热压温度及板材密度对竹木复合层积材顺纹抗压强度的影响

通过单因变量两因素重复试验,以毛竹竹篾和桦木单板为原料,使用酚醛树脂胶黏剂压制竹木复合层积材,分析热压温度及板材密度对竹木复合层积材顺纹抗压强度的影响。结果表明,在试验选定因素水平范围内,热压温度和板材密度对竹木复合层积材顺纹抗压强度影响显著,板材顺纹抗压强度随热压温度的升高而增强,但145℃与160℃两水平之间差异并不显著;不同密度对板材顺纹抗压强度的影响差异显著,板材的顺纹抗压强度随板材密度的增大而增大;在其他工艺参数相对不变的情况下,热压温度与板材密度的交互作用对板材顺纹抗压强度的影响并无显著的影响。     

单板条平行成材(PSL)研究现状及发展趋势

单板条平行成材(PSL)是由窄单板条沿木纤维长度方向定向成型的一种新型木质复合材料。PSL可用生产单板层积材(LVL)或胶合板的剩余窄小单板做原料,单板条涂饰胶粘剂,按轴向排列方式连续送入成型槽进行规格铺装,铺装成型的板坯再持续送入具有微波处理功能的压机,经四面挤压制成大幅面的PSL,最后锯解成要求的规格尺寸。由于单板条的随机铺装,单板条中的天然缺陷如节子、斜纹和幼龄材等分散在板坯中,使PSL的力学性能更加均匀稳定。     

热压压力及板材密度对竹木复合层积材顺纹抗压强度的影响

通过单因变量两因素重复试验,以毛竹竹篾和桦木单板为原料,使用酚醛树脂胶黏剂压制竹木复合层积材,分析热压压力及板材密度对竹木复合层积材顺纹抗压强度的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对竹木复合层积材的微观构造进行了观察.结果表明,在试验选定因素水平范围内,热压压力和板材密度对竹木复合层积材顺纹抗压强度影响显著,板材顺纹抗压强度随热压压力的升高先增大而后减小,且各水平间差异显著;不同密度对板材顺纹抗压强度的影响差异显著,板材的顺纹抗压强度随板材密度的增大而增大;在其他工艺参数相对不变的情况下,热压压力与板材密度的交互作用对板材顺纹抗压强度的影响并无显著的影响.扫描电镜照片显示,热压压力升至一定水平,板材内部结构受到一定程度的损伤.     

影响重组木和单板条平行胶合材力学性能的主要工艺因子的比较与分析(英文)

通过工艺实验,对重组木和单板条平行胶合材(PSL)的主要力学性能进行了研究。采用杨木、落叶松和桦木小径材作为重组木原料;以胶合板厂的杨木及桦木旋切后的废单板条作为PSL的原料。在实验室条件下,利用低质小径木和木材加工剩余物,制造出具有高强度的结构用重组木和PSL;对两种人造木材的工艺条件进行了比较与分析,分别提出了影响重组木和PSL力学强度的主要工艺因子。结果表明热压压力是影响重组木力学强度的一个重要工艺因子,而单板条长厚比对PSL也是一个重要工艺因子。     

C型木质薄壁结构材的轴压性能

【目的】利用杨木单板制备C型木质薄壁结构材,研究其轴压性能及屈曲变形模式,为新型木质结构材在建筑工程领域的应用提供理论基础。【方法】借鉴冷弯薄壁型钢的截面形式,探讨组坯结构、玻璃纤维布(GFC)、卷边和厚度等因子对C型木质薄壁结构材短柱轴压性能的影响。【结果】顺纹单板组坯结构、表层横纹芯层顺纹单板组坯结构和顺纹横纹交错单板组坯结构的平均极限载荷分别为12.5、14.6和12.97 kN。GFC-杨木单板复合C型木质薄壁结构材试件截面的有效性整体较大,在46.46%~50.21%之间;表层GFC芯层顺纹单板组坯结构与表层横纹芯层顺纹单板组坯结构试件相比,用GFC代替横纹弯曲单板,平均截面面积减少26.90%,质量减少5.17%,而极限载荷提高8.63%。外转角表面贴GFC芯层顺纹单板组坯结构与表层GFC芯层顺纹单板组坯结构相比,极限载荷降低34.17%,且局部屈曲半波发生在翼缘和腹板的中间位置。表层GFC芯层顺纹单板组坯结构、表层GFC芯层顺纹单板组坯卷边宽度25 mm结构和表层GFC芯层顺纹单板组坯卷边宽度50 mm结构,对应实际极限承载力分别为15.86、16.76和18.98 kN。表层GFC芯层顺纹单板组坯卷边宽度50 mm结构与表层GFC芯层加厚顺纹单板组坯卷边宽度50 mm结构相比,芯层杨木单板组坯厚度增加从而截面面积增大52.96%,平均每米质量增加33.33%,极限载荷提高90.31%。【结论】 C型木质薄壁结构材相同层数组坯时,表层横纹芯层顺纹单板组坯结构较顺纹单板组坯结构和顺纹横纹交错单板组坯结构合理,轴向承载性能好;用GFC代替横纹弯曲单板,可增强C型木质薄壁结构材轴向承载性能,表现出塑性破坏模式;仅对C型木质薄壁结构材外转角处表层局部粘贴GFC,不能提高无卷边的C型木质薄壁结构材的轴向承载性能。卷边对C型木质薄壁结构材轴向承载性能有强化作用,在0~50 mm卷边宽度范围内,试件轴向承载性能随卷边尺寸增大而增大。C型木质薄壁结构材芯层顺纹单板总厚度增加,C型材试件轴向承载能力也随着提高。     

高温热处理对樟子松板材物理力学性能影响的研究

分别采用170、190、210℃三组处理温度对樟子松板材进行了高温热处理工艺试验,并对处理材和对照样进行了物理、力学性能测试:高温热处理工艺使樟子松木材的绝干密度下降、吸湿性降低,对其抗弯强度亦有较大影响,且此影响随温度升高而增大;对于抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度三项指标则基本无影响.在常规使用环境下,由于处理材与对照样之间存在含水率差异,除了210℃处理材的抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度比对照样略小外,170℃和190℃处理材的三项指标均不同程度高于对照样.     

竹帘胶合板抗压强度的研究

以日本结构胶合板标准为检测依据，采用二次正交旋转组合设计为数学模型，系统地研究了涂胶量、增强剂和热压工艺对竹帘板顺纹、横纹、斜纹抗压强度以及密度四个指标的非线性影响，并得出了回归方程。研究结果表明：竹材自身的强度优势在竹帘板顺纹抗压时能够充分体现，而横纹、斜纹抗压强度相对受胶合性能和竹片单板的结构影响较大。三个方向的抗压强度都不同幅度地超过了日本结构胶合板标准中Ａ级品的指标。     

安徽霍山不同海拔毛竹材力学性质分析

安徽霍山县靠近毛竹天然分布的北部边缘,其独特的地理位置及气候条件影响着毛竹材的各项特性,其中海拔是影响毛竹材力学性质的重要因子。以安徽霍山不同海拔（设120、230、370、510和600 m 5种海拔处理）的毛竹材为试验材料,研究了海拔因子对竹材力学性质的影响。结果表明：海拔因子对霍山毛竹的竹材密度有一定影响,随海拔升高,竹材的气干密度和全干密度呈增大趋势,但差异不大;海拔因子对竹材的顺纹抗压强度和顺纹抗剪强度有显著影响,但对顺纹抗拉强度影响不大。霍山毛竹材的各项力学特性接近传统的建筑用木材,经过合理加工可以替代传统木质建筑材料。     

杨木单板条层积材的制备工艺及性能评价

为了更好地利用单板加工剩余物,采用三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶制备杨木单板条层积材(PSL),探讨涂胶量、热压工艺及板材密度等工艺因子对板材性能的影响。在本试验条件下,较优工艺参数为:涂胶量(双面)300g/m~2、热压温度130℃、热压时间75 s/mm、板材密度0.60 g/cm~3,制备的PSL物理力学性能优良,甲醛释放量低于GB 18580-2001中E1限量值(≤1.5 mg/L),可用作室内装饰装修用材。     

单板条双向定向重组装饰板材研制

介绍了一种单板条双向定向重组装饰木板的制造方法。采用该法制成的重组木板是由多条厚度为0.5~5mm、宽度为10~100mm、长度不限的单板条以宽面倾斜贴合并经施胶固化而成的板材;板材中单板条的长度方向与板材长度方向大致相同,单板条的宽度方向与板材的板面相交成15°~85°的夹角。该重组木板的制备工艺包括:1)单板制备;2)单板条制备;3)单板条端头加工;4)单板条干燥;5)单板条施胶;6)单板条陈化;7)双向定向组坯;8)压固成型;9)毛坯板材加工处理。采用该法制成的重组木板材表面具有类似于天然木材表面的条带状花纹,具有很好的装饰效果,可直接用于地板、家具面板和建筑装饰面材等领域。     

Effect of mat structure on modulus of elasticity of oriented strandboard

A model to predict bending stiffness of oriented strandboard (OSB) was tested with pilot plant experimental data. The experimental procedure developed in this study is unique in that it allows the model to be tested for extensive vertical configurations of strand angle distribution. After validation, the model was used to simulate a typical three-layer cross-oriented OSB panel with a vertical density profile and strand angle distribution measured on industrial panels. Analysis of the simulated vertical distribution of modulus of elasticity (MOE) indicated that the layers near the panel surfaces contributed much more to the effective parallel panel MOE than those close to the panel thickness center, with 80% of parallel MOE coming from the top 41% of weight and 32% of thickness. The effectiveness of methods to increase parallel bending stiffness through improving mat structure was evaluated. Increasing face/core weight ratio from 54/46 to 66/34 resulted in a 3.7% increase in simulated parallel MOE. Alignment of strands in face layers was identified having a greater potential to increase parallel MOE. Simulations with three improved strand angle distributions showed gains of 5.7, 12.0 and 19.8% in parallel MOE compared with a typical strand angle distribution of industrial OSB panels.     

竹木复合定向刨花板强度性能研究

本文论述了竹材、意大利杨复合定向刨花板的强度性能,就胶种、刨花厚度、竹材所占比率、板密度、板坯结构、施胶量等诸因子对板材强度性能的影响进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)胶种对竹木复合定向刨花板的强度影响不大;(2)降低刨花厚度或提高板密度均可使板材强度提高;(3)单层结构的复合定向刨花板强度最高;(4)提高板材中竹材的比率可使板子强度明显改善;但竹材比率过高时,板材强重比反而下降,呈开口向下的抛物线型变化;(5)酚醛树脂定向刨花板的强度随原料酸性增大而降低。     

细叶桉和赤桉种源间材性变异研究

对海南岛乐东尖峰岭和琼海上甬的８年生细叶桉和赤桉共１５个种源（含刚果１２号桉）的木材进行了基本密度、纤维长度和宽度测定及分析。结果表明,两树种的基本密度及纤维长度在种源间均表现出显著差异。纤维宽度差异较小,变异大小排序：木材纤维长度〉基本密度〉纤维宽度。赤桉的基本密度和纤维长度值较细叶桉更易受环境影响。不同种源的树皮厚度差异显著。不同方位间的树皮厚度有差异,北向最厚。种源间不同取样等分析纤维长度影     

长白落叶松自由授粉家系生长和材性遗传变异及性状相关的研究

本文描述了红皮云杉的最佳播种量的研究。结果表明，其最佳播种为１５ｋｇ／ｍｕ．这不但可以节约种子，而且还可以提高苗木质量。     

Image analysis and bending properties of model OSB panels as a function of strand distribution,shape and size

The technique of image analysis has been used to assess the quality of model oriented strand board panels by investigating the relationships between shape and size of strands, the distribution of strands and bending properties. A batch of commercial strands was analysed by image analysis and the distribution of the shape and size of strands was quantified. The strands were categorised into five strand types as a function of size and aspect ratio. In general, strand shapes were observed to be mostly rectangular and there was also a wide variation in strand dimensions in commercial material. Bigger area strands had low aspect ratios and small strands had high aspect ratios. Half of the commercial strands were longer than 100 mm.Model OSB panels were manufactured in the laboratory by hot pressing strand mats formed from each of the five strand types. Strands were laid up by hand into the forming mat and following pressing the orientation and shape of strands was evaluated by image analysis and the panels were tested in a three point bending. Large area (type 3) strands with high aspect ratios produced model panels with optimum strand orientation and mechanical properties.Type 3 panels were also fabricated from strands dropped through a slotted forming device in order to simulate the delivery of strands to the forming line under factory conditions. As the height of strand delivery increased from 0 to 100 to 200 mm the disorientation of strands in the pressed panels progressively increased and as a result mechanical properties in bending were reduced.Image analysis is therefore a powerful tool for evaluating the distribution of commercial strand shapes and the relationship between strand geometry, strand orientation and the mechanical properties of oriented strand board.     

不同初植密度对巨桉木材纤维形态的影响

对不同初植密度（2.0m×4.0m、3.0m×3.0m、3.0m×4.0m）20年生巨桉胸径处外缘材纤维形态特征（纤维长度、宽度、壁厚、腔径、长宽比和壁腔比）进行测定和分析,旨在为定向培育巨桉人工林提供基础数据。研究结果表明：随初植密度的增大,纤维长度、宽度、壁厚、腔径先增大后减小,以3.0m×3.0m的最大;纤维长宽比和壁腔比先减小后增大,3.0m×4.0m的纤维长宽比和壁腔比最大。本研究认为3.0m×3.0m的纤维形态特征为最好。     

Effects of strand length and layer structure on some properties of strandboard made from bamboo

Strandboard panels were experimentally produced from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) using various strand lengths and layer structures to evaluate the effects of manufacturing parameters on panel properties. The strandboard was fabricated in a laboratory using diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) resin and laboratory-made strands of four lengths and four different structures. Strand alignment distributions and concentration parameter (k) values were greatly affected by strand length. A linear correlation was found between the value of k and the modulus of rupture (MOR), with correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.93 for unidirectional boards and three-layer boards, respectively. This correlation may be used to predict the strength properties of boards. Bending properties were significantly affected by both the strand length and the layer structure of the bamboo strandboard tested. Elasticity data from unidirectional boards and random boards can be used to predict the elastic properties of three-layer boards. The linear expansion (LE) of the random boards increased with decreasing strand length. The difficulty in mat forming and resin distribution for longer strands could cause deviation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and LE, especially in strand lengths around 80 mm.     

Nonlinear multivariate modeling of strand density from near-infrared spectra

The variation of juvenile wood concentration within a southern pine feedstock can impact strand density variation during composite processing. Higher strand density variation can equate to increased variance in product performance and higher manufacturing costs. In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with linear and nonlinear methods of calibration was used to predict strand density. The best performing model was developed with a 1st derivative pretreatment and 6 factors including a quadratic term and exhibited a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP)?=?0.0566, R ²?=?0.84, and a ratio of performance to deviation (RPD)?=?2.30. When only the radial surface was presented and a linear model was utilized, the RMSEP was lowered to 0.033 and the RPD increased to 3.93 and confirmed that a random surface orientation will decrease model precision. The Box-Behnken design was found useful in providing a competitive nonlinear calibration model but with a smaller sample size.     

日本落叶松无性系木材性质的遗传变异

对10个10年生日本落叶松无性系的木材基本密度、管胞参数进行了测定.结果表明:木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞宽度和早材长宽比无性系间差异显著;木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞长度,早晚材管胞宽度和早晚材长宽比径向变异模式相似,即从髓心向外以曲线形式不断增加,有时亦有起伏;早材从髓心向外以近似直线的形式缓慢增加,晚材从髓心向外以曲线形式增加,初期增加幅度较大,到一定年龄后趋于水平变化并略有波动;材质性状与树木年轮间的关系以对数方程、幂函数方程、指数方程拟合效果较好;除了晚材壁腔比和早材壁厚外,其它木材性质的重复力均在0.5以上,受中度或中度以上的遗传制约,按照20%的选择率,长宽比和晚材管胞长能获得较高的遗传增益.     

鹅掌楸主要木材性状早期选择可行性研究

邻近江西分宜种源试验林 ,选择一片完整的鹅掌楸 (Liriodendronchinense)近成熟人工林 (1981年栽植 ) ,抽取 33棵样本株 ,分年轮测定了木材基本密度和纤维长度。鹅掌楸木材基本密度径向变异模式呈“V”曲线 ,纤维长度径向变异遵从指数曲线模式 ,研究结果与Harold和Taylor等人关于北美鹅掌楸木材性状径向变异的描述基本一致。幼成龄年 -年相关分析结果表明 ,当大于等于 5个胸高处年轮时 (约相当于树龄 7a生 ) ,两性状幼成龄材相关均显著。利用鹅掌楸 15个 7a生种源材性数据平均值与 17a生人工林材性数据的前 5个年轮段数据 ,进行比较与拟合 ,2组数据在共有时段内成线性关系 ,且回归系数B1 均接近于 1,变化趋势基本平行 ,分析结果表明鹅掌楸幼成龄变异规律从整体上来说存在可比性 ,其材性早期选择是可行的。探讨了平均龄龄相关系数 (MACC)随年龄间隔 (AI)的变异趋势 :两性状MACC与年龄间隔成反比 ,即年龄间隔越大MACC越小 ,这可能源于基因表达的时间控制理论 ,这种变化关系在其他的树种研究中也被提到过。该分析结果从另一侧面阐明了鹅掌楸主要木材性状的早期选择是可行的 ,但选择年龄不宜小于 7a生