9个水稻品种对水稻白叶枯病的抗性遗传研究

研究了８个灿稻抗病品种４号、川植５号、三黄占２号、二九丰、扬稻１号、７５－３４、８３００７、ＮＴ０２和１个粳稻抗病品种湘虎２５对水稻白叶枯菌系Ｐ１、ＨＢ８４－１７或Ｔ１的抗性遗传。这些抗病品种分别与感病品种沈农１０３３或金刚３０杂交，所得的Ｆ１、Ｆ２和Ｂ１Ｆ１群体的抗性反应，表明８个灿稻品种对Ｐ１和ＨＢ８４－１７的全生育期抗性均由一对不完全显性的基因控制，该抗性基因与Ｘａ－４是等位的；粳稻品种湘虎     

水稻白叶枯病(Xanthom onas campestris pv.oryzae)抗性遗传研究 Ⅲ.两个成株抗性基因X_a-6与X_a-3的等位性分析

研究了两个品种早生爱国3号和辛尼斯对菲律宾水稻白叶枯病菌4个生理小种、日本小种1和我国菌株的成株抗性遗传和抗性基因的等位关系。这两个抗病品种与感病品种沈农1033杂交所得的 F_1、F_2和 B_1F_1群体的成株抗性反应,表明它们均携有一对显性基因。将早生爱国3号同辛尼斯杂交进行直接等位性测定,并将邳早15和蚌珠芒分别与辛     

水稻白叶枯病抗源研究

研究了分别带有抗病基因Xa-1至Xa-11的抗源品种对我国3个白叶枯病菌菌株的抗性反应。结果表明抗病基因的Xa-2、xa-8、xa-9、Xa-7、Xa-10、Xa-11对供试菌株均表现高感;Xa-4、x1-5、Xa-6表现抗病;带有Xa-1,的kogyoku和带有Xa-3的品种Wase Aikoku3虽表现抗病,但似乎并不是抗病基因Xa-1和Xa-3的作用。一般地说,籼亚种抗病品种多为全生育期抗病性,粳亚种抗病品种均为成株期抗病性,而爪哇亚种抗病品种多为成株期抗病品种,但也有全生育期抗病性品种。这种抗性表现时期的差异似乎与普通栽培稻种的分化有一定联系。     

我国几个陆地棉品种枯萎病抗性的遗传分析

根据Hayman(1958)方法对4个抗病品种和4个感病品种共8个亲本及其8个半双列杂交组合的F_2代的平均病级进行双列杂交分析,结果表明.棉花对枯萎病的抗性存在加性和显性效应,无上位性,以加性效应为主;抗性呈不完全显性,受一对基因控制,广义、狭义遗传力都高达90％以上。16个抗×感组合的F_2代抗、感植株出现3:1比例分离,亦证实抗性受一对基因控制。抗、感病品种一般配合力差异达极显著水平,抗×感组合特殊配合力普遍低于感×感,抗×抗组合.因而抗病育种以配制抗×感类型组合为佳。     

普通野生稻的抗水稻白叶枯病(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)新基因Xa-23（t）的鉴定和分子标记定位

经抗谱评价、 抗性类型比较、 遣传分析鉴定出一个来自普通野生稻的抗白叶枯病新基因Xa-23（t）(暂名)。 结果表明它是迄今已知基因中抗谱最广, 抗性导入效应很强的一个完全显性的全生育期抗性基因。 用携有新基因Xa-23（t）的一对近等基因系(JG306／／Xa-23（t）)构建F2群体中选出160个单株用SSR(微卫星)标记进行基因定位     

水稻抗病育种研究——Ⅴ.中丹2号抗稻瘟基因分析

1984—1985年选7个具稻瘟病抗性单基因、代表13个抗稻瘟基因所在7个位点的粳稻品种和一个对所用菌系全部感病的品种构成一套测定品种与中丹2号进行杂交和回交,用致病性比较稳定的菌系于温室内同时鉴定亲本、F_1、F_2及 B_1F_1代的苗期叶瘟抗性,研究了中丹2号的抗瘟性遗传。结果表明:中丹2号具有 Pi-a 和 Pi-i 两个显性抗瘟基     

大豆对两个大豆花叶病毒本地株系抗性的遗传研究

本试验用5个抗病材料与3个丰产感病品种共配制10个杂交组合。对各组合 F_1、F_2、F_3或 BC_1世代进行了抗性鉴定,结果表明:(1)AGS-9对 S_A 或 S_C 的抗性受单个显性基因控制,不受母本细胞质的影响;(2)广吉、AGS-9、大白麻中,抗 S_A 的基因具等位性,广吉、AGS-9、徐州424、兖黄1号中,抗 S_C 的基因亦具等位性,(3)广吉 AGS-9中,     

水稻种质资源稻瘟病抗性全基因组关联分析

稻瘟病是一种对全球水稻生产威胁极大的真菌性病害,鉴定抗稻瘟病基因并将其导入到现有感病品种改良品种的抗性是控制这种病害的有效途径。本研究利用5个稻瘟病菌株鉴定了212份籼稻和235份粳稻种质资源的苗瘟抗性,分别筛选到8个和12个抗全部5个菌株的籼稻和粳稻种质材料。采用全基因组关联分析在籼粳混合群体、籼稻和粳稻种质资源中共定位到43个影响水稻苗瘟抗性的QTL,抗GD00-193、GD08-T19、GD17-CQ16、HB1708和HLJ13-856菌株的QTL分别为9、4、14、14和2个。其中, 12个抗病QTL仅在籼稻亚群中检测到, 7个仅粳稻亚群中检测到,1个为籼粳2个亚群共同检测到,说明籼稻抗稻瘟病总体好于粳稻,而且稻瘟病抗性存在明显的籼粳分化。同时影响水稻对2个及2个以上菌株的抗性或在2个及2个以上群体中同时被定位到的QTL共计11个,利用候选区间关联分析和单倍型分析鉴定到23个抗病候选基因,不同抗病候选基因在籼、粳群体中的分布频率不同。研究结果为水稻品种稻瘟病抗性分子改良提供种质资源和有利基因信息及不同抗病基因的育种利用策略。     

耒阳多毛等几个水稻品种对白叶枯病的抗性遗传

有关稻白叶枯病的抗性遗传研究,自1967年日本的西村首次报道了第一个抗白叶枯病基因以来,迄今在水稻上总共发现并命名了12个位点上的15个抗白叶枯病基因。其中,4个显性基因 Xa-1、Xa-2、Xa-3;Xa-kg 包括两个复等位基因 Xa-1~h、Xa-kg~h 是由日本用日本的菌系鉴定和命名的~((37)),另5个显性抗病基因 Xa-4、Xa-6、Xa-7、Xa-10、     

四个抗稻瘟病细胞突变体的抗性遗传分析

研究了4个细胞突变体对稻瘟病菌ZA15、ZB11、ZC1的抗性遗传，结果表明，88-331和88-334对ZA15、ZB11的抗性受2对重复显性基因控制，且与城堡1号至少有1对等位基因存在；对ZC15的抗性则由1对与城堡1号等位的显性基因控制；对ZG1的抗性则分别受2对与城堡1号不等位的重复显性基因控制。88-45对ZA15、ZB11、ZC15和ZG1的抗性分别由     

新品种绿珍8072和白香占的抗白叶枯病遗传分析及其基因检测

白叶枯病(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,Xoo)是水稻最严重的细菌性病害,抗病品种的培育利用是控制该病最经济有效的措施。本研究对新选育的抗白叶枯病品种绿珍8072和白香占抗性基因鉴定及遗传分析,以供生产应用参考。以绿珍8072和感病籼稻品种金刚30杂交,对亲本、F1和F2代接种广东白叶枯病强致病性菌系V型菌GD6027进行表型抗性鉴定,并利用与Xa7紧密连锁的微卫星标记对亲本和F2代个体进行了多态性和连锁分析,确定绿珍8072含有Xa7等位抗性基因并独立遗传;用同样的方法鉴定了白香占的抗性基因及其遗传方式,结果表明,白香占抗白叶枯病基因与xa5基因相关,但其F2代抗感病表现型和基因型分离比,不符合孟德尔隐性单基因遗传抗感(1:3)的分离比定律,存在偏分离现象。     

Genotypic response of faba bean to water stress

Forty resistant rice cultivars were studied for theinheritance of resistance to bacterial blight usingPhilippine races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo). Results showed that all thevarieties have at least two recessive genes forresistance. One of these genes governs resistance torace 1 (PXO61) while the other gene confers resistanceto race 6 (PXO99). In addition to the recessivegenes, nine of the varieties possess another dominantgene which also confers resistance to race 1.Allelism tests revealed that the recessive genesgoverning resistance to race 1 in 39 varieties areallelic to xa5 while the dominant genes in thenine varieties are allelic to Xa4. Therecessive gene conferring resistance to race 1 incultivar Sada Diga is inherited independently of xa5. Similarly, the recessive genes governingresistance to race 6 in all the varieties arenon-allelic to xa13. The allelic relationshipsof these genes with xa-24(t), a new recessivegene identified in cultivar DV86 which conveysresistance to race 6 are now being investigated.     

Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Brown Planthopper in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Seventeen rice cultivate resistant to brown planthoppers were genetically analyzed using the Bangladesh insect population. Seven cultivars were found to have a single dominant gene for resistance. These genes segregated independently of the recessive resistance gene bph-5. Tae dominant resistance gene of ‘Swarnalata’ was designated Bph-6. In ten cultivars, resistance is conferred by single recessive genes. In eight cultivars, the resistance genes are allelic to bph-5. However, the recessive genes o: two cultivars are non-allelic to bph-5. The recessive gene of T12 is designated bph-7.     

Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Gall Midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason) in Rice

The inheritance of resistance to rice gall midge (Ranchi biotype) was studied in 12 resistant cultivars by crossing with susceptible cultivars. By the study of F₁, F₂, F₃, B₁ and B₂ generations, it was found that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in ‘Surekha’, ‘Phalguna’, ‘Rajendra Dhan 202’, ‘IET 7918’‘IET 6187’, ‘BG 404-1’; by duplicate dominant genes in ‘W 1263’, ‘RPW 6-17’ and ‘WGL 48684’ and a monogenic recessive gene in ‘OB 677’ and ‘BKNBR 1008-21’. The allelism test of the resistant genes in the test cultivars with already known genes Gm1 and Gm2 was carried out. A single dominant gene that conveyed the resistance in ‘RPW 6–17’, ‘IET 7918’ and ‘IET 6187’ was allelic to Gm1 and segregated independently of Gm2. The resistance in ‘Phalguna’, ‘Rajendra Dhan 202’, ‘W 1263’ and ‘RPW 6–17’, ‘IR 36’ and ‘WGL 48684’ was governed by Gm2 gene which was independent of Gm1. Two additional genes were identified and designated as Gm3 and gm4. Three test cultivars ‘BG 404-1’, ‘W 1263’ and ‘WGL 48684’ were found to have Gm3 gene for resistance which was non-allelic and segregated independently of Gm1 and Gm2. Thus the cultivars ‘W 1263’ and ‘WGL 48684’ had two resistance genes Gw2 and Gm3 together. The cultivar ‘RPW 6–17’ also had two resistance genes Gm1 and Gm2 together. The recessive gene gm4 which conditioned the resistance in ‘OB 677’ and ‘BKNBR 1008-21’ was nonallelic to and segregated independently of Gm1, Gm2 and Gm3 genes. Linkage studies of the resistance gene with pigment characters were carried out in ‘Purple gora/IR 36’ cross. The resistance gene Gm2 was found to be linked with the genes governing the pigmentation in node, apiculus and stigma with crossover values of 15.78, 31.57 and 35.78 % respectively. By the trisomic analysis, it was found that the Gm2 gene was located on chromosome 3.     

Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Green Leafhopper in Rice

The inheritance of resistance to green leafhopper, Nephotettix impicticeps Ichi, was studied in 11 cultivars of rice, Oryza saliva L. These resistant cultivars were crossed with the susceptible cultivar ‘TN1’. The materials consisted of F₁, F₂ and F₃ populations including parents which were assessed by the bulk screening test. It was found that resistance in the cultivars TR36′, UPR254-35-3′-2′, ‘Jhingasail’, ‘Govind’, ‘RP825-45-1-3’, ‘MRC603-303’, ‘RD4’, and ‘Irat104 ’ was conditioned by a single dominant gene, whereas resistance in ‘Ptb8’ IR9805-97-1′, and ‘BG367-7’ was controlled by one recessive gene. The test on the allelic relationships of the resistance genes in the test cultivars with the known genes Glb1 and Glb2 revealed that the single dominant gene that conveyed the resistance in ‘UPR254-35-3-2’ and ‘Jhingasail’ was allelic to Glh1 and segregated independently of Glh2. The resistance in ‘Govind’ and ‘RP82S-45-1-3’ was governed by the Glh2 gene which was independent of Glh1. The test cultivars ‘IR36’;. ‘MRC603-303’, ‘RD4’. and Irat104 ’ had a dominant gene for resistance which was nonallelic to Glb1 and Glb2. The recessive gene which conditioned the resistance in ‘Ptb8’, ‘IR9805-97-1’, and ‘BG367-1’ segregated independently of Glh1 and Glh2. Eleven trisomics in an ‘TR36’ background were crossed with ‘Java’, a cultivar susceptible to green leafhopper. The segregation pattern of the F₂ and backcross generations revealed that the Glb6 gene was located on chromosome 5.     

黑龙江省稻瘟病菌生理小种毒力基因分析与抗病育种策略

近年来黑龙江省稻瘟病危害程度加重,给水稻生产造成巨大损失。为了解当地稻瘟病菌生理小种及其毒性基因的组成与分布,有针对性地利用抗性基因,选育抗病品种和使之合理布局,本文利用9个日本鉴别品种、7个中国鉴别品种、31个抗稻瘟病单基因系及12个当地主栽品种,对2006年采自该省主要积温区不同水稻品种的173个稻瘟病菌株进行致病性测定。结果鉴定出55个日本小种,优势小种为017、077、037、377和047,总频率为42.29%。鉴别力比较结果证实日本鉴别品种比中国鉴别品种更适合于当地稻瘟病菌致病性变异与小种分化研究。在12个主栽品种中,除龙粳14、龙盾104外,其他品种已经或正在丧失对稻瘟病的抗性。Pi9基因在所有积温区对稻瘟病菌株的抗谱都最广(平均94.80%),是当前黑龙江省水稻育种上极有价值的抗性基因;基因Piz-5(CA)、Piz-5(R)、Pita-2(R)、Pita-2(P)、Pi12(t)和Pi20(t)对供试菌株有高于70%的抗谱,也具有较高的利用价值。黑龙江省当前抗稻瘟病育种的策略应该是,在利用抗源龙粳14、龙盾104和Pi9的基础上,通过分子标记辅助选择方法聚合一至多个广谱抗性基因;同时加强对稻瘟病菌种群的监测和新抗源的发掘,有针对性地向主栽品种导入新的抗性基因。     

水稻两用核不育系龙S抗稻瘟病主效基因的定位

龙S是一个广谱抗稻瘟病的水稻两用核不育系,利用分子标记技术精细定位其主效抗性基因,对于培育抗稻瘟病水稻新品种具有重要意义。采用来自国内外的41个稻瘟病菌系通过接种鉴定方式对龙S进行了稻瘟病抗谱分析,结果显示龙S的抗性频率为100%,对其中39个菌系表现高水平抗性,与Pi9的携带品种75-1-127抗性频率和抗病级别基本相当。群体遗传分析表明龙S的抗性基因表现为显性遗传方式,对于不同菌系龙S表现出不同的抗病遗传模式,其中龙S对稻瘟菌系318-2的抗性由单基因控制。通过抗病亲本龙S与感病亲本日本晴构建F₂分离群体,采用BSA (bulk segregant analysis)及RCA (recessive class analysis)分析方法,将龙S的主效抗病基因精细定位于第9染色体上的SSR标记M1-M2所在的1.31 cM区间,与已克隆的广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi5位于相邻的染色体区域。抗谱分析表明,龙S与Pi5、Pii单基因系的抗性频率差异明显,抗谱较后二者更广。龙S主效抗性基因的精细定位,为进一步揭示其与Pi5、Pii的等位关系以及通过分子标记辅助选择培育抗病水稻新品种奠定了基础。     

云南抗白叶枯病稻种的RGA初析

根据水稻抗白叶枯病Xa21基因的富含亮氨酸重复区域（LRR）和番茄抗细菌性斑点病(Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato)的Pto基因编码蛋白质激酶的DNA序列，设计2对引物用于扩增抗水稻白叶枯病品种中的抗病基因同源序列。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和聚类分析，结果表明供试抗病品种间具有丰富的RGA多态性，用同一引物测定的属于同一簇