新疆农业机械化发展水平评价体系

为科学评价新疆农业机械化发展水平,结合新疆农业机械化发展的具体特点,构建了新的农业机械化水平评价指标体系,确定了各评价指标的权重及评价方法。并运用该评价模型对新疆哈密地区巴里坤县农业机械化水平进行了评价和分析,为今后合理衡量新疆农机化发展水平提供科学依据。      

金华市农业机械化发展水平综合评价

为科学评价农业机械化发展水平，在分析现有农业机械化水平评价方法基础上，根据金华市农业机械化发展现状及统计资料，建立和确定了金华市农业机械化水平评价指标体系、评价标准以及各评价指标的权重。最后，利用1995年-2006年金华市的有关统计数据计算出金华地区的农业机械化水平，评价结果与实际情况基本一致，为提升金华市农业机械化的发展提供科学的宏观管理依据。     

我国农业机械化发展水平评价指标体系构建与实证分析

我国农业机械化发展水平评价指标体系是由农业机械化装备水平、农业机械化作业水平、农业机械化系统体系3个层面所构建的,通过相关分析确定了各级评价指标的权重系数,建立了农业机械化发展水平综合评价模型,对2002年我国各地区农业机械化发展水平进行了测算与评价。     

金华市农业机械化发展水平评价

为促进金华市农业机械化发展,根据现有农业机械化水平评价方法,建立了金华市农业机械化水平评价指标体系,并确定了各指标的权重.在此基础上,利用1996-2006年金华市有关农业机械化统计数据,计算出金华市历年农业机械化水平,同时分析了影响当地农业机械化发展的因素.最后,结合金华市实际,提出了促进金华市农业机械化水平提高的措施与建议.     

浙江省农业机械化水平的总体评价与地区比较

为科学评价农业机械化发展水平,在分析现有农业机械化水平评价方法的基础上,根据浙江省农业机械化发展现状及有关文献,建立和确定了浙江省农业机械化水平评价指标体系、评价标准以及各评价指标的权重;最后,利用2005年浙江省和其所属11个地(市)的有关统计数据计算出全省和各地区的农业机械化水平.评价结果表明,与实际情况基本一致,为加强农业机械化的宏观管理提供了科学依据.     

基于粗糙集与神经网络的农机化发展水平评估方法

在分析现有农业机械化发展水平评价方法的基础上 ,提出了粗糙集理论与人工神经网络技术相结合的农业机械化发展水平评价指标简化体系和评价方法。实例表明 ,约简后的指标体系可以获得原有指标体系的分类结果 ,但比原有模型少了 6 0 %的指标 ,大大减少了信息的需求量 ,为农机化水平评价提供了一种新的途径。     

我国农业机械化发展区域划分

我国地域辽阔，各地区农业机械化发展水平存在较大差异。确定合理的农业机械化评价指标体系，根据各地的实际情况进行合理的区域划分，对于实现分类指导、提高整体农业机械化水平意义重大。介绍了农业机械化发展水平评价指标及区域划分情况。      

我国农业机械化水平评价方法的对比分析

农业机械化水平不仅可以作为反映我国农业机械化发展的一个重要指标,而且还是分析、衡量农业机械化发展的基础。当前,农业机械化水平评价方法可归纳为农业机械化作业水平、农业机械装配水平、农业机械化发展水平和农业机械化指数4种方法。通过对4种评价方法的对比分析,指出各个指标的优劣之处,对各个指标体系内容进行修正,同时对各个评价方法或指标的适用范围作出明确界定。     

基于粗糙集和模糊聚类的农机化水平评价方法

为科学评价农业机械化发展水平,在建立农业机械化发展水平评价指标体系的基础上,利用模糊聚类方法,在不同置信水平上对由评价对象组成的论域进行分类,同时结合粗糙集理论中的知识熵来确定各指标的权重。该方法从统计数据出发,避免了主观因素对评价结果的影响,使评价结果具有相对客观性。实例表明,评价结果与实际情况基本一致,为评价农业机械化发展水平提供了一种新方法。     

金华市农业机械化水平的总体评价和地区比较

为提高金华市农业机械化水平,根据金华市农业机械化发展现状,结合现有农业机械化水平评价指标体系,确定了金华市农业机械化水平的评价标准,并采用专家法对各评价指标分配权重。利用2006年金华市和其所属9个县(市)的有关统计数据,计算出金华市及各县(市)的农业机械化水平,评价结果与实际情况基本一致。最后,结合金华市实际,给出了提高金华市农业机械化水平的措施与建议。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。