牛不同直径卵泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率和染色体异常分析

将不同直径牛卵泡内卵母细胞体外成熟培养22h后，对其体外受精后的卵裂率，胚胎发育速度和胚胎染色体异常发生率进行了研究。结果表明，体外受精后48h，直径3－6mm卵泡内卵母细胞外受精后的卵裂率明显高于直径1－2mm和7－10mm卵泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率（P＜0．05）。体外受精后48h，直径3－6mm包泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的胚胎的发育速度明显快于直径1－2mm和7－10mm卵泡组胚胎（P＜0．05）。通过对不同卵裂期胚胎的染色体标本分析表明，直径1－2mm卵泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的胚胎染色体异常发生率明显高于直径3－6mm卵泡组（P＜0．05），但与直径7－10mm卵泡组之间无显著性差异。     

牛卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

研究了卵泡大小、卵泡液和卵丘细胞对牛卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。结果表明 :直径 2～ 6mm卵泡中的卵母细胞成熟率 ( 72 1%)最高 ,与直径小于 2mm( 5 8 4%)、6～ 8mm( 5 6 4%)及大于 8mm ( 3 5 0 %)卵泡中的卵母细胞组差异显著 ;成熟培养基中添加 10 %的新鲜牛卵泡液 (bFF)对牛卵母细胞的体外成熟有促进作用 ,但高浓度的bFF( 2 0 %、3 0 %)则抑制牛卵母细胞的体外成熟 ;卵丘 -卵母细胞复合体的质量影响卵母细胞的体外成熟 ,A、B、C三级卵母细胞成熟率分别为 86 1%、66 3 %、3 5 6%,卵裂率分别为 42 8%、3 1 9%、10 5 %,差异均显著 (P <0 0 5 )。     

绵羊体外受精技术条件优化的研究

探讨了卵泡液、受精时间和季节对绵羊卵母细胞体外培养效果的影响。从屠宰场采集羊卵巢,抽取卵巢表面2mm-6mm的卵泡卵母细胞,进行体外成熟培养;卵母细胞成熟后,与处理后的精子共同培养进行受精。结果表明,在卵母细胞成熟培养液中添加绵羊卵泡液（SFF）组的卵裂率和囊胚发育率均优于添加同等浓度的牛卵泡液（BFF）组;受精22、18、12h组的卵裂率分别为64.85%、54.39%、48.72%,受精22h和18h组间差异显著（P〈0.05）,受精22h组和12h组间差异极显著（P〈0.01）。秋季绵羊体外受精的卵裂率和囊胚率均高于夏季,差异显著（P〈0.05）,但秋季与春季相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）。因此,进行绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟培养时,培养液中添加SFF;受精时,精卵共培养时间为22h的效果较好。在绵羊的繁殖季节秋季进行体外受精较春季和夏季的结果好。     

卵泡数量对陕北白绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟与孤雌发育的影响

为了进一步探索陕北白绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的方法,试验以屠宰场陕北绒山羊卵巢为材料,采用抽吸法收集直径大于2 mm卵泡的卵母细胞,研究卵泡数量对卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌发育的影响。根据卵泡数目的差异分为3组,其中卵泡数目大于15个的设为Ⅰ组,卵泡数目在8~14个之间的和卵泡数目在1~7个之间的分别设为Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组。对山羊卵母细胞及孤雌激活后胚胎进行体外培养后,进而根据山羊卵母细胞体外成熟率、孤雌激活胚卵裂率和囊胚发育率来分析卵泡数量对其发育的影响。结果显示卵泡数目在8~14个之间的Ⅱ组山羊卵母细胞体外成熟率显著高于其他两组(P0.05),而这3组间的卵裂率和囊胚率差异不显著(P0.05)。表明山羊卵泡数目的过多或过少降低了卵母细胞体外成熟效率,且对孤雌激活胚的发育能力无影响。     

不同浓度CO2对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和受精的影响

对牛卵巢卵泡内卵母细胞在不同浓度的CO2培养箱内体外成熟、体外受精后的卵裂率及胚胎体外发育进行了研究。结果显示,含5%小牛血清(CS)的TCM-199内的卵母细胞在2%CO2条件下培养20h后,达到第二次减数分裂期(MⅡ期)的卵子数明显高于在5%CO2条件下培养的卵母细胞数(P<0.05)。两种浓度的CO2条件下培养的牛卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率无明显差异,2%CO2浓度下培养的卵母细胞的囊胚发育率高于5%CO2浓度下培养的卵母细胞。     

LIF对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精效果的影响

卵母细胞的体外成熟、体外受精(IVM/IVF)技术广泛应用于发育生物学的研究, 如受精后早期胚胎的营养积累、早期基因表达调控、减数分裂能力的获得等, 也可以用于畜牧生产中优良种群的扩群.影响卵母细胞体外成熟与卵裂的因素众多,卵母细胞的体外成熟率通常为40%～80%,优化培养条件是提高体外培养卵母细胞成熟与卵裂的关键,大量的研究是通过在培养液中添加细胞因子来促进卵母细胞成熟与卵裂[1].本文通过不同浓度LIF对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精的观察,对其体外成熟率、体外受精率进行比较, 从而为提高哺乳动物卵母细胞的体外成熟、体外受精效果提供参考依据.     

肉羊体外胚胎高效生产技术的优化研究

为了探讨放线菌酮(CHX)对卵母细胞预成熟的影响及囊胚滋养层细胞囊泡(TVS)、维生素C对肉羊体外胚胎质量的影响,试验采用从屠宰厂(场)收集的肉羊卵巢,抽取卵巢表面2~8 mm的卵泡卵母细胞进行体外成熟、体外受精和早期胚胎体外培养。结果表明:经过5%CHX预成熟的卵母细胞卵裂率、桑葚胚率、囊胚率显著高于对照组(P0.05);在体外受精及早期胚胎培养液(SOFaa)中添加1%维生素C组与TVS共培养组的卵裂率和囊胚发育率均高于其他试验组(P0.05);体外胚胎与TVS共移植受胎率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。说明核质同期成熟处理及抗氧化剂可以用于高效生产体外胚胎。     

卵泡大小对牛卵母细胞体外成熟影响的研究

研究了牛不同大小卵泡 ( 2～ 4mm、 4～ 6mm、 6～ 8mm、 >8mm )中的卵母细胞的体外成熟及随后的发育能力。直径 2～ 4mm、 4～ 6mm、 6～ 8mm组的体外成熟率 ( 6 0 8% ,6 5% ,6 1 7% )显著高于直径 >8mm组 ( 35 1 % ) ;体外受精后的发育能力在 2～ 4mm、 4～ 6mm组显著优于 6～ 8mm、 >8mm组     

不同周龄酉州乌羊幼羔超排及卵母细胞体外发育研究

选择4~8、8~12、12~16周龄羔羊进行超排处理,研究羔羊卵巢与卵泡的发育情况、卵母细胞活体采集效果及其体外发育能力。结果表明:羔羊超排处理后卵巢大小随着周龄的增加明显下降;4~8周龄组可用卵泡数、回收卵母细胞数极显著高于8~12周龄组和12~16周龄组(P0.01),但卵母细胞的回收率随着周龄的增加而升高;12~16周龄的A、B级卵母细胞所占比率较高,A、B级与C级卵母细胞的成熟率差异极显著(P0.01);对成熟卵母细胞进行体外受精,C级卵母细胞卵裂率显著低于A级与B级卵母细胞(P0.05);酉州乌羊幼羔体外胚胎移植妊娠率为27.03%,生产羔羊14只。结果提示,4~8周龄酉州乌羊羔羊超排效果优于8~12、12~16周龄段羔羊,活体采集的羔羊卵母细胞可经体外成熟、体外受精和胚胎移植获得后代。     

辽宁绒山羊羔羊体外胚胎生产技术的研究

以4~8周龄的辽宁绒山羊母羔为研究对象,研究不同年龄阶段羔羊卵泡发育数量和发育质量的变化,同时还比较了不同基础液作为受精液对体外受精和早期卵裂的影响,并尝试研究了在早期胚胎的发育培养液中添加EDTA的效果。结果表明:6~8周龄母羔的卵母细胞体外成熟率和受精率均显著高于4~6周龄母羔;利用SOF液作为受精体系的基础液时体外受精的效果更好,卵裂率达42.47%;在早期胚胎的发育液中添加10μmol/L EDTA可有效提高16细胞以上的胚胎数。     

山羊卵巢无腔卵泡卵母细胞的体外生长

山羊卵巢无腔卵泡卵母细胞在以ＤＭＥＭ为基础,添加ＨＥＰＥＳ（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、ＦＣＳ（１０％）、ＦＳＨ（４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）、次黄嘌呤（２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、异双丁酰环腺苷酸（２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、ＩＧＦ－Ｉ（５０μｇ／Ｌ）、氢化可的松（４０μｇ／Ｌ）和ＩＴＳ（５０μｇ／Ｌ）的培养液中得以存活并生长。在二维培养体系中,卵泡在体外的生长模式和体内有很大差别。最显著的特征是卵泡不像在体内那样保持完整的立体结构一直到结束。绝大部分卵泡不同程度地发生基膜溶解和破裂,颗粒细胞向四周扩展并贴壁,形成单层。由于卵泡原有三维立体结构的破坏,易于导致卵母细胞的迁移。在生长方式上以数个卵泡聚集生长对其卵母细胞的生长似乎较为有利。卵泡卵母细胞在体外培养９ｄ,其直径可达１５０μｍ以上,达到了成熟时体积,存活率为５３％。实验证明,山羊无腔卵泡卵母细胞在合适的培养体系中,能在体外存活并生长,并能发育到成熟时的大小。     

绵羊卵母细胞超低温冷冻对四跨膜蛋白CD9表达的影响

试验旨在探讨不同发育时期卵泡上四跨膜蛋白CD9的表达,以及体外成熟和超低温冷冻对绵羊卵母细胞CD9的影响。采用免疫组织化学技术检测CD9蛋白在卵泡上的表达部位,实时荧光定量PCR技术检测CD9 mRNA的表达量,Western blotting技术检测CD9蛋白的含量。免疫组织化学结果发现,在绵羊原始卵泡上就开始检测到CD9荧光信号,且随着卵泡的成熟荧光信号逐渐增强,成熟卵泡时荧光信号达到最强;实时荧光定量PCR检测新鲜MⅡ期卵母细胞中CD9 mRNA的表达量显著增高（P<0.05）,冷冻GV期卵母细胞CD9 mRNA的表达量最少;Western blotting检测得出新鲜MⅡ期卵母细胞中CD9蛋白表达最多,冷冻GV期卵母细胞上表达最少,与实时荧光定量PCR结果一致。卵母细胞的冷冻保存要比胚胎保存应用前景广泛,而四跨膜蛋白CD9在精卵融合中更有着重要的作用,以上结果均显示,冷冻保存降低卵母细胞四跨膜蛋白CD9含量,而CD9的损伤是受精率下降的重要原因之一。     

Effect of Cryopreservation on the Expression of Tetraspanin CD9 in Sheep Oocytes

The experiment was aimed to explore the expression of CD9 in the follicles at different developmental stages, and investigate the effect of in vitro maturation and cryopreservation on CD9. The expression of CD9 protein in the follicle was detected by immunohistochemistry technique, the expression of CD9 mRNA was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR, CD9 protein was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that the CD9 fluorescence signal was detected by immunohistochemistry technique, and the fluorescence signal gradually increased with the maturation of the follicle, and fluorescence signal was the strongest in mature follicle;Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of CD9 mRNA in fresh MⅡ oocytes was significantly increase (P<0.05), and was the least in frozen GV oocytes;The result of Western blotting indicated that CD9 protein was the most in fresh MⅡ oocytes and the expression of frozen GV oocytes was the least, consistent with the results of Real-time quantitative PCR. Cryopreservation of oocytes was more extensive than embryo cryopreservation. Tetraspanins CD9 played a very important role in sperm egg fusion. The above experimental results showed that the cryopreservation made damage to oocytes, decrease content of tetraspanins CD9 protein, and CD9 injury was one of the important reasons for the decline of fertilization rate.     

培养介质、卵丘细胞和卵泡直径对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

A类卵母细胞在mTCM 199、NCSU2 3和NCSU37体系中培养 4 4～ 5 2小时后 ,成熟率分别为 76 .1%、78.1%和 6 5 .2 %。前两者差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但显著高于后者 (P <0 .0 5 )。卵母细胞在添加eCG和hCG的NCSU2 3体系中的成熟率 (75 .6 % )明显高于添加FSH的LH和成熟率 (6 5 .2 % ) (P <0 .0 5 )。A、B、C三类卵母细胞在NCSU2 3的成熟率分别为 73.3%、6 0 .4 %和 11.0 % ,三者间差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。大 (ф >6mm)、中 (ф =3～ 6mm)和小 (ф <3mm)三种卵泡中的卵母细胞在NCSU2 3中培养后 ,成熟率分别为 5 6 .2 % ,78.1%和 5 1.9% ,中等卵泡中卵母胞的体外成熟率显著高于其他两组 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

共培养体系对哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟影响的研究进展

卵母细胞体外成熟是进行体外胚胎生产的关键环节,但目前哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟培养存在成熟率低、受精率低和胚胎质量差等问题。卵母细胞体外成熟培养体系是制约卵母细胞体外成熟效果的重要因素,共培养体系可提高哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟效率。本文主要从卵母细胞成熟与卵泡细胞共培养、与裸卵共培养和与间充质干细胞共培养3个方面综述共培养体系对哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,为共培养体系应用于卵母细胞体外成熟提供理论依据和研究借鉴。     

The effect of ovarian status and follicular diameter on maturational ability of domestic cat oocytes

The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of ovarian status and follicular size on morphological normality and maturational ability of cat oocytes. Ovarian status was classified into inactive, follicular, luteal and prepubertal, and follicles were classified into three groups according to their diameter (400-800, 800-1200 and 1200-2000 μm). In each ovarian status, the number of follicles decreased but the percentage of morphologically normal oocytes increased with the growth of follicles (p<0.05). Only a single follicle that was 1200-2000 μm in diameter was observed in two of the five prepubertal cats. In follicles that were 800-1200 μm in diameter, the percentage of normal oocytes and maturation rate were higher in prepubertal cats than in mature cats (p<0.05). Oocyte diameter tended to increase with the growth of follicles. After oocytes were cultured individually in droplets of maturation medium, the oocyte maturation rate increased with the growth of follicles in each ovarian status (p<0.05). In conclusion, oocytes collected from larger follicles possess higher maturational ability in vitro in sexually mature cats. In prepubertal cats, a higher maturation rate can be obtained from oocytes derived from small follicles compared with in mature cats.     

不同收集方法及添加半胱氨酸、肝素钠对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及发育的影响

试验旨在研究不同卵母细胞收集方法及添加半胱氨酸、肝素钠对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及体外受精的影响。以黄牛为研究对象,采用两种方法（抽卵法和割卵法）抽取卵泡中的卵母细胞,比较两种方法获取的卵母细胞成熟率,结果发现,抽卵法获得的卵母细胞成熟率显著高于割卵法（P<0.05）。将获取的卵母细胞分为4组：A组（对照组,只添加基础成熟培养液）、B组（基础成熟培养液+200 μmol/L半胱氨酸）、C组（基础成熟培养液+20 μg/mL肝素钠）、D组（基础成熟培养液+200 μmol/L半胱氨酸+20 μg/mL肝素钠）,结果发现,D组的卵母细胞成熟率显著高于A、B、C组（P<0.05）,B、C组间卵母细胞成熟率无显著差异（P>0.05）,但两组卵母细胞成熟率均显著高于A组（P<0.05）;A组卵母细胞卵裂率均显著低于B、C、D组（P<0.05）,B、C、D组间卵母细胞卵裂率无显著差异（P>0.05）;D组囊胚率显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。结果表明,抽卵法获得卵母细胞效率显著高于割卵法,肝素钠及半胱氨酸对黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精都有促进作用,且同时添加两种物质对体外成熟的效果更佳。     

卵泡FSH受体mRNA的表达及其对卵母细胞体外培养成熟率的影响

本研究采用RT-PCR技术检测了猪大、中、小卵泡颗粒细胞中FSH受体(FSHR)mRNA的表达差异,比较和分析了受体表达差异及其对卵母细胞体外成熟培养的影响。结果表明大、中、小卵泡中颗粒细胞都有FSHR mRNA表达,大卵泡的颗粒细胞与小、中卵泡的颗粒细胞FSHR mRNA相对表达量有显著差异(P<0.05),中、小卵泡的颗粒细胞FSHR mRNA相对表达量之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同大小卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟培养结果表明,小卵泡与大、中卵泡比较,卵丘细胞扩展率和第一极体排出率差异显著(P<0.05)。这表明猪不同大小卵泡颗粒细胞FSHR mRNA的表达量与其卵母细胞体外培养成熟率呈相关性,进一步证实FSHR在猪卵泡及卵母细胞发育中起着重要作用。     

In vitro growth of mouse ovarian preantral follicles and the capacity of their oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage.

Two groups of mouse preantral follicles with diameters of 125-150 and 151-175 microm were cultured individually for 6 days in a medium supplemented with FSH and fetal calf serum to determine their in vitro growth characteristics. Their oocyte capacity for maturation and development to the blastocyst stage following in vitro fertilization was also assessed. Antral formation rate at the end of culture was higher in the follicles of 151-175 microm (89%) than 125-150 microm (76%). The timing of antrum formation was different between the two follicle categories: most 151-175 microm follicles formed antra earlier than 125-150 microm follicles (days 4 and 5 vs. 5 and 6). However, follicle diameters at the time of antrum formation were the same regardless of the initial size and the culture period. Maturation rates of the oocytes derived from both categories of in vitro grown follicles (70 and 62%) were not different from those of oocytes from in vivo grown follicles (74%). The in vitro derived oocytes, however, showed less cleavage (30 and 35%) than the in vivo derived oocytes (89%). Although the oocytes from both follicle categories developed to the morula stage after in vitro fertilization, blastocysts were only obtained from oocytes derived from the 151-175 microm category. These results demonstrate that an individual follicle culture system using a medium with FSH and fetal calf serum supports in vitro growth of mouse preantral follicles with diameters of 151-175 microm to the preovulatory stage, and that their oocytes have the capability to develop to the blastocyst stage.