Size-fractionated fish hydrolysate as feed ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed high plant protein diets. I: Growth, growth regulation and feed utilization

Six experimental diets were fed to rainbow trout to examine the effect of fish hydrolysate and ultra filtered fish hydrolysate on growth performance, feed utilization and growth regulation using diets low in dietary fish meal inclusion. One diet contained a high level of plant protein sources (90.6% of total dietary protein) and a low level of fish meal (9.4% of dietary protein). Two diets contained different levels of hydrolysate in exchange for the plant protein sources, reducing the plant protein level to 73.9% and 57.2%, respectively. Two further diets were identical in composition except that the hydrolysate was ultra filtered to remove low molecular weight compounds. A moderate level of fish meal was used in the sixth diet which had a dietary plant protein level of 57.0%. All diets were made equal in protein, lipid, energy and lysine. The feeding trial lasted for 90 days and for the fastest growing group, fed moderate level of fish meal, the fish increased in weight from 149 g at start to a final weight of 443 g. All groups showed significant differences in growth and feed utilizations. Specific growth rates were; 0.30% day^− 1 for the plant protein diet, 0.98% day^− 1 for the high hydrolysate diet, 0.72% day^− 1 for the group containing the high level of ultra filtered hydrolysate, and 1.21% day^− 1 for the moderate fish meal diet. Feed efficiencies (g fish weight gain per g feed intake) were found to be 0.57 for plant protein diet, 0.97 for high level of hydrolysate, 0.83 for ultra filtered hydrolysate and 1.03 for the moderate fish meal diet. Half dietary inclusions of hydrolysate and ultra filtered hydrolysate revealed values between the plant protein diets and high levels of these ingredients, respectively. Feed consumption in percentage of average fish weight per day, correlated with the feed efficiency for all groups. PER, PPV and BV correlated with the differences in growth. Protein digestibilities were equal for all groups, while the moderate fish meal diet showed higher lipid and energy digestibilities than the plant protein diets. Although some of the differences may be due to growth inhibitors in plant resources other explanations may be relevant. Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were significantly higher in fish fed the plant protein diet than fish fed the fish meal or high hydrolysate diet, which is most likely a result of their poor feeding status. Plasma IGF-I levels were not affected by diet. Comparisons of groups with similar inclusion of plant ingredients, and thus equal level of growth inhibitors, show that in removing small molecular weight compounds from fish hydrolysate, the growth and feed efficiency were significantly reduced. Some of these small compounds in fish hydrolysate thus seem to be essential for biological performance. Further, as fish meal revealed the best performance, fish muscle protein is not the only nutrient that makes fish meal an essential ingredient in aqua feed for carnivorous fish. This information is important in the work to find replacement of fish meal in a sustainable growing global aquaculture industry.     

Inclusion of size fractionated fish hydrolysate in high plant protein diets for Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Fish hydrolysate was evaluated as feed ingredient in high plant protein diets in an 89 days feed experiment with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The fish hydrolysate was size fractionated by ultra- and nano-filtration and the various fractions were tested specifically as feed ingredients to trace any effect observed with the hydrolysate. All diets contained 68% of total protein as plant protein, added as a mixture of corn gluten, full-fat soy bean meal, soy protein concentrate and extracted soy bean meal. The diets were equal in protein, lipid and energy. The control diet contained 21.8% fish meal. Fish hydrolysate was tested in another diet where one third of the fish meal protein was exchanged with the fish hydrolysate. Retentate after ultra-filtration of fish hydrolysate and retentate and permeate after nano-filtration were used in three separate diets at dietary inclusion levels corresponding to the absolute dry matter level of the fractions in the hydrolysate. The cod tripled in weight during the experimental period. No significant differences were observed for growth or feed intake for any groups. The diets containing retentate from ultra- and nano-filtration showed lower feed efficiency than the control diet with fish meal or the diet containing fish hydrolysate or permeate after nano-filtration. In conclusion the results show that fish hydrolysate may successfully be used as a protein source in high plant protein diets for Atlantic cod in exchange of fish meal. Removal of small molecules from the fish hydrolysate by filtration reveals poorer feed utilization indicating that this marine fraction of small compounds is important for optimal growth of Atlantic cod. This may be important in the discussion of increased dietary utilization of plant protein sources in feed for fish.     

云纹石斑鱼生物学特性及人工繁育技术研究进展

云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)具有耐受性强、生长速度快、质量优、价格高等特点,是温带海域养殖的理想品种。本文简要概括了云纹石斑鱼的生物学特性,以及近几年的人工繁育技术的研究现状,重点在亲鱼选择与强化培育、催产与受精卵孵化以及仔稚鱼培育方面取得的研究进展及就其发展前景进行分析,旨在为我国云纹石斑鱼的苗种规模化繁育技术研发提供参考。     

Effect of dietary fish protein hydrolysate on growth,feed utilization and IGF‐I levels of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fish protein hydrolysate on growth performance, insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) levels and the expression levels of liver IGF‐I mRNA in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish hydrolysate was produced by enzymatic (alcalase and flavourzyme) treatment and size‐fractionated by ultrafiltration. The permeate after ultrafiltration (UF) and the non‐ultrafiltered fish hydrolysate were tested as feed ingredients using high plant protein diets. Fish meal was used in the control diet (FM). The feeding trial lasted for 60 days, and fish fed with 37 g kg^?1 UF showed the best growth, feed efficiency, digestibility and protein utilization. Plasma IGF‐I level was examined with radioimmunoassay, and the expression levels of liver IGF‐I mRNA were evaluated using real‐time PCR normalized against the 18S rRNA gene. Plasma IGF‐I levels were significantly increased by inclusion of fish protein hydrolysate. Liver IGF‐I mRNA expression was significantly higher in fish fed with 37 g kg^?1 UF diet than fish fed with control diet. The results indicated that small molecular weight compounds from fish protein hydrolysate showed a positive effect on growth and feed utilization in juvenile Japanese flounder. Dietary fish protein hydrolysate could improve plasma IGF‐I levels and liver IGF‐I mRNA expression in Japanese flounder.     

水解鱼蛋白的营养特征及其在水产动物营养饲料中的研究进展

鱼粉短缺是当今水产饲料行业中亟待解决的难题,而水产品加工副产品占水产品的总重量超过60%,因此,充分利用水产品加工副产品,提高其营养价值,是解决鱼粉短缺的重要途径。水解鱼蛋白是水解水产品加工副产品而得到的富含游离氨基酸和不同肽链长度的蛋白寡肽,目前,越来越多的研究证明,其对水产养殖动物的生长性能具有重要的促进作用。本文从水解鱼蛋白的制备、营养特性及水产饲料中的研究和应用方面展开综述,系统论述近年来水解鱼蛋白在水产动物营养相关领域的研究成果,并提出在水产饲料中的进一步研究方向,以期为水解鱼蛋白在水产动物营养学研究及其在水产饲料中的应用提供参考。     

Effect of size‐fractionated fish protein hydrolysate on growth and feed utilization of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Four experimental diets were fed to turbot to examine the effect of fish hydrolysate and ultra‐filtered fish hydrolysate on growth performance, feed utilization and non‐specific immune response. Fish hydrolysate was produced by enzymatic treatment and size fractionated using ultra‐filtration (UF). The permeate (molecular weight <1000 Da) after UF and the non‐ultra‐filtered fish hydrolysate (NUF) were tested as feed ingredients. Diets UF1, UF2 contained 3.7%, 1.2% ultra‐filtered fish hydrolysate to replace fish meal protein respectively. The diets UF1, NUF were identical in composition except that the molecular weight of fish hydrolysate in the diet. Fish meal was used in the control diet. All diets were made equal in protein, lipid and energy. Each experimental diet was fed to juvenile turbot (27.87 ± 0.04 g) in triplicate for 8 weeks. Results of this study indicate that the best overall growth and feed utilization of turbot juveniles were obtained with a diet containing higher dose of the small molecular weight compounds in fish hydrolysate. Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activity in serum were not affected by diet. Total antioxidant capacity was improved with increasing level of low molecule weight fish hydrolysate (UF1).     

The use of locally produced fish meal and other dietary manipulations in practical diets for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The aim of this trial was to compare the performance of rainbow trout fed diets including local or imported fish meal as the main protein sources, and to test the effect of reducing the fish meal content or including a fish protein hydrolysate in the diets. Two experimental diets were formulated to include 35% (diet 2) or 20% (diet 3) of a local processed whole fish meal; two other diets were formulated similar to diets 2 and 3 but with 5% fish protein hydrolysate replacing the same amount of fish meal (diets 4 and 5 respectively); a diet similar to diet 2, but including Norwegian fish meal, was used as a control (diet 1). The growth trial lasted 14 weeks and was carried out in floating net cages (325‐L capacity), with duplicate groups of 20 rainbow trout of an initial average weight of 58 g. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of the diets were evaluated in a separate laboratory trial. At the end of the growth trial, there were no significant differences in growth rate and protein efficiency ratio among groups. Feed conversion ratios were significantly better in groups fed diets 3, 4 and 5 than in the other groups. Nitrogen retention (% of N intake) was significantly higher in fish fed diets 4 and 5 than in those fed diet 2. There were no significant differences in energy retention (% of energy intake) among groups. At the end of the trial, there were no significant differences among groups in proximate composition of whole fish. The ADC of protein, energy and phosphorus of diets 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of diets 3 and 5. It was concluded that, under the experimental conditions tested, performance of rainbow trout fed practical diets including good quality local processed fish meal is similar to that of fish fed diets including Norwegian fish meal. A reduction in the fish meal from 35% to 20% of the diet or the inclusion of a fish protein hydrolysate had no negative effects on growth performance and improved feed utilization.     

Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review

Continued growth and intensification of aquaculture production depends upon the development of sustainable protein sources to replace fish meal in aquafeeds. This document reviews various plant feedstuffs, which currently are or potentially may be incorporated into aquafeeds to support the sustainable production of various fish species in aquaculture. The plant feedstuffs considered include oilseeds, legumes and cereal grains, which traditionally have been used as protein or energy concentrates as well as novel products developed through various processing technologies. The nutritional composition of these various feedstuffs are considered along with the presence of any bioactive compounds that may positively or negatively affect the target organism. Lipid composition of these feedstuffs is not specifically considered although it is recognized that incorporating lipid supplements in aquafeeds to achieve proper fatty acid profiles to meet the metabolic requirements of fish and maximize human health benefits are important aspects. Specific strategies and techniques to optimize the nutritional composition of plant feedstuffs and limit potentially adverse effects of bioactive compounds are also described. Such information will provide a foundation for developing strategic research plans for increasing the use of plant feedstuffs in aquaculture to reduce dependence of animal feedstuffs and thereby enhance the sustainability of aquaculture.     

鱼贝类肌肉品质变化与能量代谢关联

水产养殖是满足人们对蛋白质需求的重要途径,减少鱼贝类捕后因鲜度下降导致的资源浪费是水产品加工领域的重要研究课题之一。横纹肌作为鱼贝类肌肉中主要的食用部位,其品质变化与肌肉能量代谢状况密不可分。本文详细综述了ATP在线粒体、肌质网和肌原纤维蛋白间的产生、转运和消耗的过程。回顾了基于横纹肌能量代谢过程所提出的一系列鱼贝类肌肉鲜度评价指标,包括ATP及其关联化合物相关的K值、K_max值、AEC值,以及肌原纤维蛋白和肌质网的ATPase活性、线粒体结构和呼吸活性等。进一步根据消费现状综述了各鲜度指标在鱼类鲜品和贝类活品中的适用性,提出加强鱼贝类捕后初期（品质易逝期）控制的必要性和紧迫性。在众多指标中,线粒体活性可作为易逝期品质控制的有效指标,可有效开展易逝期的品质评价,减少因捕后处置不当造成的品质损失和资源浪费。     

The effects of dietary marine protein hydrolysates on the development of sea bass larvae,Dicentrarchus labrax,and associated microbiota

Protein hydrolysate is an essential component of dry starter diets for fish larvae, as promoting healthy development. Peptides are also suitable substrates for many intestinal microbes. Five experimental diets were compared to a control diet (CONT) supplemented with a commercial fish protein hydrolysate. Each diet contained one marine protein hydrolysate, which differed by the proportion of di‐ and tri‐peptides, and by raw materials. Two diets (HYD4 and HYD5) stimulated larval growth compared with CONT. Two other diets (HYD1 and HYD2) yielded inferior growth. HYD1 was detrimental for survival, which was associated with an up‐regulation of genes involved in inflammation and antioxidative responses, while the gene coding for osteocalcin was down‐regulated in this group. The relative activity of enzymes in the brush border membrane of enterocytes was significantly stimulated with diets HYD3 and HYD4. Gut microbiota were influenced by the diet, but the bacterial community profiles observed with HYD3 and HYD4 were the only ones that were not significantly dissimilar. Groups HYD1 and HYD2 showed the most dissimilar microbiota. It was concluded that the nature of the marine protein hydrolysate is important for larval development and health, but a high proportion of small peptides is not a sufficient criterion to assess dietary value.     

Microencapsulation of Fish Oil Using Fish Protein Hydrolysate,Maltodextrin, and Gum Arabic: Effect on Structural and Oxidative Stability

ABSTRACT

Microencapsulated fish oil was prepared by spray drying using fish protein hydrolysate, sodium caseinate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic as wall material. Fish protein hydrolysate was prepared from pink perch meat, and its physical and functional properties were studied. Microencapsulates prepared with a combination of sodium caseinate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic were kept as control. The encapsulation efficiency and oil release behavior of microencapsulates was evaluated. Surface morphology and thermal properties of microencapsulates were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, respectively. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the spectral pattern of microencapsulates showed a similar structural pattern with a minor band shift for both control and fish protein hydrolysate containing microencapsulates. Oxidative stability of fish oil microencapsulates indicated that the sample stored under was 4°C was more stable than microencapsulates stored under 60°C and 28 ± 2°C temperature conditions. Moreover, microencapsulates containing fish protein hydrolysate had a lower thiobarbituric acid value. Results suggest that the incorporation of fish protein hydrolysate along with other wall material could improve the oxidative stability of microcapsules during storage.     

大菱鲆利用水解鱼蛋白和牛蛙蛋白的差异

为探究大菱鲆对不同来源水解蛋白的利用效率,实验选取太平洋狭鳕和牛蛙下脚料为蛋白来源,分别制备水解鱼蛋白和水解牛蛙蛋白,以初始体重为(8.00±0.01) g的大菱鲆为研究对象,进行为期56 d的养殖实验。实验设2个对照组,正对照组(PC)鱼粉含量为35.0%,负对照组(NC)鱼粉含量为26.5%;设2个实验组,水解鱼组(FPH)为26.5%的鱼粉和8.0%的水解鱼蛋白,水解牛蛙组(BPH)为26.5%的鱼粉和9.5%的水解牛蛙蛋白。结果显示,FPH组的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著高于BPH组和NC组,与PC组无显著差异。摄食6 h后,食糜必需氨基酸中赖氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸和缬氨酸在BPH组的含量显著高于PC组;多数非必需氨基酸在BPH组含量最高,但无显著差异。质子偶联氨基酸转运载体PAT1和小肽转运载体PepT1的mRNA表达量分别在FPH组和BPH组都显著高于PC组和NC组;碱性氨基酸转运载体CAT1和y⁺L型氨基酸转运载体y⁺LAT2的mRNA表达量在各处理组中无显著差异。研究表明,在饲料中添加鳕和牛蛙蛋白水解物均能提高大菱鲆的生长性...     

Size-fractionated fish hydrolysate as feed ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed high plant protein diets. II: Flesh quality, absorption, retention and fillet levels of taurine and anserine

In the work to find replacement for fish meal in feed for fish, the inclusion of plant protein sources at high dietary level is an important issue. The present experiment was carried out to reveal how different feed ingredients affected the eating quality of the grown up fish with focus on nitrogen compounds as amino acids, taurine and anserine. Six experimental diets were fed to rainbow trout in triplicates for 90 d. All diets were composed to be equal in protein, lipid, energy and lysine. Three levels of a mixture of plant sources (full fat soy, extracted soy, soy protein concentrate, corn gluten) constituting 57.2%, 73.9% and 90.6% of total dietary protein were used. A small amount of fish meal was added in 5 diets constituting 9.4% of total protein. A fish hydrolysate that was high in free amino acids, taurine and anserine was tested at 16% and 32% dietary inclusion of total protein. Two other diets contained the same level of protein from the same hydrolysate that was ultra filtrated to remove low molecular weight compounds. Digestibility of taurine and anserine was found to be close to 99% for all groups, except for the group containing high level of plant sources. The levels of taurine in whole trout and fillets decreased during the feed experiment, but were about the same for all groups at the end of the feeding experiment and independent of dietary levels. The level of anserine in fish and fillets was equal from start to end of the experiment and independent of dietary inclusion. Taurine and anserine therefore seem to be homeostatic regulated in trout and independent on dietary levels. Amino acid content in fish and fillet was also equal for all groups and independent of protein sources used in the diets. The chemical composition showed higher lipid and dry matter levels in fish and fillet in fish that grew the fastest. In conclusion, plant protein sources may be included in diets for trout at high levels without affecting the eating quality as evaluated by amino acids, taurine and anserine levels.     

Engineering aspects of a new process for producing dry larval feed

This paper summarizes the progress being made in the study of a specific biological process for digesting fish proteins to produce the highly functional pepsin fish protein hydrolysate (PFPH).The composition and approximate analysis of the fish protein are presented, together with the nutritional values. A detailed amino acid analysis of PFPH prepared from deboned flesh is compared against other standards.Finally, the paper comments on the unit operations which, by necessity, are being investigated to produce PFPH and the final product, dry larval feed.     

Morphology, endocrinology, and environmental modulation of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fishes

Successful reproduction by an adult depends on the normal ontogenesis of the gonads, a complex process of cellular and histological differentiation that starts early in life. This process is theoretically predetermined by genetic factors and includes sensitisation of the bipotential gonads to endogenous endocrine factors prior to, during and even after commitment to maleness or femaleness. However, young fish are relatively vulnerable to a host of environmental (physical and chemical) factors that can affect this endogenous endocrine axis, disturbing or even overriding the putative developmental pathway. This sexually lability can be exploited to our advantage for the production of monosex fish populations of the most valuable sex for food production or aquarium fish trade. On the other hand, it represents also a potential path for undesirable influences from endocrine-disrupting chemicals and climatic factors, particularly environmental temperature. This paper provides a detailed account of the early histological process of gonadal sex differentiation, with special reference to gonochoristic species, and reviews the criteria employed to positively identify ovarian and testicular differentiation. It also reviews the development of endocrine competence and sensitivity of the differentiating gonads to exogenous influences in the context of the relative stability of genotypic sex determination in various fish species. Sex differentiation in some species seems to be under strong genetic control and may not require endogenous sex steroid production. Conversely, reliance on endogenous sex steroids for gonadal differentiation is observed in other species and this phenomenon is apparently associated with a higher incidence of environment (mainly temperature)-labile sex differentiation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Development of plant‐based diets and the evaluation of dietary attractants for juvenile Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus L.

Sustainable and profitable commercial aquaculture production of marine fish species is dependent on the development of sustainable protein sources as substitutes for expensive animal meals such as fishmeal (FM). Previous Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus studies have indicated that poultry by‐product meal (PBM) and meat and bone meal can be used to produce a FM‐free diet if suitable levels of nutrients (such as taurine) are included in the diets. In this study, we attempted to develop an all‐plant protein diet by removing the animal proteins in practical diets for pompano by substituting back select ingredients. A series of eight FM‐free diets were formulated, four systematically replaced soybean meal (SBM) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) and four replaced PBM with SPC. Based on the results, there is no clear disadvantage to the use of SPC as a replacement for SBM. However, the complete removal of PBM resulted in reduced performance. Two additional growth trials were conducted to supplement additional amino acids including glycine, valine and histidine, a proprietary chemical attractant mix, fish protein concentrate and squid hydrolysate to improve the growth of pompano when fed all‐plant protein diets. The only improvement in performance occurred with the squid hydrolysate. These results demonstrate that using soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and corn gluten meal as the primary protein sources, a plant‐based feed formulation can be developed, but the removal of all animal proteins is not yet feasible.     

Effect of Microparticulate Diets on Growth and Survival of Spotted Sand Bass Larvae, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, at Two Early Weaning Times

Early weaning in spotted sand bass larvae, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, was evaluated, testing a combination of two weaning times, 17 and 22 d after hatching (d.a.h.), and three different microparticulate diets. Protein in diets was mainly from sardine meal and from 15% squid meal, beef blood meal, or fish protein hydrolysate. Anatomical (standard length), histological (gut development), and biochemical (highly unsaturated fatty acids) parameters were measured in larvae, as well as survival and resistance to a stress test measured 40 d.a.h. For larvae weaned at 17 d.a.h., the best growth and survival were obtained with diets containing fish protein hydrolysates; for larvae weaned at 22 d.a.h., best results were obtained with squid meal and fish protein hydrolysate. Growth and survival were significantly lower when using beef blood meal in both weaning treatments. The best relative and total survival were for larvae weaned at 22 d.a.h. After the resistance test, 100% survival occurred in larvae fed on any microparticulate diet and either weaning treatment. No significant differences in arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in fish fed on any diet occurred. Results suggest that weaning at 22 d.a.h. with diets containing fish protein hydrolysate or squid meal is preferred by this species.     

酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼生长、免疫力、抗氧化性及抗无乳链球菌感染的影响

本研究旨在探究饲料中添加酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长性能、免疫力和抗病力的影响。在基础饲料中添加0 (对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的酵母水解物制成5种实验饲料,对5组初始体重为(25.80±0.45) g的吉富罗非鱼进行为期8周的养殖实验,每组 3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。实验结束后,每个重复选择12尾鱼进行无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)攻毒实验,每尾鱼腹腔注射0.2 mL浓度为8.3×105 CFU/mL的菌液,连续观察14 d,统计累积死亡率。结果显示,随着酵母水解物添加量的增加,吉富罗非鱼终末体质量(FBW)和特定生长率(SGR)均呈先显著上升(P<0.05)后下降的趋势。回归分析表明,当SGR达到最大值时,对应的酵母水解物添加量为1.29%。罗非鱼血清一氧化氮合酶、酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均随饲料中酵母水解物添加量的提高呈先上升后下降的趋势(P<0.05),添加量为1.5%时达最大值。饲料添加酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼无乳链球菌的抵抗力有显著影响(P<0.05),除添加量为0.5%的实验组死亡率与对照组差异不显著外,其他实验组罗非鱼的死亡率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。本研究中,饲料添加酵母水解物可有效提高吉富罗非鱼的生长性能、免疫力和抗病力,且在添加量为1.5%时,效果最显著。     

饲料中不同水解蛋白对鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼鱼体及组织脂肪含量的影响

本研究通过8周的摄食生长实验来探讨高植物蛋白饲料中添加不同类型的水解蛋白对鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼(初始平均体重为31.99 g)鱼体及组织脂肪含量的影响.实验设4个等氮等能的饲料处理组,对照组含有30％的鱼粉,通过在对照组饲料基础上分别添加水解猪血蛋白、水解豆粕蛋白和水解酵母蛋白替代10％的鱼粉来获得不同类型的实验组饲料,即水解猪血蛋白组、水解豆粕蛋白组和水解酵母蛋白组.养殖实验在近海浮式网箱中进行,每组饲料投喂3个重复的养殖网箱,每个网箱30尾鱼.实验结果显示,高植物蛋白饲料中水解猪血蛋白、水解豆粕蛋白及水解酵母蛋白并没有对鲈鱼幼鱼的鱼体、肝脏、肌肉和内脏的脂肪含量产生显著影响.但与对照组相比,添加水解酵母蛋白的处理组显著降低了鲈鱼幼鱼的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P＜0.05).水解酵母蛋白替代鱼粉显著提高了鲈鱼幼鱼肌肉中C20:1n-9的含量,而水解豆粕蛋白和水解酵母蛋白显著降低了肌肉中C22:5n-3的含量(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,水解酵母蛋白显著降低了血清中C20:5n-3的含量(P＜0.05).在腹部脂肪组织中,与对照组相比,猪血、豆粕及酵母蛋白水解物替代鱼粉极显著提高了饱和脂肪酸、十八碳及十六碳单不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸的含量,而极显著降低了C20:1n-9、C20:4n-6、C22:5n-3和C22:6n-3的含量(P＜0.01).本研究表明,高植物蛋白饲料中猪血、豆粕及酵母蛋白水解物替代10％的饲料鱼粉并未有效调节鲈鱼幼鱼鱼体、肝脏、肌肉及内脏的脂肪累积,但水解酵母蛋白在一定程度上改善了血清甘油三酯和胆固醇的代谢.水解蛋白对鲈鱼幼鱼脂肪酸组成的调节因水解蛋白的类型及鱼体组织类型而异.本研究是国内外首次系统研究不同类型水解蛋白对养殖鱼类脂肪累积的调节作用,对该领域相关研究具有重要借鉴和参考意义.