一株扭角羚弗格森埃希菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从四川省某自然保护区2014年5月送检的一只死亡青年扭角羚的肝脏中分离到1株杆菌,并对该分离株进行了生化试验和药物敏感试验。菌株纯培养后,通过菌落PCR方法扩增16SrDNA,并测定PCR产物序列,结合16SrDNA测序结果及生化特性,确定该分离株的生物学分类,然后利用药物敏感试验确定了该菌的耐药情况。将该菌株16SrDNA测序结果在NCBI数据库中Blast同源性比较分析,发现它与弗格森埃希菌相似度超过99%,结合菌株生化试验结果,确定该菌株为弗格森埃希菌。药物敏感试验结果显示,此分离株对环丙沙星、氟苯尼考、头孢他啶、丁胺卡那等敏感,对氨苄西林耐药。     

蛋源摩氏摩根菌分离、鉴定及遗传进化分析

本研究利用传统细菌鉴定方法、革兰氏阴性细菌生化鉴定系统及16S rDNA 序列分析对分离自市售新鲜鸡蛋中的菌株进行形态学、培养特性及生化特性等生物学特性鉴定及遗传进化分析,结果表明分离株为摩氏摩根菌。药物敏感性试验结果表明,该菌株对痢特灵、利福平、四环素、磷霉素、多黏菌素B和阿奇霉素有耐药性,属于多重耐药菌株。序列分析结果显示,该分离菌株与目前已分离的其他食源性摩氏摩根菌菌株高度同源。     

台湾泥鳅死亡致病菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为确定捕捞转场后造成台湾泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp.Taiwan）死亡的病原,本试验对台湾泥鳅进行病理解剖、病原分离。对分离菌进行形态学观察、生理生化特性测定及16S rDNA基因测序鉴定,并进行人工感染试验、药敏试验。结果显示,从泥鳅肝脏、脾脏、肾脏及肠道组织中分离到形态一致的优势菌株,经纯化保存,命名为XJC。菌株XJC葡萄糖发酵、D-葡萄糖、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸及尿素利用阳性,其他所测生化指标均为阴性,与摩氏摩根菌（Morganella morganii）一致;16S rDNA基因序列与摩氏摩根菌相似性达99.6%,被鉴定为摩氏摩根菌。感染试验结果表明,菌株XJC对台湾泥鳅具有致病性,被感染的泥鳅出现了肠道充血典型病理变化。从发病泥鳅体内分离到与菌株XJC一致的菌株,可以判定菌株XJC是泥鳅病原菌。药敏试验结果表明,菌株XJC对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类及第三代头孢类药物表现出敏感,对四环素、青霉素、红霉素、多肽类、呋喃唑酮、洁霉素及第一、第二代头孢类药物均等表现耐药,生产中可选用氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类药物进行摩氏摩根菌疾病的防治。本试验结果可为台湾泥鳅摩氏摩根菌病诊断和防治提供参考。     

患病大鲵摩氏摩根菌的分离与鉴定

从患病大鲵肝脏中分离到1株优势菌SX01,通过Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统、16S rDNA序列分析及构建系统发育树的方法对纯培养的细菌进行鉴定,并进行人工感染试验及药敏试验。结果表明,该分离菌为摩氏摩根菌(Morganella morganii),对大鲵具有致病性。药物敏感性试验表明,该菌株对头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、氨曲南等10种药物高度敏感。     

重庆黑山羊摩氏摩根菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

从重庆健康黑山羊上呼吸道分离到1株革兰阴性短杆菌,通过形态学观察、16S r DNA及系统发育树分析,确定该菌株为摩氏摩根菌,命名为RC01。致病性试验显示,菌株RC01对小鼠致病性较强。药物敏感性试验显示,RC01对卡那霉素、萘啶酸、头孢噻肟、左氧氟沙星较为敏感;对青霉素、氨苄西林、大观霉素、克拉霉素耐药。本研究首次从健康山羊上呼吸道分离到对小鼠具有较强致病性的摩氏摩根菌病原,其潜在危害应引起人们的重视。     

锦鲤摩氏摩根氏菌的分离鉴定与药敏性研究

为鉴定2009年山东某养殖场锦鲤病病原,本研究从病鱼体内分离到3株优势菌,经回归感染实验证实编号为A400502的分离株为该病的致病菌.该菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,周生鞭毛,大小为0.5 μm～0.7 μm×1.0 μm～1.5 μm.其生化特征为鸟氨酸脱羧酶、尿素酶、酚红反应阳性,赖氨酸脱羧酶和精氨酸双水解酶阴性.利用16S rDNA序列分析和比对结果构建的系统发育树表明,该菌与登录号为EF455493的摩氏摩根氏菌(Morganella morganii)的同源性高达99％,因此将该菌鉴定为摩氏摩根氏菌.26种药物的敏感实验结果表明,该分离株对复达欣、庆大霉素、新霉素等11种药物高度敏感.     

节尾狐猴摩氏摩根菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为探究1例2月龄雄性节尾狐猴幼崽死亡的病因,取其肝脏、肾脏等组织样本进行细菌培养,分离出的菌株通过菌落形态观察、革兰染色镜检、生理生化特性鉴定,确定为摩氏摩根菌。并对分离菌株进行了药物敏感试验,显示该菌对临床多种常用抗生素的耐药性较高,应引起足够的重视。     

1株猪源摩氏摩根菌的分离及鉴定

从猪小肠内容物分离得到1株疑似致病菌进行鉴定。革兰染色显示,该菌为革兰阴性短杆菌;16S rDNA及同源性结果,确定其为摩氏摩根菌,命名QX01。回归试验表明,该菌能够引起昆明系小鼠肝脏和肺脏不同程度充血和出血,具有较强的致病力。19种药物的敏感性试验结果表明,该菌对头孢噻肟、左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星等10种药物敏感,对恩诺沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶、红霉素等5种药物耐受。本试验首次从猪小肠内容物分离的摩氏摩根菌具有较强致病力,其潜在危害应引起重视。     

棘腹蛙“水肿病”病原的分离鉴定

为了解重庆地区部分棘腹蛙养殖场"水肿病"病因,并对该病的临床防控提供参考,本研究采集了10只具有"水肿病"典型症状的2岁龄棘腹蛙成蛙,剖检后从其主要病变组织分离细菌;对分离的优势菌进行培养特性观察和回归致病性试验,同时进行生理生化特性鉴定、16SrDNA序列测定和药敏试验。结果显示,从病蛙腹腔中分离到1株优势菌株并命名为CQWU201501,该菌为革兰阴性无芽胞短杆菌,主要生理生化特性符合弗氏柠檬酸杆菌的指标,16SrDNA序列与弗氏柠檬酸杆菌同源性高达99.5%;药敏试验显示该菌对绝大部分β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类和四环素类药物敏感。综上所述,棘腹蛙"水肿病"是由弗氏柠檬酸杆菌引起的;该菌对供试的16种药物敏感,仅对头孢唑啉和复方新诺明2种药物耐药,生产上可选择敏感药物治疗。     

华南虎子宫内膜炎摩氏摩根菌分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

【目的】对杭州野生动物世界1例成年雌性华南虎(Panthera tigris amoyensis)子宫内膜炎病例的病原进行分离鉴定及生物学特性研究。【方法】无菌采集患虎子宫分泌物进行细菌分离培养、形态观察、梅里埃Vitek^? 2 COMPACT系统的生化鉴定以及16S rDNA序列分析,采用小鼠腹腔接种模型检测临床分离株致病性,并通过药敏纸片扩散法K-B鉴定该菌对50种药物的敏感性,采用筛选的敏感药物联合对症治疗,持续观察疾病是否复发及其产仔情况。【结果】从患虎子宫分泌物中获得1株革兰阴性短棒状杆菌;梅里埃Vitek^? 2 COMPACT系统革兰阴性卡鉴定结果显示,该临床分离株为摩氏摩根菌,菌株可发酵葡萄糖,分解甘露糖、D-葡萄糖,且尿素酶、磷酸酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶反应呈阳性;序列比对分析发现,16S rDNA序列与摩氏摩根菌的相似性最高,达99%以上,进一步表明该菌为摩氏摩根菌,并命名为HNH2019;药敏结果显示,该菌多重耐药,对多黏菌素B、丁胺卡那、复方新诺明、麦迪霉素、四环素、头孢哌酮等33种药物呈不同程度的耐药,对头孢...     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.