福建省冬种马铃薯新品种筛选研究

2005～2006年对福建省内外科研单位新育成的马铃薯新品种中薯3号等7个品种(含对照),在不同生态区进行7个点3重复的比较试验,试验结果经统计分析,不同品种间产量差异显著.中薯3号丰产性好,闽薯1号丰产性较好,这两个品种综合性状较好,适宜福建作菜用品种种植,坝58丰产性好,干物质率高,还原糖含量低,薯型圆形,适宜福建作加工薯片品种种植,坝薯8号与9521-63丰产性差,不适宜福建种植.     

甘薯新品种综合性状鉴定与利用前景分析

组织安排了金山67、连薯98、泉薯84等9个甘薯新品种在龙岩、泉州等9个点进行三重复试验,结果表明,不同品种间产量存在极显著差异,品种与地点互作也存在极显著差异.泉薯84、宁薯6号等品种产量、农艺性状等表现突出,可进一步加大试验力度.     

甘薯新品种综合性状鉴定与利用分析

为了及时鉴定福建省近年来选育的甘薯新品种的丰产性和适应性,加快品种更新更换。2006、2007连续两年组织了泉薯76、福薯8号、金山679、龙薯13号等7个甘薯新品种,在福州等9个点进行三重复试验,通过试验,结果表明不同品种间产量存在极显著差异,品种与地点互作也存在极显著差异。泉薯76、福薯8号、龙薯14号3个品种食味评分、晒干率、出粉率均高于对照,且抗蔓割病、中抗薯瘟病以上。金山679、金山763、龙薯13号3个品种鲜薯产量比对照增产极显著,其他性状与对照相当。这6个品种可在全省进一步加大试验力度;福薯9号食味评分、晒干率、出粉率均高于对照,薯肉带紫色。但仅在莆田、浦城、龙岩、南安、泉州5个试点表现丰产性较好,可在这些区域进一步加大试验力度。     

生物有机肥对马铃薯产量及淀粉含量的影响

以紫花白、内薯3号、坝薯10号为试验材料,研究了生物有机肥、锰肥、锌肥作底肥在马铃薯上的施用效果。结果表明,马铃薯品种、底肥种类对马铃薯产量和淀粉含量的影响差异显著,肥料种类对马铃薯产量、淀粉含量的影响程度均为:生物有机肥>锰肥>锌肥>对照。     

修文县马铃薯新品种适宜垄作方式及密度探索

为筛选出适宜修文县种植的马铃薯新品种及合理的种植规格,在小箐镇开展了费乌瑞它、青薯9号、威芋5号、黔芋8号的垄作方式及密度配置试验。结果表明,4个品种在产量、单株结薯数、单株薯重、单株小薯数上存在极显著或显著差异,同一品种在单垄单行或单垄双行垄作方式下,在行距相同而株距不同时产量表现亦存在区别。黔芋8号产量潜力和商品率均比较高且适应性较强,可以进行生产示范,且以单垄单行+行距60cm+株距28cm种植方式效果最好。     

贵州乌蒙山区菜用马铃薯品种栽培比较试验

为筛选出可在贵州乌蒙山区推广的生长、产量表现较好的菜用马铃薯品种,以8个菜用马铃薯品种在贵州水城县双戛乡进行栽培比较试验,结果表明:费乌瑞它、中薯3号、郑薯5号和川芋39四个品种表现为早熟,新芋4号表现为晚熟；费乌瑞它、中薯3号、威芋5号在生育期、经济性状、商品外观上综合表现较好,且威芋5号、费乌瑞它小区产量最高(50 kg/18m2),其次是中薯3号(47.3 kg/18 m2),3个品种分别与其余参试品种达显著或极显著性差异,适宜在乌蒙山区进行推广.     

8个马铃薯品种对晚疫病的田间抗性比较

随着病原生理小种的变化和品种抗性的差异,马铃薯品种抗性监测已成为常态化的工作。为筛选出适合六盘水市水城区种植的高产抗病马铃薯品种,对辖区内8个马铃薯品种开展田间抗性评价试验并对其抗性及产量进行初步评价。结果表明,参试的8个品种中青薯9号、黔芋8号、凉薯14号对马铃薯晚疫病表现为抗病,云薯505对马铃薯晚疫病表现为中抗,威芋5号、希森6号对马铃薯晚疫病表现为中感,米拉、费乌瑞它对马铃薯晚疫病抗性差,均表现为高感。经全田测产,参试的8个品种平均产量依次为：黔芋8号>青薯9号>希森6号>费乌瑞它>威芋5号>云薯505>凉薯14号>米拉。     

不同马铃薯品种在不同生态条件下对晚疫病的田间抗性评价

通过在毕节、遵义、黔南和黔东南不同生态条件马铃薯种植区,开展马铃薯品种对晚疫病的抗性评价试验,对参加试验的12个品种的抗性及产量进行初步评价.试验表明,参加试验的品种抗性综合评价多为感病至高感,其中高感的有4个,即费乌瑞它、滇黔薯6号、冀张薯8号、米拉,占参试品种的三分之一,其他品种在不同生态位存在一定差异.参加试验的品种平均产量由高到低为：冀张薯8号、BP03-005、V04-31-12、BPHF101、费乌瑞它、滇黔薯6号、2020-4-5、米拉、Z-30、威薯002、2020-4-9、Z-24.     

雷山县"稻田免耕、稻草覆盖"脱毒马铃薯品比试验初探

采用“稻田免耕、稻草覆盖”栽培技术和随机区组试验方法，对脱毒种薯“中薯5号”、“津八”、“坝薯10号”、“费乌瑞它”与本地品种进行了品比试验。结果表明：脱毒马铃薯良种长势、产量等都明显优于本地品种(米拉)。     

日光温室春茬马铃薯品种引进与筛选试验

为了筛选出适宜在赤峰地区温室种植的马铃薯品种,2016年引进7个马铃薯新品种,并在赤峰市农牧科学研究院温室内进行种植比较试验。试验结果表明,不同品种的脱毒马铃薯表现有显著差异,以费乌瑞它的生育期最短,为73 d,尤佳46的生育期最长,为84 d。内薯1号对早晚疫病抗性较强,不同品种的产量也存在明显的差异,以大西洋产量最高,其次是荷兰15、尤佳66、兴佳2号、内薯1号、尤佳46,产量最低的是费乌瑞它。表明大西洋、荷兰15可在赤峰地区日光温室内推广栽培。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.