选择、配置、适地适树、加强养护、提高植物自身抗性和健全检疫机制等方面做起,提高全民的环保意识,为减少污染,保护环境共同努力。     

Temperature and daylength influences on the growth and germination of sweet basil and oregano

Oregano and sweet basil were grown in phytotron cabinets at 18/12°, 24/12° and 30/12°C (day/night) in either 10-or 16-h photoperiods. Only temperature had a positive influence on plant height in both species. The fresh yield was significantly influenced by temperature and daylength in all the three harvests examined for both species. The correlation between these results and field behaviour in different regions is discussed. The optimum temperature for the germination of oregano was a day/night regime of 24/19°C; sweet basil was less sensitive and germinated well at temperature regimes between 18/13° and 30/25°C.     

果蔬加工研究现状及发展前景

综述了国内外果蔬加工的新趋势,对果蔬的营养价值和保健功能加以分析,阐述了果蔬加工的发展前景.     

蔬菜缺素症及其防治

时下,在蔬菜生产上,人们为了追求高产,大量施用氮、磷、钾化肥,而忽视了微量元素的应用,特别是保护地土壤中大量元素与中微量元素不平衡的矛盾日益突出.2005年9月,笔者对招远市二十个蔬菜生产重点村的三十二个日光温室（每个660m2）及十个露地菜田进行了土壤检测,结果表明：菜田土壤均属强酸性,pH平均为4.8.土壤水溶性硼含量平均为0.23mg/kg,比中等肥力菜田土壤硼的最低界限值0.5mg/kg,尚差0.27mg/kg,呈极缺状态;土壤有效锌含量平均为1.5mg/kg,与高产田有效锌要求3mg/kg,尚差一半;土壤中钼的含量仅有0.10mg/kg,比要求的最低临界值0.15mg/kg,尚差0.05mg/kg.由于微量元素的缺乏,导致蔬菜生理病害日益严重,如：缺锌引起的小叶病;缺硼引起的果实木栓化;缺钙引起的番茄、辣椒脐腐病等大量发生.据2004年招远市郭家埠菜田调查,青椒脐腐病病株率达到30%以上,高的地块达到50%,给生产造成了很大损失.因此,蔬菜缺素症应当引起专业技术人员及广大菜农的重视.笔者根据多年来的试验研究,总结出了一套蔬菜缺素症的综合防治技术,现介绍如下.     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

The relationship between fruit size and cell division and enlargement in cultivated and wild persimmons

Summary

To determine the anatomical basis for differences in fruit size in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.), the number and sizes of parenchymal cells were measured in four astringent cultivars and in wild D. lotus over a single season in Japan. Fruit weight at harvest correlated with the final number of parenchymal cells (r = 0.95*) and their size (r = 0.92*). There was also a correlation between fruit diameter and the number of cell layers at full bloom (r = 0.93*), which increased 1.7 – 1.9-fold during fruit development.The duration of cell division and the sizes of the cells at full bloom were similar among the cultivars, whereas mean parenchymal cell lengths increased by 7.7-, 6.7-, 5.4-, 5.0- and 3.8-fold from full bloom to harvest in ‘Otanenashi’ (average fruit diameter = 96 mm), ‘Hiratanenashi’ (77 mm), ‘Saijo’ (54 mm), ‘Tsurunoko’ (44 mm), and D. lotus (20 mm), respectively. The final size of tannin cells was larger in ‘Otanenashi’ and ‘Hiratanenashi’ than in the other cultivars, including the wild species.These results indicate that the size of fruit at harvest was determined by the number of cells at full bloom, and their expansion during fruit development.