48%联苯肼酯对3种苹果害螨的田间防治效果

通过田间试验评价了48%联苯肼酯悬浮剂对苹果全爪螨、二斑叶螨、山楂叶螨3种苹果害螨的防治效果。结果表明,48%联苯肼酯悬浮剂2 000、3 000、4 000倍液对二斑叶螨的速效性较好,药后3天防效为92.51%⁹3.67%,田间持效期可达30天,显著优于对照药剂73%克螨特乳油2 000倍液;48%联苯肼酯悬浮剂2 000、3 000、4 000倍液对山楂叶螨和苹果全爪螨的速效性也较好,药后3天防效均在77%以上,同时持效期可达30天,与当地常用药剂25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1 500倍液防效相当。48%联苯肼酯悬浮剂是防治3种苹果害螨的理想药剂,生产上推荐使用浓度为3 00093.67%,田间持效期可达30天,显著优于对照药剂73%克螨特乳油2 000倍液;48%联苯肼酯悬浮剂2 000、3 000、4 000倍液对山楂叶螨和苹果全爪螨的速效性也较好,药后3天防效均在77%以上,同时持效期可达30天,与当地常用药剂25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1 500倍液防效相当。48%联苯肼酯悬浮剂是防治3种苹果害螨的理想药剂,生产上推荐使用浓度为3 000⁴ 000倍液。     

五种杀螨剂对黄瓜茶黄螨的防治效果

以黄瓜上的茶黄螨为试材,采用田间试验的方法,研究了5种杀螨剂对大棚黄瓜茶黄螨的防治效果。结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素乳油3 000倍液的防治效果最好,1~14d防效均达93%以上;2.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂5 000倍液,具有较理想的防治效果,1~14d防效达90.60%~99.27%;43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3 000倍液,药后1d的防治效果不太理想,防效只有73.26%,可是随着施药时间的延长,防治效果逐渐提高,药后7d和14d的防治效果达95%以上;240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂4 000倍液和110g/L乙螨唑悬浮剂5 000倍液的防治效果相对较差;综合考虑,在保护地防治蔬菜上的茶黄螨,推荐使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油3 000倍液、2.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂5 000倍液,建议在茶黄螨发生初期使用43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3 000倍液。     

枣顶冠瘿螨在新疆的发生规律及防控技术

通过田间随机抽样调查的方法,研究枣顶冠瘿螨在新疆红枣上的发生规律,并采集枣顶冠瘿螨在室内进行药剂防效试验,进而筛选出对其防治有效的药剂。结果表明:枣顶冠瘿螨在新疆一年有2次危害高峰,分别在7月上旬和8月下旬,7月是枣顶冠瘿螨危害最为猖獗的时期。药剂试验中16.8%阿维.三唑锡可湿性粉剂对枣顶冠瘿螨的防治效果最好,药后7d的防效为96.43%。防治枣顶冠瘿螨效果较好的药剂是16.8%的阿维.三唑锡可湿性粉剂1 500～2 000倍液,或者是20%双甲脒乳油1 000倍液。     

4种药剂防治梨二斑叶螨的药效试验

试验叶面喷施24%螺螨酯悬浮剂、20%丁氟螨酯乳油、20%三唑锡可湿性粉剂、15%哒螨灵乳油4种药剂防治二斑叶螨的效果。结果表明,24%螺螨酯悬浮剂2000、2500倍液,20%丁氟螨酯乳油5000倍液防治二斑叶螨,对成螨、若螨和卵均效果显著,无药害发生,药后第1天起防效渐升,药后第5天至第10天防效一直维持在90%以上,防效显著高于三唑锡和哒螨灵,是防治二斑叶螨比较理想的药剂。5%哒螨灵2000倍液药后第3天达最高防效60%,以后降低;20%三唑锡2500倍液药后第5天达最高防效74%,以后降低。二者防治成螨、若螨效果一般,对卵无效。     

4种杀菌剂对梨白粉病的防治效果

针对梨白粉病的秋季防治,选用4种杀菌剂进行田间防效试验。结果表明,50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂3 000倍液、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油2 000倍液、25%三唑酮可湿性粉剂1 000倍液、430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂3 000倍液4个处理对梨白粉病均有良好的防治效果,50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂3 000倍液、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油2 000倍液防效较好,防效均在92%以上。     

几种药剂对柑橘潜叶蛾的防控效果

连续2年采用不同药剂对柑橘潜叶蛾进行田间药效试验,结果表明下列药剂对潜叶蛾的杀虫效果和保梢效果均较好:10%噻虫胺悬浮剂5 000倍、10%虫螨腈悬浮剂1 500倍、1.8%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍、20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂12 000倍、5%阿维菌素乳油5 555倍;其次有10%噻虫胺悬浮剂6 000倍、10%虫螨腈悬浮剂2 000倍、20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂14 000倍和16 000倍、5%阿维菌素乳油7 400倍和11 111倍。     

8种杀螨剂对柑桔全爪螨田间药效评价

选取目前我国登记的8种杀螨剂在万州塔罗科血橙园对柑桔全爪螨进行了田间效果评价。结果表明:20%哒螨灵悬浮剂2 000~3 000倍液、20%乙螨唑悬浮剂3 850~6 250倍液、22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂9 090~13 600倍液速效性好、持效期30 d以上,可以在生产上推广应用;34%螺螨酯悬浮剂5 667~8 500倍液、43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂1 900~2 400倍液速效性差,但持效期长30 d以上,可以和其他速效性好的药剂混合使用;5%阿维菌素微囊悬浮剂3 850~6 250倍液尽管速效性好、持效期长,但毒性中等,生产上尽量不要使用;50%丙溴磷乳油、25 g/L联苯菊酯乳油为广谱性药剂,对天敌有影响,建议不要使用。     

25%三唑锡超微可湿性粉剂防治苹果叶螨的试验

用25%三唑锡超微可湿性粉剂对苹果叶螨进行防治试验。结果表明,25%三唑锡超微可湿性粉剂2000和2500倍液对苹果叶螨具有良好的防效,药后7天防效分别达到98.7%和95.9%,明显高于28%哒螨灵乳油2500倍液。此外,20%白红螨清的防效也较好。     

13种杀菌剂对杧果炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定及田间防效

测定杧果胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.对13种杀菌剂的毒力及田间防治效果。结果表明:450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂对胶孢炭疽菌室内抑菌效果最好,EC50小于0.01mg/L,250g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油、50%氟啶胺悬浮剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂的EC_(50)均小于1mg/L,对胶孢炭疽菌具有较好抑菌效果。450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂1 500倍液、250g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油1 250倍液、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液、12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂2000倍液、250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂1 250倍液、50%氟啶胺悬浮剂1 500倍液和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液等7种药剂可相对有效地控制杧果炭疽病发生,防效为57.57%~65.57%。     

6种药剂防治梨园二斑叶螨药效试验

采用室内毒力测定与田间药效试验相结合的方法,研究不同药剂对梨园二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素乳油、24%螺螨酯悬浮剂是防治梨园二斑叶螨首选药剂,药后15 d防效仍在90%以上,在防治过程中可与浏阳霉素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、藜芦碱等交替使用,防止害螨产生抗药性;在二斑叶螨发生初期,推荐使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油3 000倍液或24%螺螨酯悬浮剂2 500倍液进行防治。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.