浅谈往复式切割器的修理调整和使用

切割器是收割机的重要工作部件。据调查,收割机一部分故障,就发生在切割器上,因此,切割器的性能好坏,对收割机工作质量有很大影响。为使切割器工作时能适应密植的谷物顺利的进行切割,不产生堵刀、漏割及刀片负荷过重,应对切割器进行正确的修理、调整和使用。 切割器是由作往复运动的割刀、装有定刀片的护刃器、压刃器和护刃器梁等组成。割刀相对护刃器作往复运动,并与机器一起前进。因此,动、定     

甘蔗收割机前进速度与切割器转速的匹配

甘蔗收割机的前进速度与根部切割器转速的匹配是确保收割机工作效率和切割质量的先决条件,同时也是确定甘蔗收割机各执行机构工作参数及其动力传动系统设计的重要理论依据之一。以华南农业大学自主研制的4ZZX-48型整秆式甘蔗收割机为研究对象,根据甘蔗的切割机理、圆盘切割器不漏割的条件和避免多刀切割的条件,分析收割机在收获过程中前进速度与切割器转速的相互匹配关系,并对甘蔗收割机的具体结构参数进行了计算和大田观察试验验证。结果表明:在保证根茬切割面质量(切割器转速大于500r/min)的条件下,收割机前进速度较快时,切割器的转速也应相应地较快,才能避免或减少多刀切割和漏割现象。     

4GG-170型高速收割机的试验分析

为提高收割机单位割幅的生产率,减少割台因往复惯性力引起的振动,研制了一种装有齿形链式切割器的高速收割机,阐述了该机的总体结构及工作过程,分析了主要技术参数,试验表明：该机的切割速度可达7.5 m/s,作业速度可达13.1 km/h,单位割幅的生产率是往复式切割器收割机的1.5倍,作业性能稳定,生产性能可靠,是一种高速高效收割机械.     

浅谈往复式切割器的修理调整和使用

切割器是收割机的重要工作部件。据调查,收割机一部分故障,就发生在切割器上,因此,切割器的性能好坏,对收割机工作质量有很大影响。为使切割器工作时能适应密植的谷物顺利的进行切割,不产生堵刀、漏割及刀片负荷过重,应对切割器进行正确的修理、调整和使用。 切割器是由作往复运动的割刀、装有定刀片的护刃器、压刃器和护刃器梁等组成。割刀相对护刃器作往复运动,并与机器一起前进。因此,动、定刀片形成切割副,定刀片是切割时的固定支承,它在切割时与剪刀道理相同,必须使刀片相互保证有正确间隙,才可使切割整齐,所以采用压刃器来实现这一要求。下面将切割器各主要部件在使用中应注意的问题叙述如下:     

联合收割机拨禾轮的正确调整与故障排除

拨禾轮是联合收割机上的重要工作部件，其工作性能的好坏，对收割机能否顺利作业有着重要作用。拨禾轮的功能：一是将作物引向切割器：二是切割器切割作物时，由前方扶持茎杆，支撑切割：三是在茎杆被切割以后，将茎杆及时推向割台输送搅龙．并及时清理切割器上的作物，以利继续切割。     

收割机的新刀具——循环式切割器

收割机的切割器有圆盘式切割器和往复式切剖器，笔者又为收割机研发了一种新型切割刀具——循环式切割器。     

模态综合法和ANSYS在甘蔗收割机切割系统上的应用

划分小型甘蔗收割机主子结构,建立了子结构的运动方程并进行子结构的模态分析;综合主子结构与刀盘结构,建立了广义坐标下的整体系统动力学模型.同时,基于此模型对甘蔗收割机切割器进行了模态分析,讨论利用ANSYS在改善系统动态性能和优化结构上的可行性,从而达到快速求解、提高切割器动态性能的目的.     

甘蔗收割机切割器支架动态特性虚拟实验研究

小型甘蔗联合收割机切割器支架作为基础性的部件,其固有特性和动态响应对收割机的收割效果影响较大。为此,建立小型甘蔗收割机四连杆和三角形两种切割器支架结构的虚拟样机模型,在虚拟样机环境下用ADAMS/Vibration模块对其进行固有特性和动态响应两方面的分析。研究发现:后者的前3阶振型频率分别比前者高出215.2%、67.8%、17.4%;在动态响应分析中,四连杆切割器支架幅频响应曲线在收割机切割器和发动机的振动频率范围内出现共振峰,而三角切割器支架幅频响应曲线的共振峰值则成功地避开了切割器和发动机的振动频率范围。由此表明:三角切割器支架结构比四连杆切割器支架结构动态刚度要高,在制造收割机切割器支架时应该尽量采用三角结构。     

小型收割机切割器可靠性测试平台研究

切割器作为小型收割机大概率故障的作业部件,其传统可靠性测试方式受作业季节、田间地形及多变负载等因素的影响,致使其测试周期长且测试数据收集难度大,给后续切割器改良设计及小型收割机整机优化设计造成很大的困难。基于此,创新性地提出一种螺旋绞龙式供料系统,结合模拟田间地形差异(含收获机械自身振动)的振动台及为不同切割器驱动的动力输出装置,构建实验室条件下的小型收割机切割器可靠性测试实物仿真实验平台。选取小型收割机(型号:1WG6.3-110FC-Z)的切割器为被测对象,将其在平台上进行24 h连续测试,测试结果表明:测试样机其有效度达95.62%。尽管模拟可靠性测试时间较短,但仍在测试过程中,暴露了收割机的某些故障,这些故障均符合JB/T 6287规定的切割器故障描述,因此,该小型收割机切割器可靠性测试平台能够在一定程度上模拟切割器田间作业的相关条件,能够在某些情况下替代切割器的田间现场可靠性测试。     

收割机切割器中的常见问题及维护措施

文章首先主要对收割机切割器常见的故障进行分析,然后提出对应的预防措施,最后对收割机切割器提出合理有效的日常防护保养的方法。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.