牛BMP-15基因cDNA的克隆和序列分析

BMP-15基因主要在哺乳动物卵巢中表达,对卵泡的发育和分化起重要作用,克隆了牛BMP-15成熟肽编码区的cDNA序列并进行序列分析,旨在为BMP-15在牛繁殖性能方面的进一步研究奠定理论基础。根据其他物种BMP-15基因的保守序列设计特异性引物,扩增牛的cDNA序列。从牛卵巢中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出牛BMP-15cDNA序列。将此片段克隆到PMD18-T载体中,经菌落PCR鉴定和DNA序列测定分析验证,证实所克隆序列BMP-15为骨形态发生蛋白,符合骨形态发生蛋白基因的特征。序列分析表明,该cDNA包含有1 185 bp组成的开放读码框(ORF),该ORF编码394个氨基酸,与绵羊、猪、人、小鼠等动物氨基酸序列比对发现同源性分别为98.5%,87.6%,74.0%,69.4%。     

猪骨形态发生蛋白4成熟肽cDNA的克隆及序列分析

目的：克隆猪骨形态发生蛋白4（BMP-4）成熟肽基因。方法：提取猪肾的总RNA,通过RT-PCR技术扩增出目的基因,并将其回收后与pMD18-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞,进行阳性克隆的筛选与鉴定。结果：琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RT-PCR产物,显示结果与预期片段大小一致,质粒PCR检测、酶切鉴定证实重组克隆中插入了PCR产物,测序结果揭示BMP-4成熟肽cDNA长为351bp,编码116个氨基酸。序列对比表明,猪与人、小鼠、牛、绵羊BMP-4成熟肽cDNA序列的同源性分别为94.87%、90.60%、94.87%、94.59%,而相应的氨基酸同源性分别为99.12 %,99.12 %,100 %、100%。 结论：首次成功地克隆了猪BMP-4成熟肽编码基因,对于进一步研究猪BMP-4全基因结构、功能及其与繁殖性能的关系有重要的意义。     

灯盏花ARC1基因的克隆及序列分析

本研究对灯盏花ARC1基因进行克隆及序列分析。根据实验室前期预测灯盏花的序列设计引物,以灯盏花花蕾为材料提取RNA作为模板,通过反转录(RT-PCR)扩增得到cDNA,作为PCR扩增的模板,将扩增的ARC1基因连接到p MD19-T上,阳性克隆经PCR检测后进行测序结果分析,得到2 199 bp的核酸序列。序列分析结果表明,该基因存在2个结构域,不存在内含子,编码733个氨基酸,其核酸序列的同源性达到64%以上,氨基酸序列同源性达61%。本研究首次从灯盏花中克隆出ARC1基因,为后期研究该基因提供理论基础。     

蒙古牛BMPRIB基因mRNA在卵巢组织中的表达研究

为阐明BMPRIB基因在牛的卵泡发育和分化中的作用及其分子机理,首先根据其他物种BMPRIB基因的保守序列设计特异性引物,从蒙古牛卵巢中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出蒙古牛BMPRIB cDNA序列;将此片段克隆到pGM-T载体中,提取重组质粒,经PCR鉴定和DNA序列测定分析验证;符合BMP家族基因结构特征,然后根据此序列构建cRNA探针,利用原位杂交技术检测牛卵巢BMPRIB基因 mRNA的表达情况.原位杂交结果显示,牛BMPRIB基因,在初级卵泡和次级卵泡早期表达,在颗粒细胞中表达,在次级卵泡晚期也有表达.     

人热休克蛋白10和鼠热休克蛋白10的克隆、序列分析及其原核表达

提取人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞和小鼠NSO细胞总RNA,对热休克蛋白10基因(Hspl0)进行RT-PCR扩增、TA克隆和测序.结果表明,从上述2种细胞中获得的cDNA分别由312,313 bp组成,与报道的人HSPE1 mRNA(NM002157)、鼠肌肉Hspel mRNA(NM-008303)序列同源性分别为9...     

荞麦BTI全长基因的克隆及表达分析

【研究目的】扩增荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂(Buckwheat trypsin inhibitor,BTI)基因,并对其表达特性和氨基酸同源性进行分析。【方法】根据荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂氨基酸的保守序列设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,以荞麦cDNA为模板,扩增BTI基因并进行序列及其表达谱分析。【结果】克隆得到了BTI基因。它的cDNA全长为459bp,含有一个216bp的完整阅读框,编码72个氨基酸。同源性分析表明,其蛋白质序列与已报道的荞麦种子提取的BWI-1的氨基酸序列的同源性达96%,与笕属植物ATI、亚麻属植物Luti、马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂PPI-I的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为65%、59%、48%。RT-PCR分析表明,BTI基因可在不同的组织中进行表达,但经伤害处理后的叶片中其表达量略高于生长各阶段。这可能与逆境情况(如外界损伤)下的应答等生理过程有关。【结论】荞麦BTI基因的获得,可为荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂的基础及应用研究奠定基础。     

甘蓝型油菜油酸脱氢酶基因(fad2)多个拷贝的发现及分析

以甘蓝型油菜湘油15为材料, 随机挑选56个来自基因组的fad2基因克隆、47个来自幼苗整株的fad2基因cDNA克隆和9个授粉27 d后种子中fad2 cDNA克隆进行双向测序。基因组中56个fad2序列的碱基同源性为91.0%~99.9%, 从中得到11个差异序列, 即11个不同的fad2基因拷贝。将其翻译成氨基酸序列发现, 6个拷贝在编码区中出现多个终止密码子, 另外5个的同源性为90.60%~99.74%, 与47个来自幼苗整株的fad2基因cDNA序列进行比较, 发现fad2基因没有内含子。从种子中的9个fad2 cDNA克隆序列中找到2个有差异的cDNA, 它们的编码区中没有终止密码子, 说明在种子中有多个fad2基因表达。基因组中的11个拷贝根据同源性可分成两组, 命名为fad2I和fad2II。RT-PCR分析发现在授粉27 d的种子中fad2I有较强表达, fad2II没有表达; 但在叶片中两者都有表达。     

甘蓝型油菜油酸脱氢酶基因(fad2)多个拷贝的发现及分析

以甘蓝型油菜湘油15为材料, 随机挑选56个来自基因组的fad2基因克隆、47个来自幼苗整株的fad2基因cDNA克隆和9个授粉27 d后种子中fad2 cDNA克隆进行双向测序。基因组中56个fad2序列的碱基同源性为91.0%~99.9%, 从中得到11个差异序列, 即11个不同的fad2基因拷贝。将其翻译成氨基酸序列发现, 6个拷贝在编码区中出现多个终止密码子, 另外5个的同源性为90.60%~99.74%, 与47个来自幼苗整株的fad2基因cDNA序列进行比较, 发现fad2基因没有内含子。从种子中的9个fad2 cDNA克隆序列中找到2个有差异的cDNA, 它们的编码区中没有终止密码子, 说明在种子中有多个fad2基因表达。基因组中的11个拷贝根据同源性可分成两组, 命名为fad2I和fad2II。RT-PCR分析发现在授粉27 d的种子中fad2I有较强表达, fad2II没有表达; 但在叶片中两者都有表达。     

牦牛DDIT3基因克隆及组织表达特性分析

旨在探究DNA损伤诱导转录本3(DDIT3)基因序列特征及其在母牦牛组织表达特性。以母牦牛为研究对象,利用RT-PCR技术克隆牦牛DDIT3基因,利用生物信息学软件分析DDIT3蛋白的结构和功能,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测DDIT3基因在牦牛不同组织及不同生理阶段的生殖器官和卵母细胞中的表达特征。结果显示:牦牛DDIT3基因CDS区全长507 bp,共编码168个氨基酸;核苷酸序列比对发现,牦牛与野牛同源性最高,为99.71%,与其他物种的同源性均在88%以上,说明DDIT3基因在进化过程中表现出高度保守性;牦牛DDIT3基因在卵巢中的表达量极显著高于心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肺、子宫和输卵管(P0.01);在卵巢中,妊娠期DDIT3基因的表达水平显著高于卵泡期、黄体期和胎儿期(P0.05),黄体期的表达量显著高于胎牛期(P0.05);在子宫中,妊娠期DDIT3基因的表达水平显著高于卵泡期和胎牛期(P0.05);DDIT3在各时期输卵管中表达水平差异不显著;MⅡ期卵母细胞中DDIT3基因的表达水平显著高于GV期和MⅠ期(P0.05),MⅡ颗粒细胞DDIT3基因的表达量也显著高于GV期和MⅠ期(P0.05),GV期、MⅠ期的卵母细胞和颗粒细胞DDIT3表达量差异不显著。综上,牦牛DDIT3基因可能在维持母牦牛卵巢机能与妊娠以及卵泡发育与成熟过程中发挥重要的调控作用。     

苎麻COMT基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR法结合cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）法从苎麻中克隆了与木质素合成相关的COMT基因的全长cDNA序列。所获得的COMT基因全长1318bp,包含一个开放阅读框1098bp,编码365个氨基酸。序列相似性检索结果表明,苎麻COMT全长cDNA与杨树COMT基因的序列同源性达82%,其编码的氨基酸序列与杏的COMT氨基酸序列同源性最高,达93%。同时还检索到该氨基酸序列包含一个O-甲基转移酶的保守结构。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.