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1.
应用AFLP分子标记技术对福建东山和广东阳江褐毛鲿养殖群体进行了遗传多样性分析。采用6对选择性引物组合对2个群体60个个体进行扩增,共扩增出313个位点,多态位点85个。东山和阳江褐毛鲿养殖群体的多态位点比例、Nei’s基因多样性指数、Shannon遗传多样性指数分别为24.60%和25.56%、0.0795和0.0768、0.1210和0.1176,2个群体的遗传多样性均处于较低水平。遗传分化系数Gst及AMO-VA分析表明,2个群体的遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间。UPGMA聚类图及PCA分析显示,群体间具有典型的地理特征,且出现了一定程度的遗传分化。  相似文献   

2.
两种壳色虾夷扇贝的RAPD分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用RAPD技术对两种壳色虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis的遗传多样性和遗传结构及其分化进行研究。用筛选出的22个随机引物对白色贝和褐色贝各40个个体进行RAPD扩增,进行群体内及群体间的遗传学分析。白色贝共检测出128个多态位点,多态位点的比例为79.5%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.424;褐色贝共检测出127个多态位点,多态位点的比例为78.9%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.423。白色贝和褐色贝之间的遗传相似性指数和遗传距离为0.961和0.039,二者之间的遗传分化指数Gst为0.052,遗传分化的程度较低。结果表明,白色贝和褐色贝之间的等位基因频率、多态位点的比例和遗传多样性等的差别不明显,遗传变异主要来自于群体内。S285—1在褐色贝大部分个体中都能获得扩增片段,但在白色贝所有个体中均未见这个位点的扩增片段,推断S285—1为白色贝的特异阴性片段。  相似文献   

3.
文蛤养殖群体和野生群体遗传多样性的AFLP 分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
应用AFLP标记技术对辽宁和山东沿海文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)养殖群体和野生群体的遗传多样性进行分析。采用7对AFLP引物组合对5个群体(3个野生群体,2个养殖群体)150个个体进行扩增,共得到364个的位点。5个群体内的多态位点比例为84.3945%~87.6465%,总多态位点比例为99.6300%。群体的Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.2301~0.2634;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0.3617~0.4248,群体间的遗传距离为0.0394~0.1609,群体内个体间的遗传距离为0.2592~0.5360。辽宁大洼野生群体和山东河口野生群体的多态位点比例、Shannon多样性指数和群体内遗传距离均高于辽宁盘山和辽宁庄河养殖群体,辽宁庄河野生群体的遗传多样性处于中等水平。用UPGMA方法构建的群体系统进化树显示,辽宁庄河野生群体单独成为一支,辽宁大洼野生群体与庄河养殖群体聚到一起,辽宁盘山养殖群体与山东野生群体聚到一起,但是用这5个群体的150个个体进行的聚类结果显示,所有个体基本是随机交叉聚类,不能形成明显的类群分支。分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,文蛤群体94.04%的变异来源于群体内,群体间的变异仅占5.96%。以上结果表明,文蛤群体内遗传多样性非常丰富,群体间相似性较大,且存在较强的基因交流。[中国水产科学,2008,15(2):215-221]  相似文献   

4.
罗氏沼虾浙江养殖群体与缅甸自然群体遗传差异的RAPD分析   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19  
李明云 《水产学报》2004,28(4):360-364
利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术,对浙江省罗氏沼虾养殖群体和新引进的缅甸自然群体的遗传差异进行了比较分析,以期从分子水平了解罗氏沼虾的种群遗传多样性背景及与引种的关系。采用经筛选的22个10bp的随机引物对罗氏沼虾两群体各20尾进行群体RAPD分析。22个引物共检测到139个位点。养殖群体的多态位点比例为30.22%,群体平均杂合度为0.2646,Shannon多样性指数为0.0780,群体内各个体之间的遗传共享度为0.9353,遗传距离为0.0647;自然群体的多态位点比例为33.81%,群体的平均杂合度和Shannon多样性指数分别为0.2888和0.0940,群体内各个体之间的遗传共享度为0.9201,遗传距离为0.0799;两群体之间的遗传距离为0.1845。自然群体的遗传多样性水平比养殖群体要高。利用随机引物S9和S52,在罗氏沼虾两群体间扩增出2条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带。  相似文献   

5.
采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对李仙江流域景东、国庆和大寨长石爬鮡(Euchiloglanis longus)种群的遗传多样性进行了分析.从100条RAPD随机引物中筛选出20条引物,对长石爬鮡3个地理种群进行了分析;共检测到58个有效位点,其中多态位点36个,多态位点达62.07%,Nei基因多样性指数为0.2378,Shannon信息指数为0.3501.3个群体未检测到各自特有的扩增带.AMOVA分析结果显示,大多数(73.06%)的遗传变异由群体内不同个体间的遗传差异造成,26.94%的遗传变异来自于群体间.种群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.2104,基因流Nm为1.8762.根据个体间遗传距离进行的PCoA分析显示,3个群体基本分开.  相似文献   

6.
通过AFLP技术对中国东南沿海的3个不同体色花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhinchus cinctus)养殖群体进行了遗传分析。6对引物组合从3个群体中扩增出370个位点,其中多态位点比例为49.5%,每对引物组合扩增的片段为51~71条,平均6113条,每对引物组合多态位点检出率为39.4%-56.5%。正常群体、白色和灰色变异群体的多态位点比例分别为41.4%、36.3%、34.3%,平均杂合度分别为0.1145、0.0887和0.0837。遗传多样性衡量指标表明,正常花尾胡椒鲷养殖群体的遗传变异量相对最大,遗传多样性相对较高,白色变异群体次之,而灰色变异群体最低,白色变异群体和灰色变异群体两者间遗传多样性差异并不显著(P〉0.05),显示变异群体的遗传多样性降低。正常群体与白色群体之间的遗传距离(0.0354)最大,遗传相似系数最小(0.9652)。同时,遗传分化系数只(0.1362)和AMOVA方差分量百分比(10.68%)也表明群体间存在着一定程度的遗传结构分化,说明对体色这一特定表型性状的人为定向选育对花尾胡椒鲷养殖群体的遗传变异产生一定的影响。  相似文献   

7.
应用AFLP技术对光棘球海胆的大连长海县群体、大连旅顺群体及日本青森县群体进行遗传多样性分析。试验结果表明,4对引物组合扩增得到231个扩增位点,其中168个多态位点,多态位点总比例为72.73%;3个群体的遗传多样性指数分别为0.3020±0.1925、0.2995±0.1977和0.2945±0.1935;Shannon多样性指数分别为0.4390±0.2767、0.4344±0.2820和0.4298±0.2766;群体内遗传变异系数为0.2987±0.0366,群体间遗传分化系数为0.0230,说明群体内的遗传多样性比较丰富。3个群体之间的遗传距离无显著差异,遗传相似度基本一致,用UPGMA方法对3个群体的143个个体的聚类分析显示,3个群体的个体交互混杂在一起,3个群体间没有因为地理隔离而产生明显的遗传分化。  相似文献   

8.
长江口刀鲚遗传多样性的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对长江口刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)30个个体的遗传多样性进行了检测,从40个随机引物中筛选出17个对每个刀鲚的DNA进行扩增,结果表明,17个引物共检测到148条清晰且重复性好的条带,分子量在200~2000bp之间,其中多态位点为86个,占58.11%;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0.1905,Nei基因多样性指数为0.2280;个体间最大遗传距离为0.212,最小遗传距离为0.092。通过与其他鱼类的遗传多样性的研究结果比较可初步判断,刀鲚群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。  相似文献   

9.
黄姑鱼群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19  
韩志强 《水产学报》2006,30(5):640-646
对青岛和厦门黄姑鱼群体的遗传多样性进行了AFLP分析,5对选择性引物在两个群体47个个体中,共扩增出461个位点,多态位点265个。青岛和厦门群体的多态位点比例、Nei遗传多样性指数和Shannon遗传多样性指数分别为51.70%、51.99%,0.1022、0.0996,0.1643、0.1622;两个群体遗传多样性在同一水平上。基因分化系数Gst、Shannon遗传多样性指数和AMOVA分析均显示黄姑鱼的遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间,而群体间无明显的遗传分化。群体的显性基因型频率分布和位点差异数分布显示两个群体有基本相同的群体遗传结构。结果表明,黄姑鱼青岛和厦门群体间无明显的遗传差异,群体间有明显的基因交流。  相似文献   

10.
本文采用40对靶位区域扩增多态性(TRAP)标记分析了野生和养殖黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco群体的遗传多样性。从40对引物中共扩增出512个位点,其中多态位点278个,多态位点比例为54.3%。筛选出的40对引物的扩增产物都具有多态性,带型稳定,重复性好,可用于统计分析。Pop Gene分析表明:野生黄颡鱼群体的遗传多样性高于养殖群体。群体间的Nei遗传分化系数和基因流指数Nm分别为0.6832和0.2318,表明两个群体间发生了明显的分化。群体间Nm值小于1,说明两群体发生的基因交流较少。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

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