SLA-DRB基因多态性与仔猪腹泻的关联性研究进展

仔猪腹泻是一种以新生和幼龄仔猪为主的肠道感染病,造成腹泻的病因包括病原菌、饲养和遗传因素。猪白细胞抗原(Swine leukocyte antigen,SLA)是猪主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因的编码产物,作为动物抗病力的遗传标记,在选择抗病性猪种方面具有重要的辅助性。DR和DQ亚区是SLAⅡ类基因中遗传多态性最为丰富的区域,在控制机体的免疫应答与调节中发挥着重要作用,与猪的抗病能力密切相关。国内大量研究均显示SLA-DRB基因与仔猪腹泻的发病密切相关,本文主要论述SLA-DRB基因多态性与仔猪腹泻的关联性研究进展。     

甘肃合作猪白细胞抗原经典Ⅱ类分子DR基因克隆及生物信息学分析

为了克隆甘肃合作猪白细胞抗原(SLA)DRA和DRB基因,分析SLA-DR基因特性和抗原多态性,首次研究了甘肃合作猪在异种移植等研究领域中的应用前景.应用RT-PCR分别扩增合作猪SLA-DRA和SLA-DRB基因并进行测序,将所获得基因序列登录GenBank(登录号分别为FJ905823和FJ9058258),再用NCBI中的BLAST和ExPASy等相关软件进行生物信息学分析.发现在猪-人异种移植中,近亲繁殖的合作猪种在与人类主要组织相容性复合体遗传基因水平相似性方面有一定优势,也可作为备选猪种对相关基因进行必要的修饰和改造.     

撒坝猪SLA-DQB基因与生长性状的相关性分析

<正>猪的主要组织相容性复合体(SLA)新名为Sudo,首先由Vainman等人于1970年提出。SLA位于7号染色体的短臂上,与J、C血型系统连锁在一起,其结构与人的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)极相似,猪MHC又称为SLA,其Ⅱ类基因位于SLA-D区,它控制机体的免疫应答与调控,在调节机体的抗病能力方面起非常重要的作用。Ⅱ类基因主要包括DRA、DRB、DQA、DQB、DOB、DPA、TAP、LMP等。研究表明,具有Ⅱ类不同多态性的猪对疾病的抵抗能力有差异[1-8]。目前,对SLA-DQB基因的研究主要是针对     

猪SLA免疫学相关研究进展

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)是一类编码细胞表面糖蛋白的异质二聚体,在脊椎动物中分布广泛,由于具有能够参与免疫应答诱导和调节的特性,使其成为现代免疫学相关研究的热点之一。猪的主要组织相容性复合体又称猪白细胞抗原(SLA),位于第7号染色体并横跨着丝粒,分为Ⅰ类基因、Ⅱ类基因和Ⅲ类基因,它不仅参与移植排斥反应而且在多种免疫应答反应中起到调节作用。文章围绕SLA基因介绍了其免疫抗病现状、在细胞亚群上的表达、对猪免疫生产的影响、参与病原体调控机制及相关T淋巴细胞抗原表位分析等免疫相关研究进展。最后展望了作为抗病遗传标记物的SLA基因在免疫学方面的研究发展方向,认为应该着力探究SLA等位基因和单倍型在控制免疫相关反应时起到的调控作用、确定特异性抗原表位、鉴定关键的免疫细胞亚群和确切的SLA基因座,并对猪基因组序列和基因组学及蛋白组学工具进行更新改良,从而对SLA基因调节的新型免疫相关途径的开发起到指导作用。     

中国监利猪PRLRFSHβ基因的多态性及其与繁殖性能相关性初步分析

采用PCR-RFLP技术,分析了监利猪PRLR基因和FSHβ基因的多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明：PRLR基因在监利猪上只检测到AB和BB基因型,基因型频率分别为0．333和0．667,等位基因A、B频率分别是0．167和0．834：FSHβ基因在监利猪也只检测到AA、BB两种基因型,等位基因A、B频率分别为0．861和0．139,与以前的研究相似,中国地方猪种具有较高的A基因频率。从初步统计分析产仔数结果可以看出,监利猪具有较高的产仔数,经产产仔数达到12．33头／胎。FSHβ基因型分布特征暗示监利猪可能具有较好的繁殖性能,是具有较好开发应用价值的地方品种。     

中国监利猪PRLR和FSHβ基因的多态性及其与繁殖性能相关性初步分析

采用PCR-RFLP技术,分析了监利猪PRLR基因和FSHβ基因的多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明：PRLR基因在监利猪上只检测到AB和BB基因型,基因型频率分别为0．333和0．667,等位基因A、B频率分别是0．167和0．834：FSHβ基因在监利猪也只检测到AA、BB两种基因型,等位基因A、B频率分别为0．861和0．139,与以前的研究相似,中国地方猪种具有较高的A基因频率。从初步统计分析产仔数结果可以看出,监利猪具有较高的产仔数,经产产仔数达到12．33头／胎。FSHβ基因型分布特征暗示监利猪可能具有较好的繁殖性能,是具有较好开发应用价值的地方品种。     

SLA与繁殖性能的研究新进展

猪的繁殖性能包括若干方面,有限的QTL分析表明在染色体4、6、7、13和15上有与繁殖性能有关的QTL,这将为开发新的选择计划作好基础,将猪7号染色体已知的SLA(猪的主要组织相容性复合体)信息应用于育种选择以改善重要的繁殖性状,将具有非常重要的意义。1对排卵数的影响 Conley(1988)、Rothschild(1984、1990)对NIH微型猪的研究表明:SLA单倍型与排卵数存在着     

猪OB基因多态性分析及其对仔猪早期生长性能的影响

随着分子生物学技术和现代繁育理论的不断发展,猪的高生长速度机制的研究已达到基因水平。OB基因是近年来人们发现的与肥胖有关的基因,大量的体外试验研究表明,OB基因的表达产物瘦素（1eptin）具有降低体脂含量的作用。因此,人们推断OB基因与猪的生长性能之间可能存在着某种联系。近年来,对猪OB基因多态性与其生产性能关系的分析已成为当前研究的热点。本试验采用PCR—RFLP法分析了三江白猪、大白猪、长白猪、长×大猪群体OB基因3469位点的多态性,并分析了三江白猪OB基因多态性与其仔猪早期生长性能之间的关系,以期找到影脂肪蓄积的数量性状座位,从而为提高我国地方猪种瘦肉率等育种工作提供理论依据。     

国外对梅山猪的研究现状及其进展

由于梅山猪的高产仔性能,近20年来已被国外竞相引进,主要目的是用以改良其本国猪种的产仔性能。这些国家对梅山猪并不局限于杂交利用,还从基础理论方面进行研究,如梅山猪高产仔性能的生理机制、基因定位．主效基因检测等,探索梅山猪的高产仔性能的机理和控制基因。随着分子遗传技术的进展,有可能将高产基因直接插入西方猪的基因组,以避免梅山猪生长慢、瘦肉率低的缺点,创建新的合成系,以提高养猪业的经济效益。     

监利猪和大监猪五个基因的多态性研究

试验采用PCR-RFLP技术测定了49头监利猪和36头大监猪PRLR(催乳素受体基因)、ESR(雌激素受体基因)、FSHβ(促卵泡激素β亚基基因)、RYRl(兰尼定受体基因,氟烷基因)、FUT1(α-1,2岩藻糖转移酶基因)5个基因位点的多态性,并与国内外其它猪种相应基因频率和基因型频率做了对比分析,旨在探讨监利猪和大监猪(大白×监利)繁殖性能和抗病性能的潜力,为监利猪的保种及开发利用提供理论依据.结果表明,监利猪PRLR、ESR、FSHβ 3个繁殖性状主效基因的优势基因型分别为BB、AB、AA;大监猪PRLR、FSHβ两个基因的优势基因型均为AB,ESR基因只检测到AB和BB基因型且二者频率相等;监利猪和大监猪ESR基因的优势基因为有利于产仔数提高的等位基因B.监利猪和大监猪RYR1、FUT1基因型只有一种BB型,均没有检测到突变,具有国内品种抗应激的特性以及对大肠杆菌敏感的特点.     

Genetic manipulation of the major histocompatibility complex

The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are prime candidates for genetic engineering of domestic species because of their importance in many biological phenomena, including disease resistance and reproduction. One MHC-linked gene, the Ped gene in the mouse, has been shown to influence embryo development and survival. The Ped gene has mapped to the Qa-2 subregion of the mouse MHC, the H-2 complex. Future studies are aimed at determining, at the DNA and protein levels, the structure of the Ped gene and its gene product. There is preliminary evidence that there may be MHC-linked Ped-like genes that influence reproduction in other species. The search for Ped-like genes in domestic species has been hampered by the limited data available describing the molecular structure of the MHC of species other than mouse and man. This paper describes the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to study the MHC of two domestic species, the pig and the chicken. Major histocompatibility complex effects on reproduction have been reported for both the pig and the chicken. The long-range goal is to identify and isolate advantageous alleles that could then be injected into recipient embryos to create more reproductively efficient animals.     

Comparative genomics of the poultry major histocompatibility complex

This review summarizes the latest findings regarding the avian major histocompatibility complex (MHC), focusing particularly on the genomics of MHC in the Japanese quail (Cotrnix japonica) and other birds, as well as haplotype, genomics, function and disease resistance in the chicken (Gallus gallus). This information provides important insight into the breeding of disease resistance in poultry, natural selection of disease resistance in wild birds, and the effects of recombination and hitchhiking on the evolution of multiple MHC gene families.     

家禽主要组织相容性复合体结构的研究进展

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)存在于所有高等脊椎动物的基因组中,表现为高度多态和多基因的特性。MHC在免疫应答和病毒抵御上发挥着重要作用,不同家禽的MHC结构差异一定程度上可以解释其抗病性的差异。本文对近年来在鸡、鹌鹑、火鸡、鸭、鹅和其他几种禽类MHC结构研究方面的进展进行综述,对不同家禽MHC结构进行对比分析,有利于了解不同家禽品种间的遗传关系,促进家禽抗病育种的研究。     

Detection of genes with moderate effects on disease resistance using ovine mhc and resistance to nematodes as an example

Detecting some of the genes that influence disease resistance would improve our understanding of the processes that cause disease and also simplify disease control. Genes within the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are strong candidates for disease resistance and they have been intensely studied for the last 30 years. Recently, several groups working independently have reported the existence of alleles within the mhc that are associated with enhanced resistance to nematode infection. This article uses hindsight to describe some of the potential pitfalls that hinder the search for valid disease resistance genes. The search requires a good understanding of disease biology, molecular genetics, statistical genetics and especially, the design and analysis of experiments. The power to detect mhc effects is quite low and is quite sensitive to the frequency of the putative resistance alleles.     

Genetic control of immune responsiveness: a review of its use as a tool for selection for disease resistance

Disease resistance and immune responsiveness have been traits generally ignored by animal breeders. Recent advances in immunology and molecular biology have opened new avenues towards our understanding of genetic control of these traits. The major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC) appears to play a central role in all immune functions and disease resistance. The need to understand the relationship between immune responsiveness, disease resistance and production traits is discussed in this review. Antagonistic relationships might prevent simultaneous improvement of all of these traits by conventional breeding methods. It is suggested that genetic engineering methods may allow the simultaneous improvement of disease resistance and production traits in domestic animals. Genes of the MHC will be especially good candidates for genetic engineering experiments to improve domestic species.     

主要组织相容性复合体在鸟类保护生物学中的应用

在保护生物学研究中,主要组织相容性复合体（major histocompatibility complex,MHC）的遗传多样性越来越受到人们的重视。在研究比较广泛和深入的哺乳动物和鱼类中,MHC被认为与抗病能力、配偶选择和亲缘识别有关。然而,MHC基因对哺乳动物行为产生影响的机制是否适用于鸟类,特别是鸟类野生种群,尚不清楚。文章对MHC多态性机制、MHC基因分型方法及其与鸟类疾病抗性、配偶选择的关系等进行了综述,为研究人员对鸟类保护生物学的深入研究提供参考。     

Immunological basis of differences in disease resistance in the chicken

Genetic resistance to diseases is a multigenic trait governed mainly by the immune system and its interactions with many physiologic and environmental factors. In the adaptive immunity, T cell and B cell responses, the specific recognition of antigens and interactions between antigen presenting cells, T cells and B cells are crucial. It occurs through a network of mediator proteins such as the molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptors, immunoglobulins and secreted proteins such as the cytokines and antibodies. The diversity of these proteins that mainly is due to an intrinsic polymorphism of the genes causes phenotypic variation in disease resistance. The well-known linkage of MHC polymorphism and Marek's disease resistance difference represents a classic model revealing immunological factors in resistance differences and diversity of mediator molecules. The molecular bases in any resistance variation to infectious pathogens are vaguely understood. This paper presents a review of the major immune mediators involved in resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases and their functional mechanisms in the chicken. The genetic interaction of disease resistance with production traits and the environment is mentioned.     

The effect of serologically defined major histocompatibility complex haplotypes on Marek's disease resistance in commercially bred White Leghorn chickens

In commercial pure white leghorn lines, A, B, and C, the effects on resistance against a virulent strain of Marek's disease virus were assessed for B19 and B21 haplotypes of the chicken major histocompatibility complex. B haplotypes were identified by direct hemagglutination using alloantisera raised against erythrocyte antigens. In homozygous B21 female chicks from lines A and B, mortality upon challenge with virus was 16% and 9%, respectively; in B19 chicks, mortality was 42% and 60%, respectively. Intermediate mortality was observed in heterozygous B19/B21 birds. When line A and B hens were crossed with B15/B15 or B5/B19 cocks from line C, differences between B19 and B21 were significant only in the progeny from B5/B19 sires. Therefore, it was concluded that selection for major histocompatibility complex-associated disease resistance markers may be useful only when B haplotypes complement each other in commercial line crosses and when interactions with genetic background do not severely obscure the differential haplotype effects, as are observed within pure lines.     

鹿科动物主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的研究进展

综述了主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的基本结构与特点,总结了鹿科动物MHC基因的结构、多态性以及与经济性状、抗病性之间的关系。     

鸡主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)研究进展

鸡主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)与排斥反应、淋巴细胞反应及抗原递呈有关,其编码基因簇位于16号染色体上,其上许多基因具有多态性,与疾病抗性或易感性密切相关.文章主要对鸡的16号染色体上基因分布、MHC-B区域基因、MHC单倍型检测方法及鸡MHC与常见疾病的关系等方面进行综述.