临桂县秋冬稻草覆盖免耕栽培马铃薯适宜播期探索

秋冬稻草覆盖免耕栽培马铃薯在广西北部地区容易遭受霜冻、冰冻。为此，2006-2007年笔者在临桂五通镇茶场对稻草覆盖免耕栽培马铃薯实施了不同播期的试验，为指导秋冬种植马铃薯的适宜播期提供了依据，现将情况总结如下。     

马铃薯免耕栽培技术

近年来，我们在马铃薯栽培中，改变了传统的耕作方法，采用田地不翻耕，播种不覆土，增温不覆膜，采收不用挖的免耕栽培。实践表明，马铃薯免耕栽培，既可省工节本，又可利用废物改土培肥，取得较好的经济效益和生态效益。     

广西积极推广果园套种马铃薯

3月27日．广西壮族自治区农业厅在桂林市召开全区春季马铃薯免耕栽培与果园套种现场观摩会，来自广西各地农业、水果部门的负责人、科研院校专家和技术人员近200人参加了会议。参会人员考察了桂林市雁山区果园套种和永福县马铃薯免耕栽培示范点。     

马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培不同播种密度对产量的影响

在同等的栽培条件下,通过不同的栽培密度,探索马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培的种植密度与产量的关系.试验结果表明,免耕马铃薯产量与栽培密度不成正比,紫花白马铃薯以每1 hm2栽培9万株产量最高,效益最好.     

马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培不同播种密度对产量的影响

在同等的栽培条件下,通过不同的栽培密度,探索马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培的种植密度与产量的关系。试验结果表明,免耕马铃薯产量与栽培密度不成正比,紫花白马铃薯以每1hm2栽培9万株产量最高,效益最好。     

桑枝还田桑园间套马铃薯免耕种植技术

<正>在冬闲桑园中,利用桑枝粉覆盖免耕栽培马铃薯,在桑园行间按一定的规格摆放种薯,施用肥料,然后覆盖桑枝粉。收获时把桑枝粉掀开,直接在泥地上轻松捡收马铃薯,不仅降低了劳动强度,而且马铃薯表面光滑无损,商品率大大提高,达到了变废为宝、增产增收的目的。     

蓝田县山区马铃薯“3414”施肥效果的研究

在实施测土配方施肥项目中,通过＂3414＂田间试验,研究了氮、磷、钾合理配方施肥对马铃薯产量的影响,获得了马铃薯最佳施肥量和施肥比例,建立了马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥料的三元二次方程,提出了取得马铃薯最高产量和最大效益的施肥量,为建立马铃薯科学配方施肥提供依据。     

蓝田县山区马铃薯"3414"施肥效果的研究

在实施测土配方施肥项目中,通过"3414"田间试验,研究了氮、磷、钾合理配方施肥对马铃薯产量的影响,获得了马铃薯最佳施肥量和施肥比例,建立了马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥料的三元二次方程,提出了取得马铃薯最高产量和最大效益的施肥量,为建立马铃薯科学配方施肥提供依据.     

马铃薯早春露地高产栽培技术

马铃薯早春露地高产栽培主要采用了机械一体化种植技术,通过该项技术的应用,减少了人力、肥料的投入,达到了精准施肥、减量增效的目的,提高了种植效益。     

大蒜间作马铃薯免耕测土配方施肥栽培技术

合浦县处于桂南地区，冬季气候温暖无明显霜冻，是冬种蔬菜南菜北运的基地。因此，在收完晚稻后利用冬春3个月的冬闲田种植蔬菜，于春节前后供应上市，经济效益高，可谓“一年之计在于秋冬”。这已成为我县农业增效、农民增收的又一途径。其中利用冬闲田免耕稻草覆盖并结合测土配方施肥栽培马铃薯，马铃薯与大蒜间作，可抑制马铃薯晚疫病的蔓延；又是充分利用稻草科学还田，不需使用农药治虫防病，无污染开发冬闲田的有效途径，具有很好的推广应用价值。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量