苏醒灵4号对速眠新麻醉犬的催醒作用

苏醒灵４号对速眠新麻醉犬的催醒作用梁德勇，阎章年，吴永奎（长春农牧大学军事兽医研究所长春，１３００６２）１前言苏醒灵４号是我所最新研制的动物麻醉拮抗剂，对眠乃宁、二甲苯胺噻唑都有理想的拮抗作用（１）。该药对速眠新（８４６麻醉合剂）的拮抗效果如何尚不清...     

兔轮状病毒的分离及生物学特性的研究

１９９０－１９９１年，从云南腹泻死亡幼兔，选用ＥＭ，Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ，ＲＮＡ－ＰＡＧＥ检测皆为ＲＶ阳性的４份肠内容物，通过ＭＡ－１０４和Ｖｅｒｏ细胞培养，分到２株致细胞病变的ＲＲＶ。经形态学，培养特性，理化特性，基因组分析和血清学特性鉴定，为Ａ群血清３型ＲＶ。这在我国属首次报道。     

眠乃宁麻醉马鹿效果分析

眠乃宁是二甲苯胺噻嗪（Ｘｙｌａｚｉｎｅ）和盐酸二氢埃托啡（ＤＨＥ）经优选配比组成的复合麻醉剂，具有强烈的中枢镇静、镇痛和肌松作用，并配有特异的颉顽剂（苏醒灵３号、苏醒灵４号）。笔者于１９９７年２月，在玛纳斯县某鹿场，对７６头天山马鹿、东北马鹿和杂交马...     

“眠乃宁”在熊科动物麻醉上的应用试验

眠乃宁是二甲苯胺噻嗪 (Ｘｙｌａｚｉｎｅ)和盐酸二氢埃托啡 (ＤＨＥ)经优选配比后组成的复方麻醉剂 ,广泛用于野生动物尤其是鹿科动物的麻醉保定 ,但对熊科动物的麻醉报道较少。本试验研究了此药对黑熊、棕熊和马来熊的麻醉效果。1　材料与方法1 .1　药品眠乃宁和拮抗剂苏醒灵 4号、苏醒灵 3号注射液 ,由中国人民解放军农牧大学军事兽医研究所试制 ,在有效期内使用。1 .2　动物为本园熊区展出的三种熊科动物 ,其中黑熊 5头、棕熊 6头、马来熊 5头 ,先后麻醉 2 4头次。1 .3　药品用量及用法眠乃宁按每 1 0 0ｋｇ动物体重 1 .5～ 3 .0ｍｌ用…     

眠乃宁在鹿麻醉上的应用

眠乃宁在鹿麻醉上的应用高太原盘晓英（新疆生产建设兵团２８团８连，库尔勒８４１００８）１药品及使用方法１．１药品来源中国人民解放军农牧大学研制。１．２规格分５ｍｌ和２ｍｌ两种瓶装，解药苏醒灵有３号和４号两种，规格同上。１．３使用方法用麻醉枪或自制吹管进...     

东北三省兽医外科学分会1994年学术年会论文摘登

东北三省兽医外科学分会１９９４年学术年会论文摘登苏醒灵４号对速眠新麻醉犬的催醒作用梁德勇，阎章年，吴永奎（解放军农牧大学军事兽医研究所选择健康杂种犬１５只．分为３组，每组５只、试验时，各组均先肌肉注射速眠新０．１ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重，１５ｍｉｎ后，第１组ｉ...     

山羊内毒素休克诱发脂质过氧化作用及山莨菪碱对其影响的研究

本文将３０头杂交山羊分成３组,第１组（ｎ＝６）为对照组,第２组（ｎ＝１２）静注大肠杆菌内毒素复制休克模型,第３组（ｎ＝１２）在第２组基础上提前１０ｍｉｎ静注山莨菪碱性注射液,检测１２ｈ内不同时间血清丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,总ＳＯＤ,Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ和血液ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,结果表明,第２组血清ＭＤＡ含量明显增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血清Ｔ－ＳＯＤ,Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＧＳ     

禽白血病／肉瘤病毒群特异性抗原P_（27）~（gag）的分离和纯化

本试验用差束离心和非线性蔗糖密度梯度离心法从感染雏鸡血浆中分离和提纯了禽成髓细胞性白血病病毒（ＡＭＶ）。并以ＳＤＳ法裂解病毒，用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析ＡＭＶ结构蛋白成分，最后选用（ＬＫＢ）水平板式电泳系统，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ比较大量地分离提纯了Ｐｇａｇ２７。用Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ和琼脂扩散试验检验其抗原活性，并且用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定其分子量和纯度。结果表明，提纯的病毒蛋白具有抗原活性，且达到电泳纯。     

禽白血病／肉瘤病毒群特异性抗原P^gag27的分离和纯化

本试验用差速离心和非线性蔗糖密度梯度离心法从感染雏鸡血浆中分离和提纯了禽成髓细胞性白血病病毒，并以ＳＤＳ法裂解病毒，用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析ＡＭＶ结构蛋白成分，最后选用水平板式电泳系统，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ比较大量地分离了Ｐ＾ｇａｇ２７。用Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ和琼脂扩散试验检验其抗原活性，并且用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定其分子量和纯度，结果表明，提纯的病毒蛋白具有抗原活性，且达到电泳纯。     

苏醒灵4号的神经药理作用研究

苏醒灵4 号是一种新的复方拮抗剂。本研究旨在探讨其神经药理作用特点。苏醒灵4 号对小鼠自发活动无明显影响,但能拮抗二甲苯胺噻唑对小鼠自发活动的抑制作用;苏醒灵4 号拮抗眠乃宁对小鼠和大鼠的麻醉作用,其作用强度优于同等剂量的苯恶唑;该药对戊巴比妥钠和氯胺酮也有一定的拮抗作用。此外,该药对中枢兴奋剂印防己毒素有微弱的加强作用。总之,苏醒灵4 号本身无明显的药理活性,但能拮抗麻醉剂的中枢抑制作用。     

Electrocardiogram studies in llamas

Electrocardiograms (ECG) of 3 captive llamas (Lama glama) were recorded by a telemeter at a farm in Japan. The pattern of the ECGs was similar to the ruminant pattern in the AB lead position. QRS and T-waves were discordant in polarity except in one llama, where the polarity of the T wave changed according to the HR. In the quiet state, the HR varied between 60-80/min depending on the nervousness of the llama. After running and after being held, the HR increased to more than 100/min. During the recordings there were some variations of the HR which could be due to respiratory arrhythmia. Second-degree AV block and supraventricular premature complexes were also found in two llamas.     

Effect of medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine anaesthesia and atipamezole on heart and respiratory rate and cloacal temperature of domestic pigeons

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sedative-anaesthetic effects of a combination of medetomidine (M, 50 microg per pigeon), butorphanol (B, 50 microg per pigeon) and ketamine (K, 25 mg per pigeon) in domestic pigeons. Eight domestic pigeons (four male and four female, 8-15 months old) were used. The combination of Medetomidine and butorphanol injectable solutions were used to produce sedation. Ten minutes after M + B administration, K was injected. The anaesthetic effects of the drugs were reversed by administration of Atipamazole (AT) at 60 min after K administration. All drugs were injected into the pectoral muscles. The sedative-anaesthetic effects of the M + B-K combination and, alterations in respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and cloacal temperature (CT) were investigated before and 10 min after pre-medication with M + B, at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min during the onset of K anaesthesia and at 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min following the administration of AT. The HR and RR of pigeons decreased within 10 min following M + B administration and remained lower until 1st and 5 min of AT injection, respectively. In ECG, no significant alterations in P, Q, R and S-values were observed, however, arhythmia was recorded for three pigeons, which returned to normal values following AT administration throughout the measurement. Cloacal temperature decreased gradually during the anaesthesia from 41.0 to 32.7 degrees C. The drug combination used in this study produced a satisfactory general anaesthesia for seven of the eight pigeons. All pigeons were unconscious within 5 min after K administration as indicated by disappearance of the palpebral and corneal reflexes and lack of reaction to the pain stimuli during the study. The effect of AT administration was observed within 10 min as all pigeons responded partly against stimuli and all reflexes. It is concluded that M + B-K anaesthesia in pigeons is a safe and reliable anaesthetic protocol for surgery.     

Effects of Oral Echinacea purpurea on Heart Rate，ECG,Blood Pressure and Respiration of Awake Beagle Dogs

The experiment studied the effects of oral Echinacea purpurea on heart rate, ECG, blood pressure and respiration of awake Beagle dogs. Experimental results showed that oral Echinacea purpurea 0.125 to 1.25 g/kg could apparently reduced the heart rate of awake Beagle dogs, and had no significant effects on blood pressure, respiration and ECG between P wave, T wave, R wave, QT interval, PR interval as well as QRS duration （P>0.05）. It showed that Echinacea purpurea had no apparent effects on the dog’s respiratory system and cardiovascular system, which was safe and reliable in application doses.     

Cardiorespiratory effects of enoximone in anaesthetised colic horses

Reasons for performing study: No studies have been reported on the effects of enoximone in anaesthetised colic horses. Objective: To examine whether enoximone improves cardiovascular function and reduces dobutamine requirement in anaesthetised colic horses. Methods: Forty‐eight mature colic horses were enrolled in this prospective, randomised clinical trial. After sedation (xylazine 0.7 mg/kg bwt) and induction (midazolam 0.06 mg/kg bwt, ketamine 2.2 mg/kg bwt), anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and a lidocaine constant rate infusion (1.5 mg/kg bwt, 2 mg/kg/h). Horses were ventilated (PaCO₂<8.00 kPa). If hypotension occurred, dobutamine and/or colloids were administered. Ten minutes after skin incision, horses randomly received an i.v. bolus of enoximone (0.5 mg/kg bwt) or saline. Monitoring included respiratory and arterial blood gases, heart rate (HR), arterial pressure and cardiac index (CI). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR), stroke index (SI) and oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) were calculated. For each variable, changes between baseline and T10 within each treatment group and/or colic type (small intestines, large intestines or mixed) were analysed and compared between treatments in a fixed effects model. Differences between treatments until T30 were investigated using a mixed model (α= 0.05). Results: Ten minutes after enoximone treatment, CI (P = 0.0010), HR (P = 0.0033) and DO₂I (P = 0.0007) were higher and SVR lower (P = 0.0043) than at baseline. The changes in CI, HR and SVR were significantly different from those after saline treatment. During the first 30 min after enoximone treatment, DO₂I (P = 0.0224) and HR (P = 0.0003) were higher than after saline administration. Because the difference in HR between treatments was much clearer in large intestine colic cases, an interaction was detected between treatment and colic type in both analyses (P = 0.0076 and 0.0038, respectively). Conclusions: Enoximone produced significant, but short lasting, cardiovascular effects in colic horses. Potential relevance: Enoximone's cardiovascular effects in colic horses were of shorter duration than in healthy ponies.     

The influence of spasmolytic agents on heart rate variability and gastrointestinal motility in normal horses

The effects of hyoscine-N-butylbromide (hyoscine) and propantheline-bromide (propantheline) on heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contractions in the normal horse were determined. Five adult horses had ECG recordings for 180min after treatment with propantheline (100mg), hyoscine (120mg) or saline. Both propantheline and hyoscine reduced GIT sounds, with propantheline having a longer duration of effect (?120min). Both drugs elevated HR relative to the control baseline period (P<0.05), with the effects of propantheline again being of longer duration. HRV analysis indicated that propantheline suppressed Total Power (P<0.05), and both the high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) components of the power spectral analysis for up to 60-90min post treatment. Hyoscine had no effect on HRV Total Power but reduced the HF component for 30min after drug injection. Time domain variables correlated with Total Power and HF data (P<0.01). The marked effect of these compounds on parasympathetic control of cardiac and GIT function in normal horses should be taken into consideration when evaluating a clinical response to these agents.     

Influence of pneumoperitoneum and postural change on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in dogs

We investigated the influence of pneumoperitoneum#(PP) and postural change under inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane, which is routinely used in dogs, on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. As test animals, 6 adult beagles were used. To induce anesthesia, atropine, butorphanol and propofol were intravenously injected. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.3 MAC (1.7%) isoflurane. The following were the experiment conditions: I:E ratio, 1:1.9; tidal air exchange, 20 ml/kg; and ventilation frequency, 14 times/min. Respiration was regulated so that the PaCO₂ was approximately 35 to 40 mmHg before the start of the experiment. PP with CO₂ (intraperitoneal pressure 15 mmHg) and a postural change (15°C) was performed during the experiment. As parameters of circulatory kinetics, heart rate (HR), mean aortic pressure (MAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), central venous pressure (CVP), femoral venous pressure (FVP) and cardiac output (CO) were measured. As parameters of respiratory kinetics, airway pressure (PAW) and blood gas (BG) were measured. There were significant increases in HR, MAP, MPAP, CVP, FVP, CO, PAW and PaCO₂ after PP in the horizontal position. There were significant increases in CVP, FVP, PAW and PaCO₂ after PP in the Trendelenburg position. There were significant increases in the MPAP, CVP, FVP, PAW and PaCO₂ after PP in the inverse Trendelenburg position. There was a significant difference in FVP after PP between the Trendelenburg position and inverse Trendelenburg position. The results of this experiment suggest that appropriate anesthesia control, such as changing the ventilation conditions after PP, is required for laparoscopic surgery under inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane.     

Effects of intravenous lidocaine overdose on cardiac electrical activity and blood pressure in the horse

This study aimed to identify blood serum lidocaine concentrations in the horse which resulted in clinical signs of intoxication, and to document the effects of toxic levels on the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems. Nineteen clinically normal mature horses of mixed breed, age and sex were observed. Lidocaine administration was initiated in each subject with an i.v. loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg bwt and followed by continuous infusion of 0.3 mg/kg bwt/min until clinical signs of intoxication were observed. Intoxication was defined as the development of skeletal muscle tremors. Prior to administration of lidocaine, blood samples for lidocaine analysis, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) data were collected. After recording baseline data, repeat data were collected at 5 min intervals until signs of intoxication were observed. The range of serum lidocaine concentrations at which the clinical signs of intoxication were observed was 1.85-4.53 microg/ml (mean +/- s.d. 3.24 +/- 0.74 microg/ml). Statistically significant changes in P wave duration, P-R interval, R-R interval and Q-T interval were observed in comparison to control values, as a result of lidocaine administration. These changes in ECG values did not fall outside published normal values and were not clinically significant. Heart rate, blood pressures and respiratory rates were unchanged from control values. This study establishes toxic serum lidocaine levels in the horse, and demonstrates that there were no clinically significant cardiovascular effects with serum lidocaine concentrations less than those required to produce signs of toxicity.     

Mating behavior increases workload of the heart in Thoroughbred stallions

To evaluate the influence of mating behavior on cardiac function, changes in heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), hematocrit (Hct) and serum concentration of alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-ANP) were evaluated in 10 clinically sound Thoroughbred stallions before and after mating behavior. The stallions were submitted twice to experimental pseudomating in the same month in 2009 and 2010. Measurements and blood samples were collected at a stable before mating (baseline) and at a covering yard before and after mating. ECG was recorded by a Holter-ECG system. Arrhythmias were detected in 5 stallions before or after mating behavior. Minimum HR (HRmin), maximum HR (HRmax) and HR recorded when the stallions entered into yard (HRent) and ejaculated (HRejc) were 34.2 ± 3.7, 168.9 ± 14.2, 141.8 ± 35.3 and 142.6 ± 27.3 beats/min, respectively. Time from entrance into the yard to ejaculation (mating time; MT) ranged from 30 to 2,103 sec and was highly correlated with HRent (r=-0.82) and the time required for attaining HRmax after entrance into the yard (dT HRmax) (r=0.87). Hct and serum alpha-ANP concentration significantly increased after ejaculation (60.0 ± 3.2%, P<0.0001, and 1.54 ± 0.61 ng/ml, P=0.0353) compared with the baselines values (46.9 ± 4.4%, 1.40 ± 0.60 ng/ml). HRent and Hct were significantly higher in the stallions with an MT of less than 5 min (n=5) compared with those (n=5) with an MT of more than 5 min (P=0.0324 and P=0.0082). Mating behavior increases the workload of the heart in Thoroughbred stallions.     

Analgesic effects of epidurally administered levogyral ketamine alone or in combination with morphine on intraoperative and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic and adverse effects of epidurally administered levogyral (S[+]) ketamine alone or in combination with morphine on intraoperative and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. ANIMALS: 30 dogs scheduled for ovariohysterectomy. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups. Dogs in group 1 received S(+) ketamine (1 mg/kg), dogs in group 2 received S(+) ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) and morphine (0.05 mg/kg), and dogs in group 3 received S(+) ketamine (1 mg/kg) and morphine (0.025 mg/kg). The skin was incised 15 minutes after epidural administration of analgesics. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry, and arterial blood gases were obtained before anesthesia, 15 minutes after epidural administration of analgesics, 15 and 30 minutes after initiation of surgery, and at the end of surgery. During the intraoperative period, an increase of > or =20% in baseline values for HR, RR, and SBP was considered a sign of intraoperative pain. Signs of pain and adverse effects were assessed at 2, 4, and 8 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in intraoperative or postoperative measurements among the 3 groups. No dogs had intraoperative signs of pain. Mean postoperative pain assessment scores were <3.5 in all 3 groups. Salivation was the most frequent adverse effect in dogs in groups 1 and 3, and sedation occurred more frequently in dogs in groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: All 3 analgesic regimens provided good respiratory and cardiovascular stability intraoperatively and adequate postoperative analgesia with minimal adverse effects.     

Cardiovascular,respiratory, electrolyte and acid–base balance during continuous dexmedetomidine infusion in anesthetized dogs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardiovascular, respiratory, electrolyte and acid–base effects of a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine during propofol–isoflurane anesthesia following premedication with dexmedetomidine.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsFive adult male Walker Hound dogs 1–2 years of age averaging 25.4 ± 3.6 kg.MethodsDogs were sedated with dexmedetomidine 10 μg kg^?1 IM, 78 ± 2.3 minutes (mean ± SD) before general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2.5 ± 0.5 mg kg^?1) IV and maintained with 1.5% isoflurane. Thirty minutes later dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg kg^?1 IV was administered over 5 minutes followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1. Cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), ECG, direct blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory parameters, acid–base and arterial blood gases and electrolytes were measured 30 and 60 minutes after the infusion started. Data were analyzed via multiple linear regression modeling of individual variables over time, compared to anesthetized baseline values. Data are presented as mean ± SD.ResultsNo statistical difference from baseline for any parameter was measured at any time point. Baseline CO, HR and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) before infusion were 3.11 ± 0.9 L minute^?1, 78 ± 18 beats minute^?1 and 96 ± 10 mmHg, respectively. During infusion CO, HR and MAP were 3.20 ± 0.83 L minute^?1, 78 ± 14 beats minute^?1 and 89 ± 16 mmHg, respectively. No differences were found in respiratory rates, PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium or lactate measurements before or during infusion.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDexmedetomidine infusion using a loading dose of 0.5 μg kg^?1 IV followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 does not cause any significant changes beyond those associated with an IM premedication dose of 10 μg kg^?1, in propofol–isoflurane anesthetized dogs. IM dexmedetomidine given 108 ± 2 minutes before onset of infusion showed typical significant effects on cardiovascular parameters.