槲皮素对猕猴桃高温强光伤害的缓解作用

以中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)'和平红阳'和'武植3号'为材料,研究槲皮素制剂处理对其生长发育的影响.结果表明,槲皮素处理的猕猴桃叶片受夏季高温强光灼伤较轻微,和平红阳的落果率明显减少.喷施槲皮素制剂的处理,其鲜果的维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、总糖、可溶性蛋白质含量等品质指标有不同程度提高,可滴定酸略有下降.槲皮素处理可提高猕猴桃的光饱和点,并在一定程度上提高猕猴桃在高温强光下的光合速率.研究结果初步证实,槲皮素处理能改善猕猴桃的生长发育及其果实内在品质,可作为优质猕猴桃鲜果生产的一项技术措施.     

蟋蟀也会危害猕猴桃

近几年来，人们对猕猴桃果实虫害防治主要集中在前期防治蝽象上，而经常忽视后期蟋蟀对成熟果实的危害。蟋蟀原本不危害猕猴桃，只危害粮食作物，但在近两年秋季笔者实际观察发现，其成虫已转向危害猕猴桃果实，引起大量落果，因此应引起果农高度重视。     

赣南甜柚防御高温干旱适用技术

高温干旱天气是南康甜柚果实膨大期间最容易出现的气象灾害之一,会给甜柚生产造成严重影响。其主要危害:影响甜柚及其果实的正常生长;造成果实日灼;引起异常落果。本文从农业气象角度出发,提出防御高温干旱的有关实用技术,供大家参考。     

猕猴桃落花落果原因及防治对策

2019年5月,陕西秦岭北麓猕猴桃产区出现大面积落花落果现象,最重田块落花落果率达到70%以上,给农民造成了极大的损失。结合生产实践,对猕猴桃落花落果的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的防治措施,为果农提供参考,以减轻落花落果的危害,减少损失。     

周至猕猴桃花腐病发生特点与防控对策

<正>花腐病是继溃疡病之后猕猴桃上的又一主要病害,近年呈加重发生态势。根据2018年果园调查,陕西周至猕猴桃产区病园率90.6%,病株率51.4%,病蕾(花)率34.8%;严重果园病株率达到83.5%,病蕾(花)率达到74.8%以上。该病主要危害花蕾,引起落花、落果,造成果小而畸形,严重影响猕猴桃产量和品质,必须引起高度重视,认真做好防控工作。1发病表现猕猴桃现蕾期集中表现,病菌主要危害花     

龙蟠村迟熟椪柑褐腐病危害调查及防治

蒙山县西河镇龙蟠村中村片15户果农,在2001年春种下迟熟椪柑15 hm2,在果农精心护理下,果树长势良好,2003年开始挂果,但在2004年6月下旬～7月中旬出现两次比较严重的病害,引起果树严重落果,第一次落果是6月下旬,陆续有该片的果农反映迟熟椪柑出现异常病害和比较严重落果,经笔者调查统计发现:2004年6月22日～7月1日这段时间,果树发病程度差异很大,落果量差别也大,危害最严重的是黄党生户果园,果树发病率高达86%,果实受害率、落果率分别为31%、22%.整片果园平均果树发病率为18%,果实受害率、落果率分别为12%、8%.第二次落果只涉及黄党生的果园,其它户果树只有零星发生.     

苹果树高温落果预防技术

夏季持续高温干旱，苹果可减产20％～30％，严重的可达50％以上。主要原因是高温干旱干扰了树体正常的生理代谢，果实不能充分得到发育所需的营养而脱落。在高温季节采取以下综合措施，可有效地预防苹果异常落果。     

猕猴桃黄化病的发生与防治

近年来,陕西猕猴桃产区猕猴桃黄化病发生普遍,危害严重,尤其在地下水位较高的湿地果园,该病发生率高,发病株率可达20%左右,严重田块高达30%～50%.发生黄化病的叶片,除叶脉为淡绿色外,其余部分均发黄失绿,叶片小,树势衰弱.严重时叶片发白,外缘卷缩枯焦,果实外皮黄化,果肉切开呈白色,丧失食用价值,长时间发病还会引起整树死亡.     

怎样预防苹果树高温热害

<正>7、8月份苹果果实增长较快,适宜的生长温度为22～28℃,30℃以上果实膨大缓慢,气温超过35℃则停止生长。同时高温干燥的气候,严重抑制叶片的光合作用,甚至导致落果、缩果,对产量有较大影响。预防高温热害的措施如下。     

猕猴桃日灼病发生与防治措施

猕猴桃日灼病是一种常见的生理性病害，由夏季高温强日照引起，在果实上发生普遍，挂果幼园发生较重。据笔者在陕西眉县猕猴桃产区调查，病园率达45％，病果率5．6％，严重者病果率达15％以上，导致果实品质变差，严重影响商品果率。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量