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RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)是真核生物中高度保守的基因沉默现象,在医药与植物保护领域展现出广阔的应用潜力,相关产品已进入或即将进入医药与杀虫剂市场。近年来,科研工作者在基于RNAi技术的植物病原微生物的防控方面开展了大量研究,取得了进展,但仍无法实现基于RNAi防治植物病原真菌技术的商业化应用。本文概述了RNAi研究从1990年至今的发展历程,从细胞生物学、分子生物学角度提出了RNAi病害防控技术产品化瓶颈问题的新见解,同时讨论了基于RNAi的杀菌剂对传统化学杀菌剂的影响,可为RNAi杀菌剂的创制和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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RNA干扰又称转录后基因沉默,是一种能有效沉默或抑制目标基因表达的新兴基因工程技术。基于RNA干扰的生物农药被认为是未来植保领域的颠覆性技术,将极大改变人类防治农业病、虫、草等有害生物的思路和策略。本文我们简单回顾了RNA干扰的基本作用机制和发展历程,全面总结了RNAi生物农药的研究水平和应用现状,深入分析了RNAi生物农药发展面临的机遇和挑战,以及未来的发展前景。以期为我国RNAi生物农药的研发提供参考。 相似文献
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基因沉默是广泛存在于各种生物中的一种古老现象,是生物抵抗外来入侵者的保护机制。RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)则是近年来发现的一种重要基因沉默现象。此策略已在植物抗病毒育种等研究中应用,如对水稻、大麦、大豆、玉米、马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、木瓜、南瓜、李、烟草等的抗病毒研究。在转基因抗病毒展现出诱人的前景时,对转基因抗病毒植物释放的安全性问题的关注也越来越多。本文介绍了RNAi的作用机制,在转基因抗病毒育种中的应用,并探讨了以RNAi为基础的转基因抗病毒作物的食用安全性和环境安全性等问题。 相似文献
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RNAi (RNA干扰) 是指由诱导分子siRNA (小干扰 RNA)、miRNA (微小RNA)或piRNA (P 转座子诱导互作 RNA) 特异性降解或者抑制同源mRNA,引起靶标基因沉默的现象。RNAi技术具有操作简便、特异性和选择性强等显著特点,是目前农业生命科学领域最有可能应用于病虫害防控的新技术之一。本文通过综述近年来RNAi在农业病虫害防控领域应用的最新研究成果,并对RNAi技术在新靶标基因筛选、高效dsRNA载体开发、与传统农药相结合以及拓宽应用范围等诸多方面的发展前景进行了展望,同时还针对RNAi干扰效率、稳定性、成本控制、抗性发展及抗性治理等方面所面临的挑战进行了深入探讨,提出了合理建议。基于RNAi技术的病虫害防控策略将继续焕发新的活力,为综合防控提供新理念。 相似文献
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正向和反向重复RNA介导的抗马铃薯Y病毒基因工程比较研究 总被引:20,自引:2,他引:20
RNA介导的病毒抗性与RNA沉默现象密切相关。反向重复cDNA序列(IR)的转录产物往往形成双链RNA结构,而双链RNA是诱发RNA沉默的有效因子。据此,本研究通过体外合成马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系衣壳蛋白基因(PVYN-CP)5'端反向重复cDNA序列和正向重复cDNA序列(DR),分别构建植物表达载体pROK-IR和pROK-DR,利用农杆菌介导方法转化烟草NC89,比较这2种转基因烟草在RNA介导抗病性方面的差异。抗病性检测表明,转化IR和DR的转基因烟草均可获得抗病程度达到免疫的植株,但转化IR序列可大大提高抗病植株在转基因植株中的比例。分析结果表明所获得的抗病性为RNA介导的抗病性,是RNA沉默的结果。这一研究结果为利用IR策略进行抗病毒遗传育种提供了理论依据,并为讲一步开展RNA介导抗病性的机制研究奠宗了基础。 相似文献
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QTL作图在植物数量抗病性遗传研究中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文综述了近年来在植物数量抗病性遗传研究方面的进展及发展动态。列举了利用DNA分子标记定位和估计植物数量抗性座位或基因(QRL)的18个实例,从中归纳总结了控制植物数量抗病性的QRL数目、类别、效应及其基因与基因和基因与环境、植株生育期、病菌生理小种(或致病类型)间的互作关系。展望了QTL作图对复杂的数量抗病性的标记辅助选育和数量抗性基因图位克隆的发展前景。 相似文献
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RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是指由内源或外源的双链RNA(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)引发的mRNA降解,导致特异性阻碍靶标基因表达的现象,在昆虫学研究领域中得到广泛应用。如功能基因研究、基因表达调控及信号传导通路、益虫保护、新型农药的开发、害虫防治等。本文总结了RNAi技术应用于害虫防治上的原理,即以miRNA、siRNA及piRNA等小分子RNA介导的基因沉默过程,分析了影响RNAi技术防治效率的因素,如dsRNA导入方式、导入剂量和靶标基因的选择等,旨在进一步探讨RNAi应用于害虫防治的机理和存在问题,为运用RNAi技术防治害虫新思路奠定基础。 相似文献
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Anil Kumar Atul Kakrana Anil Sirohi K. Subramaniam R. Srinivasan M. Z. Abdin Pradeep K. Jain 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(2):91-97
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are one of the most important biotic factors limiting crop productivity in many crop plants. The major RKN control strategies include development of resistant cultivars, application of nematicides and crop rotation, but each has its own limitations. In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful approach for developing nematode resistance. The two housekeeping genes, splicing factor and integrase, of Meloidogyne incognita were targeted for engineering nematode resistance using a host-delivered RNAi (HD-RNAi) approach. Splicing factor and integrase genes are essential for nematode development as they are involved in RNA metabolism. Stable homozygous transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing dsRNA for both genes were generated. In RNAi lines of splicing factor gene, the number of galls, females and egg masses was reduced by 71.4, 74.5 and 86.6%, respectively, as compared with the empty vector controls. Similarly, in RNAi lines of the integrase gene, the number of galls, females and egg masses was reduced up to 59.5, 66.8 and 63.4%, respectively, compared with the empty vector controls. Expression analysis revealed a reduction in mRNA abundance of both targeted genes in female nematodes feeding on transgenic plants expressing dsRNA constructs. The silencing of housekeeping genes in the nematodes through HD-RNAi significantly reduced root-knot nematode infectivity and suggests that they will be useful in developing RKN resistance in crop plants. 相似文献
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RNA interference technology in crop protection against arthropod pests,pathogens and nematodes 下载免费PDF全文
Moises Zotti Ericmar Avila dos Santos Deise Cagliari Olivier Christiaens Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning Guy Smagghe 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1239-1250
Scientists have made significant progress in understanding and unraveling several aspects of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐mediated gene silencing during the last two decades. Now that the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism is well understood, it is time to consider how to apply the acquired knowledge to agriculture and crop protection. Some RNAi‐based products are already available for farmers and more are expected to reach the market soon. Tailor‐made dsRNA as an active ingredient for biopesticide formulations is considered a raw material that can be used for diverse purposes, from pest control and bee protection against viruses to pesticide resistance management. The RNAi mechanism works at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level, exploiting a sequence‐dependent mode of action, which makes it unique in potency and selectivity compared with conventional agrochemicals. Furthermore, the use of RNAi in crop protection can be achieved by employing plant‐incorporated protectants through plant transformation, but also by non‐transformative strategies such as the use of formulations of sprayable RNAs as direct control agents, resistance factor repressors or developmental disruptors. In this review, RNAi is presented in an agricultural context (discussing products that have been launched on the market or will soon be available), and we go beyond the classical presentation of successful examples of RNAi in pest‐insect control and comprehensively explore its potential for the control of plant pathogens, nematodes and mites, and to fight against diseases and parasites in beneficial insects. Moreover, we also discuss its use as a repressor for the management of pesticide‐resistant weeds and insects. Finally, this review reports on the advances in non‐transformative dsRNA delivery and the production costs of dsRNA, and discusses environmental considerations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Diana Leibman Nelia Ortega-Parra Dalia Wolf Meital Shterkman Inge Hanssen Amit Gal-On 《Plant pathology》2021,70(4):1003-1012
RNA interference (RNAi) or gene silencing is a natural defence response of plants to invading viruses. Here, we applied this approach against pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates in their natural host, tomato. PepMV isolates differ in their genetic sequences, the severity of the disease they induce, and their worldwide distribution. PepMV causes heavy crop losses, mainly due to impaired tomato fruit quality. Resistant varieties are not yet available, despite many years of resistance breeding efforts within the tomato seed industry. To generate broad resistance to PepMV strains, conserved sequences from three different strains of PepMV (US1, LP, and CH2) were synthesized as a single insert and cloned in a hairpin configuration into a binary vector, which was used to transform tomato plants. Transgenic tomato lines that expressed a high level of transgene-siRNA exhibited immunity to PepMV strains, including a new Israeli isolate. This immunity was maintained even after graft inoculation, in which a transgenic scion was grafted onto nontransgenic infected rootstocks. However, an immune transgenic rootstock was unable to induce resistance in a nontransformed scion. These results provide the first example of engineered immunity to diverse PepMV strains in transgenic tomato based on gene silencing. 相似文献
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RNA沉默技术由于其简便、高效及高特异性在各种模式和非模式生物系统中得到了广泛的应用。植物转基因技术是将植物、动物或微生物中分离到的目的基因,通过各种手段整合到植物基因组上,使其稳定遗传并赋予植物新的优良性状的生物技术。RNA沉默在植物转基因工程领域的研究十分广泛,目前已经成功研究培育出许多抗病毒、抗虫转基因植物,为农业病虫害的防控提供了新的思路和方法。本文重点综述了近年来植物转基因介导RNA沉默在抗虫与抗病毒研究方面的进展,加深人们对转基因植物抗虫与抗病毒研究的认识。 相似文献