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黑木耳原种历来均在实验室内分离,一般采用孢子弹射和组织分离两种方法。近几年来,我们将试管孢子分离法加以改进,就地采种分离,效果很好,成功率均达90%以上。将现场采下的种耳用冷开水浸两小时,并冲洗3~4次,放入灭菌培养皿或搪瓷盘内,盖上无菌纱布,收尽耳面余水,再用灭菌剪刀将木耳剪成蚕豆大小的耳片。用灭过菌的接种铲挑取一小块种耳,迅速地移入试管,并贴在事先涂放少许培养基的试管壁上,种耳长孢子的一面,朝向斜面培养基。于18~20℃下培养24小时,当斜面上有孢子印时,用 相似文献
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本文首次观察到,在月平均气温3.6~4.9℃的低温季节,生长在菇木上的香菇子实体释放担孢子的持续时间可达61d(天),采摘后的香菇子实体释放担孢子的持续时间可达29d。在相同气候条件下,香菇子实体释放担孢子的持续时间与菌盖直径成正比。 相似文献
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在收集蘑菇、草菇等有菌膜的食用菌的孢子时,一般是选取菌膜将破未破的种菇,用升汞溶液浸泡消毒,再用无菌水冲洗,然后装进孢子收集器,给以一定的湿度和温度,并保持适当的透气性,进行培养、收集孢子。我们在实践中发现,这样的采孢方法有以下几点不足之处: (1)因种菇的成熟度较低,培养收集孢子的时间较长(2~3天),且往往不能充分开伞弹射孢子,或只能弹射少量孢子。对于草菇,种菇甚至未充分开伞弹射孢子即已自溶腐烂,造成采孢失败。 (2)种菇的菌膜很薄,在消毒和洗涤时容易破裂,致使消毒液或洗涤水渗入菌褶,杀死孢子或引入杂菌,从而影响孢子的质量。 (3)种菇采下后,营养来源断绝,孢 相似文献
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平菇子实体成熟后会大量弹射出孢子,甚至形成孢子烟雾,飘浮在空间,下落呈一层白粉。孢子被人体大量吸入后会引起过敏反应,发生咳嗽、多痰、胸闷头痛、发热,严重者形成孢子肺。应引起重视,预防方法如下。 相似文献
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羊肚菌子囊孢子释放机理初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文论述了羊肚菌子囊孢子释放同温度,光照,湿度等之间的关系,初步探讨了羊肚菌子囊孢子释放的机理,提出了囊盖转折处力稳定性差,是囊盖破裂而释放孢子的重要原因。 相似文献
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国家二级保护药用与观赏植物金毛狗的孢子繁殖技术初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从野外采集的金毛狗孢子经过消毒处理后,分别播种于未经消毒和经过消毒处理的3种培养土上,在保证水分条件的情况下,分别在自然环境和无菌的人工环境条件下进行分组繁殖试验。结果表明:培养土以原生境土为最好,培养条件以人工无菌环境的白天光照和自然变温为最好;从配子体的受精到孢子体的形成是整个孢子繁殖过程的关键。 相似文献
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Roland W. S. Weber 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2012,54(4):171-176
Underdeveloped aborted fruits (fruit mummies) may remain attached to the trees of certain table apple varieties such as ??Elstar?? or crabapples such as ??Golden Hornet?? for more than 12 months, rendering them suitable substrates for fungi. A method to examine the colonisation of such fruit mummies by important fungal fruit-rot pathogens was developed. Within 30 minutes?? incubation of dried fruit mummies in water, spores of Diplodia seriata, Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis, Neofabraea alba, N. perennans, Neonectria galligena and Colletotrichum acutatum were released in sufficient quantity for microscopic detection. Whereas P. washingtonensis was found almost exclusively on mummies of ??Golden Hornet??, the remaining fungi occurred predominantly on ??Elstar??. Advantages of this method include the possibility of demonstrating the presence of pathogens throughout the year in a quantitative manner, an easy shipment of dried fruit mummies, and their storage for several years as herbarium material prior to or following examination. 相似文献
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梨黑斑病病原菌生物学特性研究 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
对梨黑斑病病原菌链格孢菌(Alternariaalternata)生物学特性的研究结果表明,不同菌株在PSA平板上培养,平均日生长速率、产孢量、菌落颜色以及菌落厚度有显著不同。病原菌生长适宜温度为20~30℃,最适温度为28℃,孢子萌发的最适温度为28℃;病原菌适宜生长相对湿度为50%~100%,最适生长相对湿度为98%~100%,孢子萌发必须具备相对湿度98%以上的高湿条件,在水滴中萌发率最高;病原菌菌丝适宜生长的pH值为4~12,最适生长pH值为7~8,孢子萌发最适pH值为7~8,病原菌培养一段时间后培养基的pH值会发生改变。该病原菌对多种单糖、双糖和多糖等碳源及有机氮、无机氮均可利用,最适碳源为蔗糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨,硫酸胺和氯化胺会抑制病原菌菌丝生长。 相似文献
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Characterizing plant genetic resources and their response to the environment through accurate measurement of relevant traits is crucial to genetics and breeding. Spatial organization of the maize ear provides insights into the response of grain yield to environmental conditions. Current automated methods for phenotyping the maize ear do not capture these spatial features. We developed EARBOX, a low-cost, open-source system for automated phenotyping of maize ears. EARBOX integrates open-source technologies for both software and hardware that facilitate its deployment and improvement for specific research questions. The imaging platform consists of a customized box in which ears are repeatedly imaged as they rotate via motorized rollers. With deep learning based on convolutional neural networks, the image analysis algorithm uses a two-step procedure: ear-specific grain masks are first created and subsequently used to extract a range of trait data per ear, including ear shape and dimensions, the number of grains and their spatial organisation, and the distribution of grain dimensions along the ear. The reliability of each trait was validated against ground-truth data from manual measurements. Moreover, EARBOX derives novel traits, inaccessible through conventional methods, especially the distribution of grain dimensions along grain cohorts, relevant for ear morphogenesis, and the distribution of abortion frequency along the ear, relevant for plant response to stress, especially soil water deficit. The proposed system provides robust and accurate measurements of maize ear traits including spatial features. Future developments include grain type and colour categorisation. This method opens avenues for high-throughput genetic or functional studies in the context of plant adaptation to a changing environment. 相似文献
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应用3种肿瘤细胞模型对未破壁灵芝孢子、机械破壁灵芝孢子和全灵芝剥壁孢子进行抗肿瘤试验研究。结果表明,未破壁及不同破壁方式的灵芝孢子对人恶性乳腺癌细胞(MT-1)、人恶性淋巴癌细胞株(Jurkat)、人恶性脑肿瘤细胞(U343)均有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制效果强弱为全灵芝剥壁孢子机械破壁灵芝孢子未破壁灵芝孢子,表明破壁的确能提高灵芝孢子对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用,而且选择破壁的方法也很重要,生物酶法破壁能使灵芝孢子的生物活性成分得到充分释放,所以大大提高灵芝孢子的功效。 相似文献
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云南省迪庆州香格里拉县金江镇打芝坝村仿野生黑木耳栽培技术极其原始,管理粗放,产量极低,但该种木耳口感细腻,品质极佳,价格高昂。为了提高产量,增加经济效益,研究组对该木耳进行了菌种分离(菌株YUCM510200)、鉴定,以及菌株的耐高温和栽培实验研究。研究结果显示,该木耳耐高温,出耳速度快,耳基致密,耳片为薄片型,菊花状,孕面呈灰黑色,背面有毛。产品外观、口味和仿野生栽培的木耳基本相同,只是在泡发时的香气较弱;生物学效率为每公斤干料产鲜木耳1300 g,以干品计为100 g。该品种由于耐高温能力强,在热带地区具有推广价值。 相似文献
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利用球孢白僵菌MZ050724菌株株5种孢子悬浮液浓度(3.6×104个·mL-1~3.6×108个·mL-1),对平菇厉眼蕈蚊(Bradysia difformis)成虫、幼虫和蛹进行室内毒力测定。结果表明该菌株对异平菇厉眼蕈蚊具有较强致病力。孢子浓度3.6×108个·mL-1可造成大量平菇厉眼蕈蚊感染致死,其成虫、幼虫和蛹的累计校正死亡率分别为87.31%、92.93%和70.12%,成虫、幼虫和蛹第7天的LC50分别是2.865×105个·mL-1、2.685×105个·mL-1和9.063×105个·mL-1,而在浓度3.6×108个·mL-1时平菇厉眼蕈蚊成虫、幼虫和蛹的LT50分别为4.36 d、4.06 d和5.10 d。 相似文献