甘肃省武威市古浪县羊寄生虫感染情况调查

为了掌握干旱地区羊寄生虫感染情况,有效地开展羊寄生虫病防治工作,进行了古浪县羊寄生虫感染调查。选择具有代表性的5个乡镇,对25只羊逐一编号,进行蠕虫学全身剖检,分别将各器官内的虫体检出并计数,保存在75%的酒精内。吸虫和绦虫进行染色制片;线虫用50%的甘油水溶液透明,然后做分类鉴定,最后统计结果。共检出虫种20种,其中吸虫2种,绦虫3种,绦虫蚴虫3种,线虫10种,住肉孢子虫1种,蜘蛛昆虫1种。基本摸清了羊寄生虫种类、分布状况、危害程度。     

乌鲁木齐县羊消化道寄生虫感染季节动态变化调查

为了对新疆维吾尔族自治区乌鲁木齐县羊消化道寄生虫感染进行季节动态变化调查,采集乌鲁木齐县板房沟乡和永丰乡的5个羊场新鲜羊粪1251份,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特计数法计算感染率和感染强度,参考寄生虫图谱进行种类鉴定。结果表明,该县寄生虫总感染率为84.73%,春季感染率最高,夏季感染率最低。球虫感染率为71.38%,线虫感染率为36.53%,吸虫感染率为3.36%,绦虫感染率为2.00%。球虫春季感染率最高,线虫冬季感染率最高,吸虫春季感染率最高,绦虫秋季感染率最高。羔羊感染率高于成年羊。经形态学初步鉴定羊消化道寄生虫25种,其中球虫7种、线虫15种,绦虫2种,吸虫1种。本调查结果为制定科学合理的羊消化道寄生虫防治措施提供了科学依据。     

江津市牛、羊寄生虫区系调查

为摸清江津市牛、羊寄生虫的感染情况，按寄生虫完全剖检法和粪便检查法进行寄生虫区系调查，共剖检12只水牛、12只黄牛、40只山羊。结果：检出牛感染的寄生虫28种，隶属3门5纲7目16科21属，其中吸虫12种，绦虫2种，线虫9种，蜘蛛昆虫5种；羊感染的寄生虫30种，隶属4门6纲8目17科21属，其中吸虫8种，绦虫3种，线虫8种，蜘蛛昆虫5种，原虫6种。对牛危害严重的寄生虫是肝片形吸虫、菲策吸虫、鹿前盘吸虫、捻转血矛线虫、蛇形毛形线虫、水牛痒螨；羊的优势虫种为肝片形吸虫、枝睾阔盘吸虫、鹿前后盘吸虫、细颈囊尾蚴、捻转血矛线虫、蛇形毛形线虫、阿氏艾美耳球虫、克氏艾美耳球虫、柯雅艾美耳球虫。     

齐齐哈尔市羊寄生虫感染情况调查

为了摸清齐齐哈尔市羊寄生虫的感染情况，给综合防治提供科学依据，作者对齐齐哈尔、富裕等8个市县的160只绵（山）羊进行了寄生虫学检查。结果共检出寄生虫27种，隶属于4门6纲19科24属，其中吸虫3种，绦虫（蚴）5种，线虫10种、蜘蛛昆虫8种、原虫1种。鹿前后盘吸虫（Paramphistomurn cervi）、蛇形毛圆线虫（Tricho—strongylus colubriformis）、哥伦比亚食道口线虫（Oesophagostomum columbianum）、羊鼻蝇蛆（Oestrum ovis＇s larve）、捻转血矛线虫（Haemonchus corttortus）、兰氏鞭虫（Trichuris lani）等6种感染率高、感染强度大、分布广，为齐齐哈尔市羊寄生虫的优势虫种。     

青海省绵羊内寄生虫感染情况调查

运用寄生虫学完全剖检法,对青海省80只绵羊进行内寄生虫检查,调查结果表明该地区绵羊内寄生虫的感染率为30%。寄生虫种类有吸虫2属2种、绦虫1属1种、绦虫蚴3属3种、线虫8属8种、蜘蛛昆虫1属1种。分别是肝片吸虫、鹿同盘吸虫、中点无卵黄绦虫、细粒棘球蚴、细颈囊尾蚴、脑多头蚴、丝状网胃线虫、捻转血矛线虫、普通奥斯特他线虫、马歇尔线虫、尖刺细颈线虫、羊仰口线虫、食道口线虫、羊毛首线虫、羊鼻蝇蚴虫等。根据调查结果采取了相应的防治措施。     

肃南县羊只寄生虫病的防治经验

肃南县是一个养羊业为主的牧业县。历年来的调查表明,肃南县羊只感染有寄生虫32个属(种),其中内寄生虫25个属(种),包括线虫12个属,绦虫6个属,吸虫4个属,蜘蛛昆虫2个属,原虫1个属。外寄生虫有7个属。内寄生虫中奥斯特线虫、细颈线虫、夏伯特线虫的感染率和感染强度分别为87.79%、1995.0,48.47%、2095.3;65.08%、115.5。毛圆线虫的感染率仅15.93%,而感染强度可达390.8条,毛首线虫的感染率达69.43%,面感染强度仅有30.13条,可以看出对羊危害较严重的线虫是奥斯特线虫、     

黑龙江省双城市绵羊寄生虫区系调查

解剖绵羊69只，在54只绵羊体检获寄生虫24种，其中吸虫6种，绦虫(包括绦虫蚴)6种，线虫8种，羊狂蝇1种，以及硬蜱、疥螨和球虫。当地的优势种是捻转血矛线虫、羊仰口线虫、哥伦比亚食道口线虫、粗纹食道口线虫、蛇形毛圆线虫、绵羊毛首线虫、肝片形吸虫、胰阔盘吸虫、前后盘吸虫、贝氏莫尼茨绦虫、羊狂蝇幼虫。腔阔盘吸虫、棘球蚴、丝状网尾线虫、硬蜱和疥螨为双城市首见虫种。丝状网尾线虫是黑龙江省绵羊寄生虫的新记录。     

河南大尾寒羊消化道主要寄生虫感染状况调查

采用剖检法和粪虫卵检查法,对大尾寒羊消化道内主要寄生虫进行了流行病学调查,阳性检出率结果表明:感染的寄生虫中蠕虫优势种为捻转血矛线虫(54.35%)、仰口线虫(28.26%)、毛尾线虫(23.91%)和柏氏血矛线虫(15.22%);绦虫为扩展莫尼茨绦虫(10.87%)和细颈囊尾幼(8.7%);吸虫为肝片吸虫(6.52%);球虫为颗粒艾美耳球虫(13.54%)和类绵羊艾美耳球虫(9.38%)。在此基础上,提出了主要寄生虫病的防治措施。     

神木县羊寄生蠕虫种类及感染情况初步研究

为了解神木县羊寄生虫的感染情况,2011年7月～8月,采用蠕虫学完全剖检法抽样检查30只羊。共发现寄生虫11种,其中线虫8种:粗纹食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum asperum)、捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)、毛尾线虫(Trichuris sp.)、细颈线虫(Nematodirus sp.)、羊仰口线虫(Bunosto-mum trigoncephalum)、毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus sp.)、美丽筒线虫(Gongylonema pulchrum)、尖尾线虫(Oxyuris sp.);吸虫1种:矛形歧腔吸虫(Dicrocoelium lanceatum);绦虫2种:莫尼茨绦虫(Monieziasp.)、细颈囊尾蚴(Cysticercus tenuicollis)。其中线虫、绦虫感染率高,感染强度大。捻转血矛线虫感染率80%,粗纹食道口线虫感染率45%,细颈囊尾蚴感染率45%,为优势种。     

陕西榆林地区山羊消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解陕西榆林地区山羊消化道寄生虫感染情况,笔者采用饱和盐水漂浮法和尼龙筛兜淘洗法对榆林市绥德、佳县、米脂、吴堡、清涧和子洲6个县区27个羊场的174份粪样进行寄生虫检查。结果共检出1种绦虫、1种吸虫、4种线虫和9种球虫,其中毛圆科线虫(Trichostrongylidae)和阿氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria alijeri)分别是蠕虫和球虫中的优势种。总感染率为93.68%(163/174),平均混合感染2种及以上寄生虫。绥德县(18/18)和子洲县(34/34)的羊寄生虫感染率最高,均为100%;清涧县的羊感染率最低,为87.50%(28/32)。调查结果为陕西榆林地区羊群寄生虫病的防控奠定了理论基础。     

Abomasal secretion in sheep receiving adult Ostertagia circumcincta that are prevented from contact with the mucosa

AIMS: Both adult and larval Ostertagia circumcincta infections raise abomasal pH and serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations, either because of physical effects of the worms or from their chemical secretions. The study was designed to examine whether adult worms require contact with the gastric mucosa to effect changes in gastric secretion. METHODS: Abomasal pH and serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations were measured in four groups of sheep: Group A (n = 4): abomasal contents containing about 18,000 adult O. circumcincta were obtained from donor sheep, concentrated and infused into 5 microm mesh porous bags attached to surgically implanted abomasal cannulae. A second worm transplantation was carried out 1 week later to assess worm survival after 16 hours. Group B (n = 4): about 9000 adult worms, recovered after migration out of abomasal contents set in agar, were placed in small 5 microm mesh bags which were inserted through indwelling abomasal cannulae and left for 3 days. Group C (n = 2): about 3000 adult worms from the population recovered from agar were infused through abomasal cannulae which allowed. free movement in the abomasum. Group D (n = 3) was left uninfected. RESULTS: Worms transplanted directly into the abomasum (Group C) caused rapid and marked effects on abomasal secretion. Adult O. circumcincta died within 16 hours of transfer into the abomasum when they were restrained within porous bags. Nevertheless, in sheep receiving 18,000 worms, abomasal pH increased soon after new feed was presented on Days 1, 2 and 4 after worm transfer; serum gastrin was elevated in three sheep from 113 hours and serum pepsinogen increased in one animal. Sheep receiving 9000 worms showed similar trends but the results were equivocal. CONCLUSIONS: Adult O. circumcincta prevented from physical contact with the gastric mucosa by restraint in porous bags are able to raise abomasal pH. This study implicates parasite excretory-secretory products in mediating changes in gastric secretion caused by adult abomasal worms.     

内蒙古巴彦淖尔市畜禽寄生虫病调查

为了查清巴彦淖尔市辖区内畜禽寄生虫的感染、分布情况、流行与危害程度,提高防治效果,开展了本次畜禽寄生虫感染调查。调查采取生前临床检查、血液学检查、动物解剖、收集虫体、分类鉴定等方法,在全市7个旗、县、区,共66个乡镇选取羊386只(其中绵羊238只、山羊148只)、牛12头、骆驼8峰、猪11头、马驴8匹、鸡16只、兔10只,于实验室内解剖收集虫体,进行分类鉴定。调查结果显示,羊感染内外寄生虫53个种,牛、骆驼26个种,马属动物39个种,猪8个种,鸡5个种,兔7个种;畜禽寄生虫病在巴彦淖尔市较为普遍,感染率较高,危害也较为严重。本次调查不仅为我市进一步防治畜禽寄生虫病提供了依据,而且也对其他地区防治寄生虫病及寄生虫感染具有参考价值和指导作用。     

Possible application of a nematophagous fungus as a biological control agent of parasitic nematodes on commercial sheep farms in South Africa

Biological control of parasitic nematodes of livestock is currently under development and represents another tool that may be integrated into helminth parasite control strategies. This paper presents a brief introduction to commercial sheep farming in South Africa and currently available nematode parasite control methods. These include the FAMACHA clinical assay, strategies of pasture management, dilution of resistant worm species by introduction of susceptible worms, breed resistant sheep and nutritional supplementation. The purpose of this paper is to outline the principles of biological control using nematophagous fungi and how it may be applied on sheep farms in South Africa.     

Continuous in vitro cultivation of a recently identified Babesia that infects small ruminants in China

Babesia sp. Xinjiang was isolated from a splenectomised sheep infested by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hylomma anatolicum anatolicum, collected from sheep and cattle in Xinjiang province. It was considered to be a novel ovine Babesia species on the basis of its morphology, pathogenicity, vector tick species and alignments of 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) gene sequences. Continuous in vitro cultures of the ovine parasite were established using infected sheep blood. In RPMI 1640 medium with 7.5% sheep red blood cells (RBCs) maintained in an incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO(2), the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes (PPE) peaked at 10% in 24- and 6-well plates. It increased to 20-50% with the same culture medium but with 2.5% RBC in 75 cm(2) flasks. Two clonal lines of Babesia sp. Xinjiang were screened using the limiting dilution method. Growth characteristics of these lines in vitro were measured by a microtiter-based spectrophotometric method and from the PPE. The generation time in sheep erythrocytes was between 15.20 h and 16.27 h. Furthermore, the host range of parasite was identified with in vitro culture and in vivo infection. Erythrocytes of sheep, cattle, sika deer and humans could be invaded into by lines in vitro, but the parasites could not propagate in human erythrocytes. The parasites could not enter erythrocytes from goats in vitro. However, in vivo, only sheep could be infected by lines. Finally, a Babesia sp. Xinjiang-like parasite (which shared 99.5% identity with the original strain of Babesia sp. Xinjiang) was isolated using this in vitro culture system from 1 of 19 sheep blood samples collected from western Gansu province, China.     

Gross pathology and histopathology of haemonchosis in sheep and goats in Iraq

The response of Awassi sheep and a local breed of goats to H. contortus, the prevalent ovine and caprine strongyloid species in Iraq, was studied. A dose of 500 H. contortus (sheep origin) larvae kg-1 body wt. induced clinical and pathological changes of haemonchosis. Although the percentage recovery of worms was higher in sheep, the pathological (gross and microscopic) changes were more marked in infected goats. The extensive abomasal changes noted in goats were, in general, accompanied by a higher density or larvae in the gastric wall; the pathology did not necessarily depend upon parasite count alone and a definite relationship could not be established. The tissue changes in the goats are possibly of immunological origin, although a genetic resistance may operate, primarily at the level of worm establishment.     

Libyostrongylus douglassii in ostriches (Struthio camelus ssp.) in the Netherlands: case report and review

Several types of worms can parasitize ostriches, the most pathogenic of which is the wire worm (Libyostrongylus douglassii). This worm, which occurs in the stomach, can cause severe lesions which can lead to a high mortality, especially among young birds. This article describes mortality due to this parasite on an ostrich farm and discusses relevant literature on L. douglassii.     

青海省畜禽寄生虫虫种资源与分布

本文简要介绍青海省畜禽寄生虫虫种资源与分布,并对绵羊主要线虫虫卵和幼虫在天然草场的生活力进行了观察。迄今从该省牛、羊、马、猪、鸡、免等畜禽检出寄生虫301种,隶属于6门,9纲,22目,58科,97属。     

Interleukin-6 expression in gut of parasite challenged sheep

Following challenge with Trichosirongylus colubrifonizis, increased numbers of T-cells and immunoglobulin responses are seen in the intestine of sheep immunised by repeated infection with live worms. IL-6 mRNA expression in the small intestine from T. colubriformis-immunised and naive sheep was determined by in situ hybridisation, whereas CD4(+), IgA(+), IgG(+) cells in the gut were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. There was constitutive expression of IL-6 mRNA by cells in the naive gut, and the number of these cells was increased by parasite challenge. There were corresponding increases in numbers of CD4(+) and TCR gamma/delta(+) T-cells and IgG(+) B-cells. Our data are consistent with a role for IL-6, perhaps produced by CD4(+) and/or TCR gamma/delta(+) T-cells or B-cells, in B-cell terminal differentiation. Infiltration of B-cells, particularly IgG(+) B-cells, may reflect parasite immunity in the host.     

Comparison of two worm counting procedures for the enumeration of abomasal and small intestinal nematode parasites of sheep

A comparison was made between two worm counting procedures in sheep. One involved the washing of the abomasa and first 10m of the small intestine using a 250microm aperture sieve. The other the processing of the abomasa and total length of the small intestine using a 38microm aperture sieve. In the former case, the collection of worms and contents from the small intestine was performed by introducing water into the posterior end and then drawing it between finger and thumb, whereas in the latter instance the intestine was cut open before rinsing and washing. The data demonstrated that processing only the first 10m of the small intestine was likely to result in a serious underestimation of the total numbers of worms present. They also showed that cutting open and rinsing of this organ was unnecessary if it had already been washed out by introducing water into it. The proportions of the total numbers of both 5th and late 4th stage worms recovered using a 250microm aperture sieve were generally high. These ranged from 93 to 100% for all 5th stage worms and between 85 and 100% for late 4th stage larvae of worm genera other than Trichostrongylus where 45.8-61.5% of such larvae were recovered. However, only small proportions of early 4th stage larvae (range 7.7-33.3%) were retained by the use of a 250microm aperture sieve regardless of the parasite genus involved. It is suggested that judicious application of these findings may enable considerable time savings to be made when performing worm counts in sheep.     

Immunoprotective effect of cysteine proteinase fractions from two Haemonchus contortus strains adapted to sheep and goats

A preliminary analysis of the significance of genetic diversity in cysteine proteinase genes has been performed simultaneously in sheep and goats, with regard to the immunological control using these enzymes against haemonchosis. For this purpose, we have studied the cross-immunoprotective effect of cysteine protease-enriched protein fractions (CPFs) in adult worms of two Haemonchus contortus strains from North America and Spain that are adapted to sheep and goats, respectively. Previous genetic analysis of cysteine proteinase genes in both strains has shown that some of loci are polymorphic and these differences are translated into changes in the amino acid sequences. However, our results show that CPFs from H. contortus adult worms have a protective effect against the parasite in both sheep and goats. These results are similar regardless of whether they were obtained from sheep or goat-adapted H. contortus strains, which could be very important in case H. contortus CPFs were commercially used in different countries, as vaccines to prevent the negative effects of this parasite. Interestingly, this experimental inoculation of both species with a heterologous strain of H. contortus contributes to the idea shown in previous studies about how difficult is the interpretation and the comparison of vaccination where strains not adapted to a specific host are used. Therefore, the challenger of using heterologous strains could provide similar results to those observed in immunised animals. This study suggests the possibility of exploring the mechanisms involved in natural protection against non-adapted strains, in order to develop strategies to control haemonchosis.