南方长期安全储藏高水分玉米的尝试

在高水分玉米储藏过程中，采用高密闭、长时间保持粮堆内PH3有效浓度，能较好地抑制粮食微生物的生长繁殖，有效地抑制粮食呼吸，控制粮温上升。试验证明：在南方全年较长时间高温高湿的环境条件下，半安全粮、危险粮也可以度夏，同时也能进行较长时期(2年以上)安全保管，保持良好的粮食品质，达到安全储藏的目的。     

稻谷储藏真菌危害早期预测的研究

对稻谷储藏过程中,水分和温度的变化与真菌生长关系进行了研究,建立了一种稻谷储藏真菌危害早期预测方法.将12.5％％、13.4％、14.5％、15.6％和16.2％水分稻谷样品,置于10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃恒温箱中储藏180 d,每10 d取一次样检测真菌生长状况.结果表明:12.5％水分稻谷长期储藏是安全的;13.4％水分稻谷短期储存是安全的,长期储藏仍存在潜在风险;14.5％水分稻谷在15℃以下储存半年是安全的;15.6％和16.2％稻谷在实验的6个温度下储存20 d内均检出有真菌生长.不同温度下稻谷储藏真菌生长顺序为:35℃＞30℃＞25℃＞20℃＞15℃＞10℃.基于上述真菌生长规律的研究,对稻谷储存水分、温度和真菌起始生长时间进行幂函数分析,得出稻谷储存水分、温度和真菌危害早期预测曲线,通过本曲线可进行高水分稻谷储存安全期预测.     

高水分粮安全度夏试验报告

对水分为15．3％和14．2％的两仓粮食进行高水分粮安全度夏试验，试验结果表明。通过采取一系列措施，两试验仓的高水分粮都能够安全度夏，色泽、气味正常，没有发生品质劣变现象。1号仓粮食水分自然下降1％，35号仓粮食水分自然下降0.7％。     

CO2气调储粮启封后品质变化的原因及控制方法

对采用CO2气调储藏后的不同水分、不同品质的籼米和粳米，在粮温30℃左右和20℃左右等不同条件启封进行室内试验和实仓试验。启封后不同时间分别取样进行品质测定。试验结果表明，大米品质是启封后品质变化的关键。而大米的水分含量和启封时的温度是CO2气调储藏启封后品质变化的重要因素。     

不同储藏条件下糙米中过氧化氢酶活动度的变化规律

在不同储藏条件下,对糙米中过氧化氢酶活性变化规律进行研究。采用储藏条件为:氧气浓度分别是2%、5%、21%,温度分别为15℃、20℃、30℃,水分分别为13.5%、14.5%、15.5%。以此来进行糙米模拟储藏实验。首先采用单因素实验研究方法,研究了氧气浓度、储藏温度、糙米水分对糙米过氧化氢酶活性的影响规律。研究表明:在3种不同氧气浓度的气调方式中,2%和5%的氧气浓度可使水分在13.5%～14.5%之间、温度范围为15℃～20℃的糙米在5个月的储藏期内过氧化氢酶活性下降控制在25%以内,而在21%氧气浓度的自然储藏条件下,其过氧化氢酶活性下降超过了35%。另外通过比较21%氧气含量、水分13.5%不同温度条件下糙米的过氧化氢酶的活性变化情况,可以看出高温下(30℃)的糙米其过氧化氢酶活性比15℃和20℃的糙米变化要快。在150d的储藏期内下降了37%。且后者在60d出现一个转折点,过氧化氢酶活性变化速率开始明显减小。其中高于15.5%的高水分糙米不宜储藏,实验验证了低氧可以延长高水分糙米的储藏期。通过单因素实验和多因素综合实验,并使用Design一Expert软件进行多因素分析,可以得出各因素之间具有交互作用,其中温度和氧气浓度和水分的交互作用对糙米中过氧化氢酶活性的影响显著。水分和温度越低,糙米品质劣变速度越慢。     

关于国外使用制冷机冷藏粮食的情况

英国一九六五午起已逐步推广使用制冷机保芷高水份粮食的新技术。冷却粮食是使粮温降低到能抑制霉菌、真菌、害虫和螨类的活动而不使变质的温度。一般来讲,含水量为20—22％的粮食(小麦与大麦),温度保持在4.4—10℃能够貯芷几个月。如把粮食温度冷却到5℃,可以使收获后水分20—22％的潮粮,一直保持     

控温储粮综合治理储粮有害生物

控温储粮是指通过自然或机械的方法，调节粮堆温度，使粮堆温度长期保持在15℃或20℃以下，从而降低粮堆的呼吸强度，抑制害虫和微生物的生长，达到安全保粮和保鲜的目的。粮食温度在15℃以下为低温储藏，20℃以下为准低温储藏。     

高大平房仓偏高水分稻谷保质储藏试验

虽然偏高水分粮食通过机械通风降水可以达到安全储存的目的，但粮食数量的损失较大，给粮库造成很大的经济损失，为此湖北京山国家粮食储备库从2004年开始在成都粮食储藏科学研究所的指导下进行了偏高水分粮保质储藏试验研究：采取一定的方法将粮堆外围粮食的水分降到安全标准以内，冬季尽量降低粮温、夏季粮面采用稻壳压盖隔热结合仓顶喷水降温的方法，使60%的偏高水分粮食的温度保持在15℃以下，实现安全度夏，从而减少储粮损失。     

粮油加工技术成果推荐榜

粮食储备安全生产关键技术该项目提出了粮食合理储备量以及合理分布;研究适合不同生态区域的粮食储备安全生产技术;建立粮食储备安全生产数据库;研究主要储备粮种在不同水分、温度及O2与CO2浓度条件下经1年储藏期的品质变化规律,确定品质变化敏感特征指标;建立储备粮品质监测系     

30℃条件下玉米自呼吸对储藏环境中气体浓度变化的影响研究

通过对3种不同水分(偏低水分11.8％、安全水分13.3％和偏高水分16.3％)的玉米在30℃条件下,密闭储藏环境内N2、O2和CO2百分浓度变化的测定,研究密闭储藏环境条件下玉米粮粒周围环境气体成分浓度的变化规律.20 L规模的试验室研究结果表明:不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中N2浓度随时间的变化均不大;不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中O2浓度与储藏时间呈负相关;不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中CO2浓度与储藏时间呈正相关.在气调储藏时,对偏低水分和安全水分的玉米可充分利用粮粒的自呼吸使环境中的O2浓度在21 d内迅速下降,后期可通过粮粒的自呼吸使O2浓度维持在5％左右,偏高水分的玉米在11 d内即可使O2浓度迅速下降,但后期O2浓度接近0％,无氧呼吸加剧.通过对玉米密闭储藏环境中气体浓度以及耗氧量和CO2累积量随时间的变化趋势线进行回归分析,得到30℃条件下不同水分玉米密闭环境中N2、O2和CO2的回归方程以及耗氧量和CO2累积量的回归方程,利用相应回归方程,可获得玉米在密闭储藏时环境中不同储藏时间段的气体浓度,为气调储藏时玉米粮粒自呼吸的合理利用提供基础技术参数和数据模型.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.