Genetic Diversity of Cultivated Chinese Chive Germplasm by ISSR and RAPD Markers

利用RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)和ISSR(Inter-simple Sequence Repeat)两种分子标记技术对20份韭菜栽培品种进行了遗传多样性研究。结果表明，筛选后选用的12个ISSR引物和15个RAPD引物分析分别产生了258和101条扩增产物带，其中多态性条带(即20个韭菜品种中一个或多个但不是全部具有的带)分别为132和40条，分别占总数的51.2%和39.6%。，也就是说12个ISSR引物和15个SSR引物对韭菜不同品种的扩增可分别产生51     

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 利用RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)和ISSR(Inter-simple Sequence Repeat)两种分子标记技术对20份韭菜栽培品种进行了遗传多样性研究。结果表明，筛选后选用的12个ISSR引物和15个RAPD引物分析分别产生了258和101条扩增产物带，其中多态性条带(即20个韭菜品种中一个或多个但不是全部具有的带)分别为132和40条，分别占总数的51.2%和39.6%。，也就是说12个ISSR引物和15个SSR引物对韭菜不同品种的扩增可分别产生51     

引进国外马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性分析

应用RAPD标记技术研究国外马铃薯品种的遗传多样性,以期明确这些品种的亲缘关系,为马铃薯优良品种的选育提供理论依据。利用筛选的29条RAPD引物,对24份国外马铃薯品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,29条RAPD引物共扩增出165个条带,其中116条为多态性条带,多态性比例为70.3%;试供的24个国外马铃薯品种间的遗传相似系数在0.514~0.816之间,平均为0.677;相似系数小于0.6的品种对仅为7.25%;24个马铃薯品种可聚为2大类6亚类。结果表明,试供的24个国外马铃薯品种间的遗传相似性高,遗传基础比较狭窄。     

克新系列马铃薯遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD标记技术对19份克新系列马铃薯品种进行了遗传多样性分析,分别提取19份马铃薯品种的DNA,进行随机引物多态性扩增,从1000条随机引物中初步筛选出7条有多态性的引物进行详细研究,每条RAPD引物扩增出4~9条带,共获得52条带,其中多态性条带为43条;19份马铃薯品种的遗传距离介于0.17~0.72之间,平均值为0.39,平均遗传距离介于0.31~0.51之间;聚类分析结果在GS=0.53处可将克新系列马铃薯品种划分为三类,聚类结果与系谱分析基本相符,同时也说明克新系列马铃薯的遗传基础有所拓宽。研究表明：RAPD标记简便、快速、成本低,适用于分析马铃薯遗传多样性,指导马铃薯育种实践中的亲本组配。     

花椰菜RAPD随机引物的筛选

【研究目的】为了解37份花椰菜种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为花椰菜育种提供理论基础,本研究以其中7份来自不同产地的花椰菜品种为模板对80条随机引物进行了初步筛选。【结果】48条随机引物能获得多态性扩增,25条引物的RAPD分析结果无多态性,7条引物的未获得扩增条带;【结论】 引物 S11、S15、S16、S17、S18和 S65 扩增条带比较稳定、清晰且具有多态性,多态性比例在 16.7% - 75.0% 之间,可作为花椰菜RAPD分析的随机引物。     

甘蓝品种的AFLP指纹鉴别图谱分析

本试验采用AFLP技术分析了来自全国9个栽培地区的44个甘蓝主栽品种,共筛选了40对E 3/M 3引物组合,多态性条带的数量从0条到15条不等。其中引物组合E-AAC/M-CTA是甘蓝品种中多态性最高的引物,有15条多态性条带,多态性条带的百分率为30%,但该引物不足以区分44个供试的甘蓝品种。同时筛选了11组E 2/M 3对引物组合,其中引物组合E-AG/M-CTC产生了13条清晰的多态性条带。以E-AAC/M-CTA和E-AG/M-CTC这两对引物组合的多态性条带构建了44份甘蓝品种材料的指纹图谱,此指纹图谱可以将供试的44份材料一一区分。     

烟草品种RAPD分子标记多态性与品种鉴定

用235个引物对来源于中国，美国等国的23个烤烟和地方晒晾烟品种基因组进行了RAPD分子标记分析。结果表明：235个不同的随机引物中有25个（占10．64％）可以扩增出至少在两个品种间表现多态性的产物，利用其中16个引物扩增出128条带，其中46条品种间具有多态性。建议将RAPD技术应用于烟草品种鉴定。     

甘蓝型油菜人工合成种遗传多样性分析

用RAPD及SSR技术对98份甘蓝型油菜人工合成种与46份甘蓝型油菜品种(系)进行遗传多样性分析。30条随机引物共扩增出332条带,其中多态性带309条,多态性比率为93.07%。33对SSR引物共扩增出134条带,其中多态性带129条,多态性比率为96.27%。经聚类分析与主成分分析,表明甘蓝型油菜人工合成种遗传多样性十分丰富。因此通过人工     

适于百合遗传多样性分析的RAPD引物筛选

为筛选出适于百合遗传多样性分析的RAPD有效引物,利用48个RAPD随机引物,对百合属的黄天霸、西伯利亚、兰州百合和川百合进行PCR扩增,共筛选出8条多态性丰富、条带清晰且可重复性好的有效引物,8条引物在4个样品中共扩增出112条DNA带,其中78条为多态性带,占总扩增带数的69.6%,平均每个引物扩增出14条带。该研究为应用RAPD标记技术进行百合属植物遗传多样性分析和品种分子鉴别等研究奠定了基础。     

8份剑麻种质亲缘关系的ISSR和RAPD分析

为了揭示剑麻栽培品种的遗传多样性,利用ISSR和RAPD分子标记技术对8份剑麻种质的亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明,筛选后选用的8条ISSR引物和8条RAPD引物,分别产生了53条和66条扩增条带,其中多态性条带分别为44条和61条,多态性条带百分率分别为83.02%和92.42%。根据2种标记的扩增结果,用UPGMA法对8份剑麻种质进行聚类分析,供试材料之间具有较高的遗传多样性,其品种间遗传相似系数分别为0.59~0.80和0.52~0.76。2个标记的聚类结果基本一致,但有点差异,可将供试的8份剑麻种质划分为2类群,而且2个标记聚类结果呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.70。可见,剑麻种质资源的遗传多样性丰富。     

我国39个茶树品种的RAPD分析

在前人研究的基础上,本研究结合茶树特点,进行综合设计,探索出一套操作简便、快速、准确的高质量茶树DNA提取和纯化技术。从100条RAPD随机引物中筛选出20条具有多态性的引物,对这39份材料进行RAPD分析,扩增共产生196条RAPD标记带,其中多态性带171条,多态性百分率为87．2％。依据RAPD分析结果,通过UPGMA类平均法聚类法,对供试的39个茶树品种进行聚类分析,绘制出基因组DNA之间的遗传关系树状图,结果表明：它们之间的遗传相似系数在0．17-42．97之间。揭示了不同省（区）地方性的茶树品种之间遗传多样性、遗传相似性与亲缘关系,通过分析证实了这些品种间存在着亲缘关系,进一步明晰了彼此之间的遗传距离。     

木豆种质资源遗传多样性的分析

为探讨木豆的遗传多样性,应用RAPD技术对15个木豆（Pigeonpea）种质资源进行了分析。从大量的引物中筛选出了27个多态性较高的随机引物,共扩增出176条带,其中多态带为104条（占56.24%）。对这些引物的扩增带谱进行数据转化后,通过SPSS13.0软件对15个木豆种质资源进行聚类分析,根据聚类结果可将15个木豆种质资源分为6大类。同时,对田间种植的15个木豆种质资源进行生物学性状的观察记载。经过比较分析可以看出,从DNA水平上对木豆种质资源的聚类结果与其生态类型以及生物学性状之间具有较高的吻合度。本试验结果为开发利用木豆种质中的有利遗传资源提供了参考资料。     

Genetic variation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivated in Chile determined by RAPDs

RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technology was applied to analyze the genetic variability of sweet potato germplasm existing in Chile and elsewhere. Analysis of 28 cultivars from all over the world showed polymorphic bands with all 18 primers tested. A total of 124 RAPD bands were scored with an average of 6.9 polymorphic bands per primer. These results confirm that sweet potato exhibits high genetic variation. Two groups were distinguished: one containing Peruvian cultivars, and another containing cultivars from the rest of the world. Analysis of 14 accessions from Central Chile and one from Northern Chile showed polymorphic bands with 24 of 26 primers tested, but almost all of the 140 polymorphic bands merely showed the distinctness of the Northern accession. The almost complete uniformity of the other 14 accessions shows that sweet potato germplasm collected in Central Chile has very little genetic variability and may be derived from a single cultivar. Based on these results and on historical records, some hypotheses are proposed to explain the origin of sweet potatoes cultivated in Chile. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ecotypic differentiation in Medicago polymorpha L. along an environmental gradient in central Chile. RAPDs studies show little genetic divergence

Burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) is distributed in a wide range of bioclimatic and edaphic conditions throughout the mediterranean-climate region of Chile. Previous studies on populations of M. polymorpha collected along this gradient revealed a remarkable ecotypic differentiation in many adaptive traits. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to evaluate genetic divergence in 36 accessions collected along the entire gradient. Three Australian commercial cultivars were also included in the study, of which two originated in Chile. The 40 RAPD primers used revealed a high degree of polymorphism and generated a total of 295bands, of which 78% were polymorphic. Degrees of similarity, based on Nei's genetic distance, identified one group of accessions (22 of the 39studied) with an index of similarity = 100% centered in the semiarid and arid zones of the study region. The remaining 17 accessions (from more mesic zones and one commercial cultivar) were more diverse. Only 91%similarity was found for the combined 39 accessions, indicating a low degree of genetic divergence. Biogeographical and life history strategy aspects of the results are discussed, including the notion of a suite of ‘arid-adapted’ characteristics arising in annual legumes under arid /semiarid conditions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Identification and genetic diversity analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties from Morocco using RAPD markers

Genetic variation among 43 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions, including 37 accessions from Morocco and 6 cultivars from Iraq and Tunisia, was studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The pre-screening of 123 primers on four genotypes allowed selection of 19 primers which revealed polymorphism and gave reproducible results. All 43 analysed genotypes were distinguishable by their band patterns. RAPD technology therefore appears very effective for identifying accessions of date palm. RAPD-based genetic distance was used to determine the relationships between the accessions. The grouping-association identified by cluster analysis was rather weak. However, morphologically similar varieties clustered together. A relatively low polymorphism and a lack of evident organisation are observed among the date palm varieties grown in Morocco. This could be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the Moroccan date palm germplasm involving limited foundation germplasm, exchange of cultivars between plantations, and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic diversity in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) germplasm from Pakistan as determined by RAPDs

The genetic diversity and the relationships among a collection of mustard (B. juncea) germplasm, including 41 accessions collected from Pakistan, 6 oilseed cultivars/ lines and 5 Japanese vegetable cultivars, were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 198 polymorphic amplified products were obtained from 30 decamer primers. Of these, 14 were unique to the accession PAK-85835 and 37 were specific to PAK-85839. Based on pair-wise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, genetic similarity was estimated using similarity coefficients of Nei & Li (1979) and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities placed most of the collected germplasm and oilseed cultivars/lines close to each other, showing a low level of polymorphism between the oilseed accessions collected in Pakistan. However, the clusters formed by the oilseed collections and cultivars were distinct from those formed by the vegetable cultivars. A low level of genetic variability of oilseed mustard in Pakistan was attributed to the selection for similar traits and horticultural uses. The farmers' preference for more remunerative crops and perhaps the close parentage of these accessions further contributed towards their little diversity. The study demonstrated that the RAPD is a simple and fast technique to compare the genetic relationships and the patterns of variation among accessions of this crop. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

红籽瓜种质资源亲缘关系RAPD分析

本研究利用RAPD标记对红籽瓜种质资源进行亲缘关系分析。12个引物在51份红籽瓜种质中共扩增出80条谱带,其中多态性谱带74条,多态性谱带比率为92.50%。红籽瓜种质间遗传相似系数为0.41~0.99,说明RAPD标记能够揭示红籽瓜材料间较高的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类结果表明,在相似系数为0.812处,51份红籽瓜种质可分为8个组群。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为野生西瓜,第Ⅳ、Ⅶ组为菜用西瓜,第Ⅴ、Ⅷ组为籽用西瓜,第Ⅵ组为栽培种与野生种杂交的中间类型籽瓜。基于RAPD标记数据主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分累积方差贡献率为44.54%,其反映红籽瓜种质间的亲缘信息与聚类分析结果基本一致。红籽瓜种质资源的亲缘关系与地理来源关系不大。     

Genetic diversity in tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter] and its relatives as revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs

Tef is one of the staple cereal crops in Ethiopia. To evaluate genetic diversity of tef and its relatives, 47 accessions of tef, three accessions of E. pilosa, and six accessions of E. curvulawere analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The level of polymorphism among the wild species was extremely high, while low polymorphism was detected among tef accessions. All cultivars and wild species under study could be distinguished with the help of different primers, thereby indicating the potential of RAPD in the genetic fingerprinting of tef. Accessions from E. curvula and E. pilosa can be differentiated by a single selected primer. In spite of low polymorphism within tef, accessions under study could be distinguished by a combination of selected primers. Cluster analysis indicated that tef is a very closely related species to E. pilosa with 45%similarity, supporting the hypothesis that tef originated from E. pilosa based on morphological data. Given that RAPD are relatively quick, simple to use, and are not subjected to environmental influences, they provide a valuable new approach for the genetic fingerprinting and study of genetic diversity in tef. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

抗PVY马铃薯品种遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术分析了国内外37种抗PVY马铃薯资源。提取马铃薯(Solanumtuberosum)新鲜叶片的总DNA,用17种RAPD引物进行随机多态性扩增,利用遗传多样性信息,进行亲源关系的分子鉴定。试验表明:平均每10个碱基引物扩增出6￣21条谱带,共获得164条特异性谱带,平均每个引物扩增获得9.8条多态性谱带,多态性比率平均为76.3%。RAPD分析表明37种抗PVY马铃薯资源之间的遗传距离介于0.06￣0.68之间,平均值为0.35,平均遗传距离介于0.27￣0.50之间,聚类分析将37种抗PVY材料划分为三个类,聚类结果同材料的血缘关系密切,并且表现出一定的地域特性。根据扩增的特异性谱带可进行抗PVY马铃薯资源的分子鉴定,为抗PVY育种亲本选配提供了依据。