核黄素缺乏对鸡坐骨神经传导功能的影响

采用人工半合成饲料，单因子诱发雏鸡核黄素缺乏症，成功地对不同处理组、不同时期、不同临表现的活体鸡坐骨神经进行了电生理检测，结果果表明，核黄素缺乏可使雏鸡坐骨神经传导速度明显减慢，减慢的速度与核黄素缺乏程度、临床诊表现、神经损伤呈正相关。缺乏组、治疗组实验难的传导速度在任何时期均明显慢于同龄正常鸡，即使症状消失，也未恢复至正常，仍相差很远。表现卷趾或不卷趾麻痹的鸡，传导速度无明显差异。被检测鸡中，76％的动作电位潜伏期延长，上述结果导致坐骨神经经呈现不同程度麻痹。而髓鞘、轴突变性、ATP供给不足和神经发育受阻是造成传导速度减慢、动作电位潜伏期延长的主要原因，。此外，随着年龄的增长（10－38日龄），正常鸡坐骨神经传导速度逐渐加快，35m/s→66m/s，而核黄素缺乏鸡（1．7mg/kg日粮，缺乏组）则没有明显变化，10m/s→22m/s。     

雏鸡维生素B2缺乏症的观察

营养失衡引起雏鸡腿病综合征是当前生产中一种常见多发病。维生素B_2缺乏是其重要原因之一。病鸡的典型症状是“卷趾”麻痹。病变特征是外周神经肿大和神经纤维脱髓鞘。本实验旨在全面观察在集约化生产技术条件下,雏鸡维生素B_2缺乏症的特点,为诊断和防制本病提供科学依据。     

鸡神经症状疾病临床鉴别要点

鸡神经症状疾病在兽医临床上多见，主要有鸡新城疫、鸡马立克氏病、鸡传染性脑脊髓炎、鸡瘟等。这些疾病的鉴别，在兽医临床上最容易混淆。1.鸡传染性脑脊髓炎：各年龄的鸡都可感染．但3周龄内的雏鸡最易感。病雏嗜睡，运动失调，翅膀拖地，或坐于跖骨上，震颤，抽搐，肝变性，脾肿大。2鸡马立克氏病：内脏型马立克氏病可使鸡的外周神经被破坏，腿发生麻痹或不全麻痹。虹膜受侵害，浑浊。皮肤、肌肉有肿瘤。法氏囊多出现美钢。外风神经肿大增粗。瘤细胞中主要是成熟和未成熟的淋巴细胞，T细胞多。3．鸡新城疫：吹囊积液，下痢，翅腿麻痹，…     

观姿势识鸡病

(一)病毒性疾病 1.鸡新城疫:病鸡无精神,呼吸困难,虚弱。内脏型表现为腹泻严重,不食呆立,衰竭;耐过鸡可出现阵发性痉挛、颈扭转、角弓反张和腿麻痹,有的翅麻痹,死亡率可达90%以上。神经型表现为食欲减退,咳嗽,气踹,头颈伸直张口呼吸;出现歪脖、转圈,两翅和两腿麻痹,走路不稳,幼鸡死亡率可达90%以上。 2.鸡马立克氏病:病鸡出现运动障碍,呈一侧性(或两侧性)麻痹,即呈一足伸向前方,另一足伸向后方的特征性劈叉姿势;有的病鸡还有两翅下垂,低头斜颈,步态拘谨等症状。 3.禽传染性脑脊髓炎:雏鸡多发,病雏呆钝,两眼发直,不愿走动,蹲卧;临床上…     

影响鸡马立克氏病免疫效果的因素及对策

鸡马立克氏病是由疱疹病毒引起的一种淋巴组织增生性疾病。该病的特点是病鸡的外周神经、性腺、虹膜、各种脏器、肌肉和皮肤出现单核细胞浸润，并伴随麻痹和产生内脏肿瘤，它是一种淋巴瘤性质的肿瘤疾病。近年来，许多养鸡场尽管在雏鸡1日龄时进行了鸡马立克氏病的免疫接种，但疫情时有发生，并出现了一些新的发病特征，给养鸡业的生产造成相当大的危害。     

肉雏鸡饮多维素水溶 液防治缺乏症

我场饲养艾维茵肉鸡已有5年的历史.前两年肉鸡育雏早期(10日龄前)经常发生维生素缺乏症,尤其是核黄素(B_2)缺乏症. 核黄素是动物体内形成十几种酶的辅基,是所有动物生长和组织修复所必需的.肉雏鸡缺乏核黄素,表现生长缓慢,消瘦,并且造成1-2周龄阶段的雏鸡发生腹泻.肉鸡脚肉萎缩和松软,皮肤干燥而粗糙,严重缺乏者双脚爪产生“卷爪”麻痹症.有的病鸡专靠两肢肘关节着地行走;有的双翅展开以维     

神经型鸡马立克氏病的PCR诊断

<正>马立克氏病(Marek's disease简称MD)是由马立克氏病病毒(简称MDV)引起鸡的一种高度接触传染性淋巴组织增生性肿瘤病。其病理组织学特征为外周神经淋巴样细胞浸润和增大以及性腺、虹膜、各种脏器、肌肉和皮肤产生肿瘤病灶。病鸡表现为消瘦、肢体麻痹,并常有急性死亡,在临床上有4种表现型,即神经型、内脏型、眼型和皮肤型。MD传染性强,死亡率高,是鸡的主要传染病之一。     

鸡和日本鹌鹑的核黄素缺乏症

鸡和日本鹌鹑的核黄素缺乏症陈家欣译自《ＰｏｕｌｔｒｙＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ》Ａｕｇｕｓｔ１９９４，２８刘理林校核黄素（维生素Ｂ２）对于提高雏鸡质量及降低雏鸡早期死亡率极为重要。核黄素（维生素Ｂ２）是许多酶系统的辅助因子，它由核糖和异咯嗪构成。这种...     

鸡马立克氏病免疫失败的原因及防制对策

鸡马立克氏病是由疱疹病毒引起的一种淋巴组织增生性疾病,此病的特点是病鸡的外周神经、性腺、虹膜、各种脏器、肌肉和皮肤出现单核细胞浸润,并伴随麻痹和产生内脏肿瘤,它是一种淋巴瘤性质的肿瘤疾病。近年来,许多养鸡场尽管在1日龄雏鸡进行了鸡马立克氏病的免疫接种,但仍然时有发生,并出现了一些新的特点,给养鸡业的生产造成相当大的危害。1免疫失败的原因1.1病毒的早期感染鸡的日龄越小,对马立克氏病毒的敏感性越高。接种疫苗的诱导期一般为7～14d,如果雏鸡在出壳后使用疫苗前或免疫作用未充分建立之前已感染马立克氏病毒,免疫效果就显著…     

禽传染性脑脊髓炎的诊断

1992年6月某鸡场发生以神经症状为主的雏鸡急性传染病。患病鸡主要表现为运动失调,不全麻痹和头部震颤。现将对本病的流行情况调查、临床症状观察、血清学试验、病理组织学的检查报告如下:     

Reassessment of riboflavin requirement for single comb White Leghorn pullets from 0 to 6 weeks of age fed on maize-soyabean meal diets and its subsequent effect on sexual maturity and egg production

1. Two experiments were conducted using a total of 228 Hyline W-26 1-d-old pullets in each experiment. The purpose of the study was to reassess the riboflavin requirement from 0 to 6 weeks of age (WOA) and its subsequent effect on sexual maturity and egg production using a maize-soybean meal diet. 2. Approximately 10% incidence of curly toe paralysis was observed among birds fed on the diet with no added riboflavin (1.5 mg total riboflavin/kg diet). 3. Applying the non-linear regression model to the body weight gain data at 3 and 6 WOA in both the experiments, it was found that the minimum total riboflavin required to achieve maximum body weight gain for the two age periods was 2.3 and 2.0 mg/kg of the total diet. This is equivalent to 5.0 and 5.7 micrograms riboflavin/g of body weight gain from 0 to 3 and 3 to 6 WOA respectively. 4. Birds fed on the diet containing no added (1.5 mg total/kg) riboflavin laid fewer eggs and had lower body weights at 24 weeks. 5. We conclude that, from 0 to 6 WOA, at least 2.3 mg total riboflavin/kg should be present in the diet to prevent curly toe paralysis, obtain the maximum body weight gain and sustain the subsequent performance at sexual maturity.     

Avian riboflavin deficiency: an acquired tomaculous neuropathy

The finding of tomacula, focal areas of sausage-shaped hypermyelination in peripheral nerves, is reported for the first time in avian riboflavin deficiency. Day-old, meat-type chickens were fed a riboflavin-deficient diet (1.8 mg/kg) and were killed on postnatal days 6, 11, 16, and 21, while control chickens were fed a conventional diet containing 5.0 mg/kg riboflavin. Tomacula were found in sciatic and brachial nerves from day 11 onward, became more frequent and prominent with increasing time, and preceded the onset of segmental demyelination.     

日粮核黄素添加水平对新扬州仔鸡免疫功能的影响

选用288只体重相近1日龄新扬州雏鸡,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂4种不同核黄素添加量(0、3.6、7.2 mg/kg和14.4 mg/kg)日粮,探讨核黄素添加水平对新扬州仔鸡免疫功能的影响。结果表明:(1)新扬州鸡的胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊重量均随日粮核黄素添加量增加呈现递增趋势,但各处理组作用效果不相同。(2)新扬州仔鸡外周血液白细胞总数、淋巴细胞总数及其百分比均与核黄素添加量增加呈递增趋势,但各处理组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(3)各核黄素添加组均能提高新城疫抗体水平,但添加7.2 mg/kg和14.4 mg/kg核黄素显著或极显著影响抗体水平。本研究认为,日粮中添加适量核黄素能够提高家禽免疫功能。     

Supplementary biotin decreases tibial bone weight,density and strength in riboflavin-deficient starter diets for turkey poults

1. Growth and skeletal responses to different dietary concentrations of riboflavin and biotin were compared in turkey poults from hatch to 21 d of age. The birds were fed on a turkey starter diet with different concentrations of supplementary riboflavin (0, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and biotin (0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) in a factorial design.

2. Poults fed on diets with no supplementary riboflavin had poor gait scores, decreased times to sit and higher rates of culling compared to poults fed on the control diet (20 mg biotin and 0.3 mg riboflavin/kg diet). Histologically, riboflavin deficiency was associated with a peripheral neuropathy similar to that described previously in chicks and, unexpectedly, in growth plate abnormalities.

3. Tibiae of poults fed on the control diet were larger, more dense, stronger and stiffer than the diets with no supplementary riboflavin.

4. Increasing supplementary biotin in poults fed on diets with no supplementary riboflavin was associated with a decrease in tibia weight, density, strength and stiffness.

5. The results demonstrated that riboflavin deficiency in fast-growing turkey poults was associated with growth retardation, growth plate disturbance and peripheral nerve dysfunction leading to an inability to walk.     

Investigations on the effect of maternal dietary riboflavin supplementation during gravidity and lactation on riboflavin concentrations in blood,liver, and total body of rat offspring

The present study investigated the effect of various maternal dietary riboflavin supplementations during gravidity and lactation on riboflavin concentrations in blood, liver, and total body of their offspring. Therefore, two experiments with a total of 154 female rats were conducted. In the first experiment the animals received a semisynthetic diet (basal riboflavin concentration of 0.9 mg/kg diet) with various riboflavin supplementations during lactation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 40, 400, 4000 mg riboflavin/kg diet). In the second experiment, during gravidity, the rats were fed supplements of 1 or 20 mg riboflavin/kg diet. After parturition each group was divided into three subgroups that received 1, 5 or 20 mg riboflavin/kg with their feed during the following lactation. Both investigations continued until the 14th day of the lactation period just before the pups would start to eat the diets. The total body weights of the offspring in the first experiment only showed an effect of the riboflavin supplementation during lactation in the riboflavin‐deficient group (supplementation of 0 mg/kg diet). Regarding the second experiment, the total body and liver weights of the offspring on the 14th day of lactation were not significantly influenced by the various maternal riboflavin supplements during gravidity and lactation. The data of the first experiment clearly show that there exists a slight dose‐response relationship between the maternal dietary riboflavin supplementation during lactation and the riboflavin concentration in the blood and total body of the offspring. However, a riboflavin supplementation over 8 mg/kg diet led to a saturation of the riboflavin concentration in the body. Also, a dietary supplementation above 2 mg riboflavin/kg diet had no influence on the liver riboflavin concentration. The second investigation showed that the riboflavin concentration in all samples was influenced predominantly by the maternal riboflavin supply during lactation. The riboflavin supply during gravidity had no or only a very slight effect on the riboflavin concentrations in blood, liver, and total body of the offspring. In conclusion, these results indicate the necessity of a sufficient maternal dietary riboflavin supply (8–9 mg/kg diet) during lactation in regard to the health of their offspring and that a high riboflavin supply during gravidity cannot compensate for a deficient supply during lactation.     

实用饲粮补锌对肉鸡组织锌、免疫器官及生产性能的影响

采用实用饲粮（玉米－多饼型,含锌３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,对狄高肉鸡（４～６周龄）分别补加锌４０和８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,研究微量元素Ｚｎ对试鸡组织锌含量、免疫器官生长发育及生产性能的影响。结果表明饲粮缺锌（含Ｚｎ３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）不影响鸡体重、饲料转化率和心、肝、肾、胰、肌胃、脑千克活体重（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但缺锌影响脾、胸腺、法氏囊、盲肠扁桃体、免疫器官及腺胃、小肠厚度、甲状腺生长发育（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;饲粮补锌（４０、８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）能改善免疫器官机能,增加胫骨、跗骨、趾骨、肝、胰、肾、心组织锌含量（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;骨、肝、胰组织对饲粮锌缺乏较敏感,趾骨锌含量是标识鸡锌营养状况的灵敏指标。     

43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡核黄素需要量研究

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平核黄素对43 ～ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血液和肝脏生化指标及肉质性状的影响,探讨43 ～ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡核黄素需要量.试验选用43日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 200只,采用单因子随机分组试验设计,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1.5、3.0、6.0和12.0 mg/kg核黄素的试验饲粮,试验期21 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,添加3.0 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了试验鸡平均日增重(P＜0.05),各组间料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05).饲粮添加核黄素显著降低了血清氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量,并提高了还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)值(P＜0.05),其中以3.0 mg/kg添加组GSH/GSSG值最高;添加6.0 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了试验鸡肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性(P＜0.05);试验鸡血浆核黄素含量随着饲粮核黄素添加水平的增加而呈递增趋势,当添加水平为12.0 mg/kg时与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05).饲粮添加核黄素对试验鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、血液T淋巴细胞增殖效应以及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性影响均不显著(P＞0.05).饲粮添加3.0 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了胸肌红度值(P＜0.05),添加6.0 mg/kg核黄素则显著降低了胸肌亮度值(P＜0.05);添加核黄素对试验鸡胸肌pH、滴水损失及胸肌黄度值无显著影响(P＞0.05).综上所述,以平均日增重和抗氧化性能为评定指标,43 ～ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡核黄素适宜添加水平为3.0 mg/kg.     

Peripheral neuropathy associated with dietary riboflavin deficiency in the chicken. I. Light microscopic study

Chickens fed a riboflavin-deficient diet from hatching had leg weakness and paralysis as early as 12 days of age. Signs worsened through day 16; after 35 days, recovery was evident. Sciatic nerves from affected chickens were enlarged. Significant microscopic lesions were confined to peripheral nerves and included tissue separation (suggesting interstitial edema), Schwann cell swelling, perivascular leukocytic infiltration, and segmental demyelination accompanied by accumulation of osmiophilic debris in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Axon degeneration was present, but was not a primary lesion. Acid phosphatase enzyme activity of Schwann cells was increased in affected nerves. These results demonstrate that dietary riboflavin deficiency causes a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in young, rapidly growing chickens.     

核黄素缺乏对1～28日龄北京鸭生长性能、器官指数和血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究核黄素缺乏对1~28日龄北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数、组织核黄素含量及血浆生化指标的影响。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选取360只1日龄健康的雄性北京鸭,随机分为3个组,即核黄素缺乏组、采食配对组(人为控制该组采食量与核黄素缺乏组一致)和自由采食对照组,每组12个重复,每个重复10只鸭。核黄素缺乏组试验鸭饲喂核黄素缺乏饲粮(实测核黄素含量为1.38 mg/kg),采食配对组和自由采食对照组饲喂核黄素充足饲粮(在核黄素缺乏饲粮基础上添加10 mg/kg核黄素)。试验期为28 d。结果表明:与采食配对组和自由采食对照组相比,核黄素缺乏组试验鸭的平均日增重、胸肌率和腿肌率显著降低(P0.05),料重比和死亡率显著升高(P0.05),肝脏指数、心脏指数和胰腺指数显著提高(P0.05),血浆核黄素、肝脏核黄素和黄素单核苷酸含量显著降低(P0.05),血浆谷草转氨酶活性及总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著提高(P0.05)。由此得出,核黄素是北京鸭生长发育必需的营养素;饲粮中缺乏核黄素可降低1~28日龄北京鸭的生长性能和组织中核黄素含量,可提高肝脏指数并导致血浆总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量及谷草转氨酶活性升高。