多菌灵和咪鲜胺用于杨木定向刨花板的防霉研究

选用以多菌灵和咪鲜胺为活性成分的两种防霉剂,考察其对脲醛树脂(UF)以及UF胶杨木定向刨花板(OSB)性能的影响。结果表明,加入防霉剂后,UF黏度和对杨木刨花的接触角显著降低,固化时间稍有延长,但pH变化微小。防霉杨木OSB试板,其力学性能均满足LY/T 1580—2000《定向刨花板》对OSB/2的要求,且防霉性能显著提高。研究范围内,两种防霉剂的合理使用量分别为1.00%(防霉剂A)和0.75%(防霉剂B)。     

杨树刨花尺寸对定向刨花板性能的影响研究

将5种不同宽度的杨木刨花按不同比例混合并制备定向刨花板(OSB),考察了不同刨花宽度组合对板材内结合强度(IB)、弹性模量(MOE)、静曲强度(MOR)的影响。结果表明：不同宽度、不同比例的刨花可显著影响OSB的制备过程和板材质量。研究揭示了刨花宽度组合对OSB性能的影响机制,对进一步提高OSB产品质量,提高资源利用率,减少人造板生产碳足迹和降低生产成本具有一定的参考意义。     

有机蒙脱土协同壳聚糖基膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃聚乳酸研究

为改善聚乳酸的阻燃性能,利用植酸改性壳聚糖(PAMC)与三聚氰胺磷酸盐(MPP)复配得到一种新型膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)体系,并将有机蒙脱土(OMMT)作为协效剂,通过熔融共混法制备阻燃聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料(PLA/PAMC/MPP/OMMT)。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、锥形燃烧量热(CONE)测试、垂直燃烧法(UL-94)和热重分析(TGA)测试分析复合材料的阻燃性能、燃烧性能和热稳定性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)对复合材料的炭渣进行分析,研究了OMMT与PAMC/MPP在PLA复合材料中的阻燃协效作用。结果表明:与纯PLA相比,添加质量分数为25%的PAMC/MPP后,PLA2的LOI值、UL-94等级和800℃时的残炭量分别由21、NR和0.61%增至27.5、V-1级和17.28%,HRR曲线的峰值(PHRR)和总热释放量(THR)值分别由533.5 k W/m~2和81.7 MJ/m~2下降至270.2 k W/m~2和63.7 MJ/m~2。当添加质量分数为0.5%的OMMT后,PLA3的LOI值和残炭量继续增加至30.0和18.58%,PHRR和THR值进一步下降至251.6 k W/m~2和60.6 MJ/m~2,UL-94等级达到V-0级,且熔融滴落现象消失。OMMT与PAMC/MPP之间存在较好的协同效应,可有效改善PLA复合材料的阻燃性能,本研究结果可为制备绿色阻燃PLA复合材料提供理论依据。     

阻燃脲醛树脂制备刨花板的燃烧性能及成炭机理

采用反应型阻燃脲醛胶(HPSA-UF)、物理混合型脲醛胶(HPSA/UF)和未改性脲醛胶(UF)制备刨花板,通过测试刨花板的阻燃性能,分析燃烧成炭机理。结果显示:采用HPSA-UF胶制备阻燃板的极限氧指数(LOI)较对照板明显提升;热释放速率峰值2显著降低,且出峰时间延后。有效燃烧热(EHC)数据表明,HPSA-UF主要在凝聚相中发挥阻燃作用,可改变木质材料的热降解路径,促进木质材料芳环化成炭,从而实现提高阻燃效率的目的。     

基于单板废弃物及SMF树脂制备定向刨花板

定向刨花板(OSB)是一种新型结构人造板,以单板废弃物及SMF树脂制备OSB,不仅降低了OSB的制造成本,还拓宽了OSB的原料来源。采用正交试验方法,研究了蔗糖替代率、施胶量、热压温度和热压时间4个因素对OSB静曲强度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明,制备OSB的最优工艺参数为:蔗糖替代率110%,施胶量12%,热压温度155℃,热压时间60 s/mm,以该工艺制备的OSB各项性能超过LY/T1580-2010《定向刨花板》规定的OSB/4要求。极差分析结果表明,各因素从主到次的顺序依次为蔗糖替代率﹥热压时间﹥施胶量﹥热压温度。     

迪芬巴赫推出多项新技术和新装备

正在2018年上海国际家具生产设备及木工机械展览会上,人造板行业世界领先企业——德国迪芬巴赫公司推出多项新技术和新装备以及人造板行业自动管理系统,吸引观展者的极大兴趣。1)超强刨花板制造技术:通过添加改进的超大扁平芯层刨花,从而使板材密度比传统刨花板降低30 kg/m3。保证板材物理力学性能的基础上,大幅节约原料和能耗,为用户带来的更高的经济效益。2)细表面定向结构刨花板制造技术:通过在定向结构刨花板(OSB)表层再铺装细小刨花,使OSB     

定向刨花板产业在中国的发展机遇

国外定向刨花板行业状况 根据《LY/T1580-2010定向刨花板》的定义：定向刨花板（Oriented strand board,OSB）是由规定形状和厚度的木质大片刨花施胶后定向铺装,再经热压制成的多层结构板材,其表层刨花沿板材的长度或宽度方向定向排列。     

基于3种评价方法的阻燃刨花板燃烧特性分析

刨花板的燃烧性能是影响其应用领域的重要因素,科学评价阻燃刨花板(FRPB)的燃烧性能对其生产和监控体系建设具有重要意义。研究通过在表层细刨花添加15%质量分数磷杂菲(DOPO)、芯层粗刨花添加5%质量分数聚磷酸铵/三聚氰胺(APP/MEL,质量比为3∶1)制备了阻燃刨花板,采用单体燃烧(SBI)、锥形量热仪(CONE)和火传播(FP)试验方法,综合评价对比了刨花板的燃烧性能。结果表明:通过SBI测试,阻燃刨花板的燃烧等级可达国家标准GB 8624—2012《建筑材料及其制品燃烧性能分级》的B1-B级要求,其燃烧速率增长指数(FIGRA0.2MJ(SBI))为90. 20 W/s,与普通刨花板(PB)相比降低75. 5%,对比通过CONE和FP测得的FIGRA0.2MJ(CONE)和火传播指数值(S)分别降低了72.5%和91.1%;通过分析产烟规律,发现分层阻燃体系的添加有效降低了刨花板的烟气速率增长指数(SMOGRA),而FRPB在CONE完全燃烧条件下的SMOGRA(CONE)(相比PB降低26.3%)降低幅度优于SMOGRA(SBI)(相比PB降低8.3%);通过分析残炭形貌,阻燃刨花板的炭层更加致密,在燃烧中可起到隔热隔氧、保护基体的作用,但不同燃烧测试条件下炭层的有序程度和品质不尽相同。通过对SBI、CONE和FP测试中燃烧指数、产烟规律及炭层形貌的对比探索,进一步完善了阻燃刨花板的性能评价体系。     

废旧刨花板循环利用技术的研究

探讨利用废旧刨花板循环制造刨花板的技术.采用高压水煮、水煮、汽蒸和直接粉碎4种方法制备刨花,通过比较刨花的筛分值和压制刨花板的主要物理力学性能,得出最佳的处理方法为水煮.试验压制的一次循环水煮和二次循环水煮刨花板的性能,可分别达到GB/T 4897.5-2003和GB/T 4897.3-2003的要求.     

三聚氰胺浸渍纸边角废料制造复合刨花板工艺研究

三聚氰胺浸渍纸是人造板行业用量最大的饰面材料之一。为拓展三聚氰胺浸渍纸边角废料的利用途径,以杂木刨花和回收的原态浸渍纸边角废料为原料制备复合刨花板。采用正交试验方案,探究了浸渍纸边角废料纸添加量、施胶量和热压参数等因素对板材物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:在三聚氰胺浸渍纸边角废料添加量为20%、脲醛树脂胶黏剂(UF)施胶量13%、热压温度190℃和热压时间9 min工艺条件下,制备的复合刨花板物理力学性能符合GB 4897—2015中P2型刨花板指标要求。     

Synergistic effect of melamine polyphosphate and aluminum hypophosphite on mechanical properties and flame retardancy of HDPE/wood flour composites

In this paper, the influence of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) on mechanical properties, flame retardancy and thermal degradation of high-density polyethylene/wood flour composites (HDPE/WF) was investigated. The synergistic effect of MPP and AHP was investigated. Polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) was used as coupling agent. The experimental data demonstrated that the HDPE/WF composites with 35 wt% MPP/AHP (3:2) could achieve a LOI value of 29.6 % and UL-94 V-0 rating. In addition, the cone value also revealed that the heat release rate and the smoke production rate were clearly reduced. SEM results showed that the synergistic system (MPP/AHP = 3:2) could form a dense and thick char layer and good adhesion between wood flour and HDPE matrix, which prevented the transfer of heat flux and fuel gases. Incorporation of MPP and AHP improved the thermal stability of HDPE/wood flour as observed from the thermogravimetric analysis results and also enhanced the thermal resistance of char layer at high temperature based on scanning electron microscopy observation.     

木粉增强P34HB生物复合材料的制备及其结构性能表征

【目的】通过木粉纤维增强生物塑料聚3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯(P34HB),为生物复合材料的理论研究和生物可降解塑料的广泛应用提供科学依据和理论支持。【方法】以毛白杨木粉和P34HB为原料,采用共混热压法制备P34HB/木粉生物复合材料,基于电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、动态热机械分析(DMA)和力学性能分析等手段对其结构和性能进行表征。【结果】随着木粉含量增加,生物复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和弯曲强度先增加后减小,冲击强度逐渐下降,拉伸强度、弹性模量和杨氏模量分别增加89%、59%和103%,储能模量E′逐渐增加,tanδ峰值先下降后上升。生物复合材料的高频率模量大于低频率模量,动刚度比静刚度好。相比P34HB,生物复合材料的热分解区间变宽,热解速率变慢,热解剩余质量增加。【结论】随着木粉含量增加,P34HB分子链运动受阻,生物复合材料的储能模量和脆性增大;同时,木粉纤维的成核作用诱导P34HB形成结晶度高、层状结构发达的横晶层,木粉与P34HB之间界面结合力增强,力学性能和热稳定性明显提高。综合考虑,P34HB/木粉生物复合材料的最佳木粉加入量为50%。     

Flammability Properties of Composites of Wood Fiber and Recycled Plastic

Flammability properties of composites of wood fiber and recycled plastic were evaluated by the cone calorimeter and oxygen index chamber. Results were shown as follows: 1) Wood-PVC composite showed worse thermal stability on time to ignition (TTI) and mean heat release rate (MHRR), but better performance on heat release rate (HRR) and mean efficient heat of combustion (MEHC); wood-PP composite had better thermal stability properties, but was worse on other fire performance; 2) Compared with wood-PVC composi...     

木纤维PP/PE共混物复合材料的流变和力学性能(英文)

For evaluation of the rheological and mechanical properties of highly filled wood plastic composites （WPCs）, polypropylene/polyethylene （PP/PE） blends were grafted with maleic anhydride （MAH） to enhance the interfacial adhesion between wood fiber and matrix. WPCs were prepared from wood fiber up to 60 wt.% and modified PP/PE was blended by extrusion. The rheological properties were studied by using dynamic measurement. According to the strain sweep test, the linear viscoelastic region of composites in the melt was determined. The result showed that the storage modulus was independent of the strain at low strain region （〈0.1%）. The frequency sweep resuits indicated that all composites exhibited shear thinning behavior, and both the storage modulus and complex viscosity of MAH modified composites were decreased comparing to those unmodified. Flexural properties and impact strength of the prepared WPCs were measured according to the relevant standard specifications. The flexural and impact strength of the manufactured composites significantly increased and reached a maximum when MAH dosage was 1.0 wt%, whereas the flexural modulus after an initial decreased, also increased with MAH dosage. The increase in mechanical properties indicated that the presence of anhydride groups enhanced the interracial adhesion between wood fiber and PP/PE blends.     

可膨胀石墨与聚磷酸铵对木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的协同阻燃作用(英文)

采用锥形量热仪(CONE)研究可膨胀石墨(EG)与聚磷酸铵(APP)对木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的协同阻燃作用。CONE测试结果表明:EG和APP均可降低木粉/聚丙烯复合体系的热释放速率(HRR)、总热释放(THR)和烟释放速率(RSR),提高成炭率;与APP相比,EG表现出更好的抑烟效果。当EG与APP的总添加量为15%、复配比例为2∶1时,能形成稳定致密的膨胀炭层,阻燃协同效应显著。力学性能测试结果表明:即使在马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯相容剂(MAPP)的存在下,EG和APP阻燃剂的添加对复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度仍有不利影响,但EG的添加可提高复合材料的弯曲模量。     

Study on Flame-retardation and Smoke-suppression Characteristics and Mechanism of NSCFR Flame Retardant or Wood

NSCFR flame retardant is one of key factors of non-smoke combustible wood-based materials.Thermal analysis,cone calorimetry,Py-GC/MS, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were utilized to investigate the flame-retardation and smoke-suppression characteristics and mechanisms of NSCFR flame-retardant.The results show that NSCFR flame-retardant could significantly shorten the combustion duration of wood-based materials and completely eliminate the second peak of heat release rate curve,greatly reduce heat release rate, total smoke release,mass loss rate,specific extinction area,and carbon monoxide production and carbon dioxide production,obviously enhance the mass of combustion char residue,effectively retarding the combustion and inhibiting smoke release of the wood-based material;NSCFR flame-retardant exhibits the ability of flame retardancy on wood by the conjunct mechanism of capturing free radical, diluting combustible gas,and catalyzing charring; NSCFR flame-retardant displays smoke suppression effects on wood by absorption action of nano alveolate structure together with the active catalyzing action of ironic molybdate.     

定向结构板复合墙体热特性的评价

文中运用有限差分法和积分变换法评价定向结构板复合墙体的热特性,并将之与传统的砖混结构进行了比较。研究结果表明,建筑物的室内热环境状况主要取决于转护结构的组成材料和构造;定向结构板复合墙体的透过热稳定性好,其对外界扰量（室外气温）的衰减倍数约是砖墙的７￣８倍;比普通粘土砖墙厚度减小一半的定向结构板和玻璃棉板复合墙体对外扰的减弱能力仍大于普通粘土砖墙;大空间范围（如体育馆、影剧院、商店等）,采用轻质木质复合材料作内装修,将有利于空凋设备地室内空气温度的调节。     

马来海松基环氧纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

以松香为原料,通过Diels-Alder加成制备了马来海松酸酐(MPA),再经过酯化、闭环反应得到了马来海松基环氧树脂(MPA-ER),并用FT-IR和1 H NMR对MPA和MPA-ER的结构进行了表征。进一步将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)与MPA-ER共混制备了一系列的MPA-ER/MWCNTs复合材料,对其力学性能和热性能进行了表征,并探究了不同MWCNTs添加量对马来海松基环氧纳米复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。研究结果表明:FT-IR和1 H NMR证实成功制备了MPA和MPA-ER。MWCNTs在MPA-ER中分散均匀,断面具有河流状纹路,MWCNTs的添加使得MPA-ER/MWCNTs的力学性能显著提高,当MWCNTs的添加量为1.2%(以MPA-ER质量计,下同)时,复合材料MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)的力学性能达到最优,冲击韧性、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂伸长率分别为15.11 kJ/m^2、40.42 MPa、105.45 MPa和14.80%,与MPA-ER相比分别增加了159%、160%、102%和135%。同时,锥形量热测试中MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)复合材料的峰值热释放速率和残炭率分别为324 kW/m 2和9.18%,与MPA-ER相比,峰值热释放速率下降了14%,残炭率增加了68%,表明MWCNTs的添加使得MPA-ER/MWCNTs的热稳定性和阻燃性有所提高,MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)复合材料阻燃性能的提高主要归因于添加MWCNTs有效地增加了环氧树脂的交联密度,使其在内部形成比较致密的炭层,进而通过部分隔绝外部热量和空气来达到阻燃的效果。     

Thermal degradation of bending strength of plywood and oriented strand board: a kinetics approach

The construction industry has relied heavily on wood and wood-based composites, such as oriented strand board (OSB) and plywood for timber frame construction. Therefore, it is highly imperative to categorize the response of wood-based composites when exposed to elevated temperatures for a sustained period of time. The essence of fire-resistant structural design is to ensure that structural integrity be maintained during and after the fire, prevent collapse and maintain means of egress. Another aspect is to assess post-fire structural integrity and residual strength of existing structure. The objective of this project was (a) to study the effect of exposure time on bending strength (MOR) of OSB and plywood at elevated temperatures, (b) to interpret any relationships between different temperature and time of exposure using a kinetics model for thermal degradation of strength, and (c) to develop a master curve representing temporal behavior of OSB and plywood at a reference temperature. As much as 1,152 samples were tested in static bending as a function of exposure time and several temperatures. Strength (MOR) of both OSB and plywood decreased as a function of temperature and exposure time. These results were fit to a simple kinetics model, based on the assumption of degradation kinetics following an Arrhenius activation energy model. The apparent activation energies for thermal degradation of strength were 54.1 kJ/mol for OSB and 62.8 kJ/mol for plywood. Furthermore, using the kinetics analysis along with time–temperature superposition, a master curve was generated at a reference temperature of 150°C which predicts degradation of strength with time on exposure at that reference temperature. The master curves show that although plywood has a higher initial strength, OSB performs better in terms of strength degradation after exposure to elevated temperature.     

竹炭/聚氯乙烯复合板材的性能

以竹炭(BC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)为原材料,制备竹炭/聚氯乙烯复合板材(BC/PVC),采用热重分析仪和热重?红外联用仪测试分析热失重特性,用锥形量热仪测试分析其燃烧特性,并进行了远红外辐射率和吸水厚度膨胀率等物理力学性能的测试。结果表明,BC/PVC的物理力学性能满足GB/T 24137—2009《木塑装饰板》和DB44 T 349—2006《木塑复合材料技术条件》规定的要求,尺寸稳定性优良。其中,BC的加入能够显著增强PVC的热稳定性,BC/PVC残余质量分数达45.05%,是PVC的5.3倍,且最大热分解温度延后,发生热失重的温度段缩短,热失重速率明显降低。BC/PVC燃烧时气体生成出现在中后期且总量不大,主要为CO2,BC有效减少燃烧过程中HCl的生成,降低了烟气毒性,且通过促进基材形成“有效炭层”,使BC/PVC的总热释放降低38.05%,烟气释放量仅为PVC的1/3,600 s时残炭量达到PVC的近11倍,整体阻燃防烟性能较好,显著提升材料在发生火灾时的安全性。BC/PVC在8~14μm波段的远红外发射率均值达0.938,具有较高的远红外辐射特性,有望实现PVC基复合板功能化的研发应用。