分子标记辅助选择改良水稻恢复系香5的病虫抗性

香5是由湖北省农科院选育的优质两系杂交稻恢复系,所配组合广两优5号(广占63-4S/香5)于2013年通过了湖北省审定.利用回交和分子标记辅助选择技术,将供体亲本MD12086-1351中的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9、抗褐飞虱基因Bph14、Bph15和抗白叶枯病基因Xa23渗入到香5背景中,育成了3个同时携带Pi9、Bph14、Bph15和Xa23基因的新株系.鉴定结果表明,新株系的叶瘟抗性明显提高,穗颈瘟抗性部分提高,苗期抗褐飞虱,分蘖盛期高抗白叶枯病;产量、主要农艺性状、香味和稻米品质主要指标与香5相似.新株系所配的组合在产量、主要农艺性状上与香5所配的组合相似.表明新株系可以作为香5的替代系用于培育抗稻瘟病、抗褐飞虱和抗白叶枯病的两系杂交稻新组合.     

优质高产两系杂交中籼新组合皖稻119的选育与应用

皖稻119(原名两优6326)是宣城市农科所用自育的优质光温敏核不育系宣69S与优质中籼新品系wh26配组育成的杂交中籼新组合.该组合具有生育期适中、米质优、产量高、中抗白叶枯病等特点,2004年3月通过安徽省农作物品种审定.介绍了其选育过程、主要特征特性及栽培制种技术要点.     

超级杂交稻新组合新两优6380的选育

新两优6380系南京农业大学水稻研究所用自育恢复系D208与光温敏核不育系03S配组育成的两系杂交中籼稻新组合,2007年1月通过江苏省品种审定。该组合高产稳产,在2004—2006年江苏和国家中籼区试中,产量均居参试组合第1位,比对照极显著增产;耐纹枯病、抗褐飞虱,对稻瘟病和白叶枯病抗性较强,综合抗性突出;米质优良,达国标优质稻谷3级标准;适应性广,适宜在长江中下游稻区中上等肥水条件下作中稻种植。     

Genetics and Improvement of Bacterial Blight Resistance of Hybrid Rice in China

Since 1980s,rice breeding for resistance to bacterial blight has been rapidly progressing in China. The gene Xa4 was mainly used in three-line indica hybrid and two-line hybrid rice. The disease has been ‘quiet’ for 20 years in China,yet in recent years it has gradually emerged and been prevalent in fields planted with newly released rice varieties in the Changjiang River valley. Under the circumstances,scientists inevitably raised several questions:what causes the resurgence and what should we do next? And...     

Introgression of Gene for Non-Pollen Type Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility to Thai Rice Cultivars

For the two-line hybrid rice system, pol en sterility is regulated by recessive gene that responds to temperature. The recessive gene controlling thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility （TGMS） is expressed when the plants are grown in conditions with higher or lower critical temperatures. To transfer tgms gene（s） control ing TGMS to Thai rice cultivars by backcross breeding method, a male sterile line was used as a donor parent while Thai rice cultivars ChaiNat 1, PathumThani 1, and SuphanBuri 1 were used as recurrent parents. The BC2F2 lines were developed from backcrossing and selfing. Moreover, the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were developed for identifying tgms gene and the linked marker was used for assisting selection in backcrossing. The identification lines were confirmed by pol en observation. The results showed the success of introgression of the tgms gene into Thai rice cultivars. These lines will be tested for combining ability and used as female parent in hybrid rice production in Thailand.     

利用分子标记辅助选择改良温敏核不育系GD-8S的稻瘟病抗性

以含有广谱稻瘟病抗性基因Pi 1的籼稻材料BL122为供体,优质感病温敏核不育系GD 8S为受体,通过杂交、多次回交和自交结合分子标记辅助选择技术,将Pi 1基因导入GD 8S中。综合目标基因的分子检测、育性镜检、田间农艺性状表现以及遗传背景的回复率,筛选获得5个改良株系RGD8S 1、RGD8S 2、RGD8S 3、RGD8S 4和RGD8S 5。采用广东省具有代表性的33个菌株进行人工接种抗性鉴定,5个改良株系的抗性频率为75.76%~100.00%,而对照仅为9.09%。农艺性状分析表明,除剑叶长和每株穗数外,其余性状改良株系与对照无显著差异。这些改良株系可用于进一步测配选育高抗稻瘟病杂交稻新组合。     

实用籼型水稻温敏核不育系种质创制进展及未来主攻方向

不育系是杂交水稻的“芯片”,不论三系法还是两系法,品种的不断突破都取决于不育系种质的发现与持续创新。自水稻光敏核不育种质农垦58S被发现以来,水稻两系法杂种优势利用研究已历经50年,目前两系法杂交水稻已占据我国杂交水稻半壁江山。作者通过总结我国水稻光温敏两用核不育系选育历程、取得的主要成就,以及作者团队在制种安全实用籼型水稻温敏两用核不育系创制方面取得的一系列进展,提出未来实用型水稻两用核不育系育种的主攻方向。     

Transfer of Lysozyme Gene into indica Parents of Hybrid Rice by Backcrossing

Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara), one of the major fungal diseases in rice fields all over the world, is induced by the ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr [Anamorph: Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc.] [1]. According to the statistic…     

采用分子标记技术育成优质抗病杂交稻新组合中优218

中优218是用中国水稻研究所采用分子标记辅助育种技术培育的含白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21的恢复系中恢218,与印水型高异交率优质不育系中9A组配出的中晚兼用型杂交稻新组合.该组合连续多年参加国家南方稻区区试、江西省区试和各地的试种示范,表现高产稳产,米质优,抗至中抗稻瘟病,抗白叶枯病,适应性广,制种产量高,于2003年3月通过江西省品种审定.     

利用分子标记辅助育种技术育成优质高产抗病杂交稻国稻1号

国稻1号是中国水稻研究所利用分子标记辅助选择育种技术育成带有抗白叶枯病基因Xa21的恢复系中恢8006,再与印水型胞质不育系中9A组配的中晚兼用杂交稻新组合.该组合参加国家南方稻区区试、江西省区试和各地试种示范,表现高产稳产、米质优(国标3级)、抗性强(抗稻瘟病,中抗白叶枯病)、适应性广、易于制种等特点.于2004年3月通过江西省品种审定,2004年10月通过国家审定.     

高产多抗两系杂交早稻株两优83的选育与应用

株两优83是湘潭市农科所用广亲和低温敏两用核不育系株1S为母本，以新育成的高产多抗广亲和品系潭早183为父本选配出的两系杂交早稻新组合。该组合具有苗期耐寒力强、中抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病、抗褐飞虱和白背飞虱、生育期适中、高产稳产性好等特性。2002年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定。     

优质抗病不育系盐粳5号A的选育

盐粳5号A是盐都县农科所用盐粳5号与六千辛A杂交转育而成的优质抗病不育系，2001年10月通过江苏省品种审委会技术鉴定，2002年2月通过江苏省品种审定。利用其与恢复系盐93005配制的杂交粳稻新组合盐优1号杂种优势明显，高抗稻瘟病，于2002年2月通过江苏省品种审定。     

Molecular Breeding for Rainfed Lowland Rice in the Mekong Region

Abstract

In the past 20 years, the rice-breeding program in Thailand had little success in developing new cultivars to replace Kao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) and Kao Khor 6 (RD6) for the rainfed lowland rice environments. The main reason for the poor adoption of new cultivars by farmers is the susceptibility to diseases and unacceptable grain qualities. The conventional breeding program also takes at least 15 years from initial crossing to the release of new cultivars. A new breeding strategy can be established to shorten the period for cultivar improvement by using marker-assisted selection (MAS), rapid generations advance (RGA), and early generation testing in multi-locations for grain yield and qualities. Four generation of MAS backcross breeding were conducted to transfer genes and QTL for bacterial blight resistance (BLB), submergence tolerance (SUB), brown plant hopper resistance (BPH) and blast resistance (BL) into KDML105. Selected backcross lines, introgressed with target gene/QTL, were tolerant to SUB and resistant to BLB, BPH and BL. The agronomic performance and grain quality of these lines were as good as or better than KDML105.     

两系杂交水稻新组合培两优288的选育

培两优 2 88是湖南农业大学用本校选育的优良父本品系 2 88与湖南杂交水稻研究中心选育的培矮 64S配制而成的两系杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有产量高、米质优、抗寒、抗倒、较抗病虫、制种产量较高等特点。1996年 2月通过了湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定     

浙江新育成的杂交粳稻与常规粳稻主要性状比较

通过对浙江省2001—2003年区域试验中杂交粳稻与常规粳稻主要性状的比较分析,认为杂交粳稻特别是单季杂交粳稻的产量优势明显,有较大的增产潜力。杂交粳稻主要表现植株高大、穗大粒多、千粒重大,但存在生育期稍长、有效穗偏少、成穗率和结实率偏低等问题,这些特点在单季杂交粳稻上表现更为明显。双季杂交粳稻的稻瘟病抗性、褐稻虱抗性和外观品质不及常规粳稻,白叶枯病抗性与常规粳稻相仿;单季杂交粳稻的稻瘟病抗性和白叶枯病抗性差于常规粳稻,褐稻虱抗性与常规粳稻相当,但外观品质略优于常规粳稻。在其它品质性状上,杂交粳稻与常规粳稻差异不明显。     

Y两优5867在尤溪县作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

Y两优5867系用Y58S与恢复系R674配组而成的两系高产优质杂交稻新品种。2019年引进Y两优5867在尤溪县新阳镇龙益村作烟后稻示范片种植,田间表现米质优,高产稳产,抗病性强,熟期适中,群体结构合理,穗大粒多,较抗叶穗瘟、细条病,后期转色好。适宜在新阳镇低海拔稻区作烟后稻、连作晚稻种植。介绍Y两优5867在新阳镇作烟后稻示范片种植的特征特性及高产栽培技术。     

转溶菌酶基因水稻回交转育籼型杂交稻亲本

以抗稻瘟病的粳稻中花9号转溶菌酶基因材料D2 1 2与籼型杂交稻两优培九的恢复系9311及不育系培矮64S、汕优63的恢复系明恢63分别杂交和多代回交,进行外源溶菌酶基因的转育。对获得的转育回交后代B39311、B3MH63、B2PA64S和回交自交后代B2F29311、B2F2MH63、B1F2PA64S进行了PCR分析,表明外源基因在回交后代中呈1∶1分离,而在回交的自交后代中呈3∶1分离,证明外源溶菌酶基因是以单拷贝稳定传递给后代的。2003年和2004年对转育后代和测交组合进行了稻瘟病抗性调查,结果表明,转育后代抗性与轮回亲本相比、测交组合抗性与对应杂交稻组合相比都有了较大提高。随着转育回交世代的增加,抗性增强得越明显。研究表明通过回交转育方法将外源溶菌酶基因导入杂交稻亲本是选育抗稻瘟病杂交稻新组合的一条简便有效的途径。     

两系全香型优质杂交粳稻粳两优5975的选育及应用

以香型粳稻光温敏不育系0259S为母本,与香型粳稻父本gr75测交,育成了全香型两系杂交晚粳稻新组合粳两优5975.该组合在2006-2007年湖北省晚稻区试中,2 a平均单产7.30 t/hm<'2>,比对照鄂粳杂1号增产5.16%;稻米品质达国标1级优质稻谷标准;耐肥抗倒性较强,抗寒性好,于2010年3月通过湖北省品种审定.     

Improving Blast Resistance of a Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line GD-8S by Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi-1, from donor line BL122, was introduced into a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line GD-8S, which possessed good grain quality but high susceptibility to rice blast, by using backcross breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection. Five elite improved male sterile lines, RGD8S-1, RGD8S-2, RGD8S-3, RGD8S-4 and RGD8S-5, were selected based on the results of molecular marker analysis, spikelet sterility, recovery rate of genetic background and agronomic traits. Thirty-three representative blast isolates collected from Guangdong Province,China were used to inoculate the improved lines and the original line GD-8S artificially. The resistance frequencies of the improved lines ranged from 76.47% to 100%, much higher than that of the original line GD-8S (9.09%). On the agronomic characters, there were no significant differences between the improved lines and GD-8S except for flag leaf length and panicle number per plant. The improved lines could be used for breeding hybrid rice with high blast resistance.     

高产两系杂交水稻新组合孟两优838的选育与应用

孟两优838是用孟S与辐恢838配组育成的两系杂交水稻新组合,属早熟感温型品种,表现出高产、米质较优、抗寒力强、抗倒伏力强等特点,于2010年通过广西品种审定。