纤维素/半纤维素酶处理对杨木表面胶合性能的影响研究

研究了速生杨木单元经过纤维素酶和半纤维素酶处理后的表面润湿性能、化学基团和胶合强度的变化。结果表明:随着纤维素酶和半纤维素酶用量的增加,杨木的表面自由能和胶合强度逐渐上升。在试验区间内,酶处理时间越长,杨木的胶合性能改善效果越明显。     

酚醛树脂改性对管胞细胞壁力学性能的影响

采用水溶性低分子质量酚醛树脂处理杉木试样,使用纳米压痕测试技术对其管胞细胞壁的弹性模量和硬度进行测试。结果表明:处理试样管胞细胞壁的平均弹性模量和硬度比对照试样分别增加了32.94%和32.93%。使用紫外显微分光光度计分析得知,处理试样管胞细胞壁的吸光度远高于对照试样,说明低分子质量的酚醛树脂能够扩散进入到纳米级孔隙的杉木管胞细胞壁S2层内,并最终引起细胞壁力学性质的增加。     

响叶杨细胞壁尺寸参数及其纳米压痕特性

利用原子力显微镜对响叶杨细胞的特征参数与形貌进行分析,并对响叶杨细胞壁表面的纳米压弹性进行测量.结果表明:响叶杨细胞横截面的壁厚平均尺寸为2.230 μm;壁长平均尺寸为9.498 μm;细胞外径为9.023～26.802 μm,平均尺寸为19.723 μm;响叶杨细胞壁S2层(大约位于细胞壁的中部)上的压痕点为有效测试值,其平均弹性模量和硬度可以用来代表细胞壁的纵向硬度和弹性模量,即所选择的响叶杨细胞壁的平均弹性模量和硬度分别为18.52 GPa和478.59 MPa.     

疏水改性对杉木微观力学性能的影响

为提高木材尺寸稳定性,利用烷基烯酮二聚体对杉木进行疏水改性处理,同时运用纳米压痕技术分析评价疏水处理对木材纳米力学性能的影响.结果表明,当处理剂的质量分数为5％、处理时间为30 min时,疏水效果最好,同时最节约成本;疏水处理会降低杉木S2层细胞壁的弹性模量,当处理剂质量分数为5％时影响较小;杉木S2层细胞壁蠕变值会随处理剂质量分数和处理时间的增加呈现上升的趋势.     

酶处理对麦秸表面胶合性能的影响

研究麦秸单元经过纤维素酶和半纤维素酶处理后的表面润湿性能、化学基团和胶合强度的变化.结果表明:在试验区间内,随着纤维素酶和半纤维素酶用量的增加,麦秸的表面胶合强度逐渐上升,UF树脂对麦秸表面接触角逐渐减小;酶处理时间的延长,有利于麦秸表面胶合强度的提高.     

半纤维素酶/漆酶协同预处理工艺对竹刨花自生胶合性能的影响

研究半纤维素酶和漆酶的酶用量、缓冲溶液pH值、处理温度和时间对竹材自生胶合刨花板内结合强度的影响,结果表明:半纤维素酶/漆酶预处理主要参数对竹刨花自生胶合性能有不同程度影响,酶用量影响最显著。优化预处理参数为:处理温度60～70℃,半纤维素酶用量约500IU/g,缓冲溶液pH为9,处理时间45min,漆酶用量约30IU/g,缓冲溶液pH=3～4,处理时间120min。该结论可为半纤维素酶/漆酶协同预处理竹刨花制造自生胶合刨花板提供理论指导。     

竹材表面冷等离子体改性后的时效性

用冷等离子体处理带有竹青和竹黄的竹材表面,用水和二碘甲烷测试不同放置时间下竹片表面接触角,根据Kaelble公式计算表面自由能及其分量.结果表明:冷等离子体改性后的竹片表面自由能显著提高,竹青和竹黄较改性前分别提高71.7%和39.4%.改性后竹片表面自由能随放置时间的增长逐渐降低,6-10 d内活性降低比较迅速,在28～42 d后接近于改性前水平,竹青的变化趋势较竹黄明显.     

2种农作物秸秆纤维细胞壁的纳米力学性能

利用纳米压痕仪对2种农作物秸秆纤维细胞壁的纳米力学性能进行研究.结果表明:麦秸纤维细胞壁纵向弹性模量高于稻秸纤维细胞壁纵向弹性模量,其数值分别为20.8和19.4 GPa;2种秸秆纤维细胞壁硬度数值分别为0.65和0.50 GPa.在纳米尺度下,秸秆纤维细胞壁纵向弹性模量低于多数阔叶树材,但高于针叶树材和再生纤维素纤维,其细胞壁硬度的平均值高于木材及再生纤维素纤维.     

水载铜基防腐剂处理对竹条表面润湿性的影响

以水载铜基防腐剂季铵铜(ACQ)和铜唑(Cu Az)处理毛竹竹条,采用蒸馏水、二碘甲烷、甲酰胺3种参照液体,测定其在防腐处理竹材表面的接触角,并利用几何平均法计算处理材的表面自由能,探讨防腐处理对竹材表面润湿性的影响。结果表明,竹黄面的表面自由能略高于竹青面,但二者差异不显著(p0.05);ACQ与Cu Az处理材的表面自由能差异显著,ACQ处理材的表面自由能高于Cu Az处理材;与未处理材相比,经过防腐剂处理的竹材,大多数表面自由能有所增加,但是随着载药量升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势;当ACQ载药量达到5.2 kg·m-3,Cu Az达到2.2 kg·m-3,防腐处理材与对照样的表面自由能差异不显著。     

漆酶处理对未漂硫酸盐浆抗张强度和纤维表面的影响

探讨了漆酶处理对未漂硫酸盐浆抗张强度的影响,研究了漆酶处理的主要工艺参数对纸页湿抗张强度的影响;并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对漆酶处理前后纤维表面微细结构的变化进行了研究。结果表明,漆酶可以改善纸浆的湿抗张强度,但对于抗张强度不起作用;提高纸浆湿强度的最佳酶促反应条件为:酶用量16U(以每克绝干浆计),温度45℃,pH值4.5,处理时间2h。扫描电镜分析表明,漆酶处理使得纤维表面变得粗糙,纤维之间产生了黏结性,湿强度得以提高。     

Influence of the thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments of wood on the performance against wood-degrading fungi

Hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus trichocarpa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) wood specimens were densified with three variations of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) treatment. The THM treatments differed in the steam environment, including transient steam (TS), saturated steam (SS), and saturated steam with 1-min post–heat treatment at 200 °C (SS+PHT). The bending properties, FTIR spectra, and colour of the THM wood specimens were studied before and after exposure to two different wood decay fungi, brown rot Gloeophyllum trabeum, and white rot Trametes versicolor. The results showed that the performance of densified hybrid poplar wood was considerably poorer than the performance of Douglas-fir heartwood. The FTIR spectra measurements did not show changes in the densified hybrid poplar wood, while some changes were evident in densified Douglas-fir specimens. After fungal degradation, the most prominent changes were observed on the SS+PHT specimens. Colour is one of the most important parameter predominantly influenced by the wood species and the intensity of the densification process for both wood species, while after fungal exposure, the colour of all densified Douglas-fir specimens obtained more or less the same appearance, and densified hybrid poplar specimens resulted in lighter colour tones, indicating that the pattern of degradation of the densified and non-densified specimens are similar. The 3-point bending test results determined that the THM treatment significantly increased the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the densified wood specimens, while fungal exposure decreased the MOE and MOR in hybrid poplar and Douglas-fir specimens.     

表层压缩技术在杨木实木地板生产中的应用

为扩大意杨木材的应用领域、实现高附加值利用,对意杨木材进行表层压缩处理,再将其制成实木地板.对表层压缩意杨木材的性能,及地板成品漆膜性能的检测结果表明:表面压缩处理后,意杨木材表层密度增加;再经热处理后,表面硬度、弹性模量,弦向尺寸稳定性均有增加,但静曲强度略有降低 ;制成的杨木实木地板的漆膜硬度增加.     

Effect of accelerated aging on some physical and mechanical properties of bamboo

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of accelerated aging on compression strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, color change, volumetric swelling, and volumetric shrinkage of bamboo specimens with and without node sections. In the study, these properties were compared with those of Scots pine and beech wood specimens. Depending on bamboo sections, the aging procedure reduced modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and compression strength. Bamboo specimens showed relatively high strength properties compared to wood specimens due to having high density. Strength properties increased from bottom to top of bamboo culms. The presence of nodes in the specimens reduced compression strength and modulus of rupture but affected modulus of elasticity slightly. Remarkable color changes in specimens were observed after aging. Volumetric swelling and shrinkage of bamboo specimens exposed to aging decreased probably due to heat effect of aging procedure.     

Application of response surface methodology for evaluating particleboard properties made from cotton stalk particles

High-quality wood resource scarcity as well as population growth and demand of wood have encouraged the use of alternative sources of lignocellulosic materials. In this study, the possibility of producing particleboard from waste cotton stalks is evaluated. The effects of the independent variables included weight ratio of melamine-formaldehyde to urea-formaldehyde, shelling ratio and the percentage of cotton stalks to poplar in the core layer were analyzed in the form of response surface methodology based on second-order multiple linear regression model. The results showed that there was perfect agreement between the estimated values and observed data, as with an increase in the ratio of melamine-formaldehyde resin to urea-formaldehyde, shelling ration and amount of poplar in the core layer of panels, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding increase. The optimal point of use of investigated variables included 18.30% melamine-formaldehyde, 30.35% thickness of the surface layers and 10.70% of poplar in the core layer.     

单板湿热塑化处理对杨木LVL的性能影响

对杨木单板湿热处理后制造单板层积材进行了初步研究。研究表明:对单板进行调湿热压预处理,降低了单板的吸水性,降低了单板层积材的吸水厚度膨胀率,使其弹性模量增加;同时随着处理单板的含水率和热压温度的增加,这些变化呈现出了加强的趋势。     

Evaluation of quality indexes of bending performance and hardness for hardwoods

The mechanical properties of 613 small clear specimens of 35 species (11 ring-porous hardwoods, 19 diffuse-porous hardwoods, and 5 softwoods) were evaluated. The aim of the study was to examine indexes of wood quality that are easy to measure and that exhibit a high correlation with bending performance and hardness that are essential properties of hardwood products. The modulus of rigidity, dynamic modulus of elasticity, bending properties (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, stress at the proportional limit, absorbed energy, Tetmajer’s modulus), dynamic energy absorption by an impact bending test, compressive strength parallel to the grain, shear strength, partial bearing strength, and Brinell’s hardness were measured. A high correlation was found between dynamic modulus of elasticity and static modulus of elasticity. Bending stress at the proportional limit was found to be approximately equivalent to the compressive strength parallel to the grain. Static energy absorption correlated with dynamic energy absorption. Tetmajer’s modulus was found to be closely related to the ratio of the initial stiffness within the elastic range to the secant modulus at the maximum load. A high correlation was observed between Brinell’s hardness and partial bearing strength. The difference in the regression coefficients obtained for these correlations between the species groups was small. Part of this study was presented at the All Division 5 Conference of IUFRO, Taipei, October 2007     

Compression control and its significance in the manufacture and effects on properties of poplar LVL

Summary In order to control the compression effectively, the main processing parameters for hot-pressing of poplar LVL were investigated in this study. Results from an orthogonal experiment show qualitatively that compression of poplar LVL is influenced by pressing pressure and moisture content of the veneers. High press pressure and veneer moisture content lead to high compression during hot pressing. It is shown that compression has significant effects on modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, specific gravity and thickness swelling of poplar LVL. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and specific gravity appear to be directly proportional to compression within the compression range of 5% to 20%. Horizontal shear strength results indicate that, due to inadequate contact, proper glue bond may not be achieved between veneers of LVL with low compression. Thickness swelling appears not sensitive to compression between the compression range of 4% to 10%.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to this study, which was carried out when the first author was a visiting scientist at Wood Science and Technology Centre, University of New Brunswick, Canada. The veneers and adhesive used in this study were provided by Temlam Inc., Ville-Marie, Quebec. Their contribution is gratefully acknowledged.     

林下耕作对滩地杨树木材物理力学性质的影响研究

本文对长江滩地这一特定立地条件下经过人为耕作与非耕作模式下的杨树木材物理力学性质及应力木分布情况与力学性质间的关系进行了比较研究。结果表明：林下耕作可提高杨树木材密度,与对照木相比,基本密度和气千密度差异性分别达显著与极显著水平;能够减少应拉木的产生,与对照木相比差异百分率达24．82％,进而使木材的差异干缩减小,木材尺寸稳定性提高;各项力学指标均优于对照杨树,且与应力木的量呈线性负相关,其中抗弯强度与抗弯弹性模量与其相关性显著。     

浸渍塑化杨木单板顺纹弯曲性能研究

本研究以酚醛树脂为浸渍液,杨木单板为木材试样,对经浸渍塑化处理的杨木单板进行三点弯曲试验,探索了木/竹复合层合板的组分材料--塑化杨木单板受不同压力时的顺纹弯曲弹性性能,并分析了其与塑化压力间的关系.结果表明,塑化杨木单板的静曲模量和静曲强度与塑化压力呈非线性关系.通过对杨木单板试验研究,为木材/竹材复合材料制造过程中的结构设计和生产工艺提供一定的理论依据和基本思路,并对产品的设计、组织现场生产和产品质量评估提供一定的参考.