Darsee apologizes to New England Journal

Letters from John Darsee and two Emory University faculty members with whom he co-authored papers will appear in the 9 June 1983 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. The letters will retract articles containing inaccurate and fabricated information that were published by the journal in 1979 and 1981. Darsee's letter of apology will clear his co-authors of any responsibility for the inaccuracies.     

Fraud inquiry spreads blame

The National Institutes of Health has recommended that John Darsee be denied NIH funding for ten years and that Eugene Braunwald's cardiac research laboratory at Harvard, where Darsee worked, be subject to an on-site review in one year. These recommendations follow the report of an NIH-appointed panel which investigated data falsification by Darsee and supervisory procedures at the laboratory. NIH is also negotiating for return of the funds spent on Darsee's now useless study.     

Harvard delays in reporting fraud

A detailed account of the John Darsee fraud case at the Harvard Medical School is presented, describing the nature of Darsee's work at Harvard and his relationships with colleagues and mentors both before and after his confession to fabrication of data. University authorities took little action against Darsee during the six months before NIH questioning of discrepancies in one of Darsee's studies led to public disclosure. Committees at Harvard and NIH will investigate.     

高校食品专业大学生撰写文献综述探讨

撰写文献综述是高校食品专业大学生完成理论课程论文和进行科研实验的重要组成部分。从文献搜集、文献阅读、撰写文献综述3大方面有针对性地进行分析,探讨了食品专业大学生撰写文献综述过程中存在的错误,提出文献综述中概括归纳的方法,为提高食品专业大学生文献综述能力提供参考。     

Swiss research questioned

The University of Geneva has notified the National Cancer Institute that work on nuclear transplantation done by one of its researchers, Karl Illmensee, is under review for alleged irregularities. Other scientists have had difficulty in reproducing the results of Illmensee's research, which was thought to have important implications for the cloning of mammals. Illmensee, an NCI grant recipient, had performed similar experiments as a visiting professor at Bar Harbor's Jackson Laboratory in collaboration with Peter Hoppe. An investigation into that work is now being planned.     

Single-molecule experiments in vitro and in silico

Single-molecule force experiments in vitro enable the characterization of the mechanical response of biological matter at the nanometer scale. However, they do not reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanical function. These can only be readily studied through molecular dynamics simulations of atomic structural models: "in silico" (by computer analysis) single-molecule experiments. Steered molecular dynamics simulations, in which external forces are used to explore the response and function of macromolecules, have become a powerful tool complementing and guiding in vitro single-molecule experiments. The insights provided by in silico experiments are illustrated here through a review of recent research in three areas of protein mechanics: elasticity of the muscle protein titin and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin; linker-mediated elasticity of the cytoskeleton protein spectrin; and elasticity of ankyrin repeats, a protein module found ubiquitously in cells but with an as-yet unclear function.     

上海市住房需求总量研究

在回顾国内外学者研究的基础上,分析了影响上海市住房需求总量的因素,然后根据这些影响因素建立了住房需求总量模型。     

园艺植物嵌合体研究进展

植物嵌合体是由2种或者2种以上遗传型细胞组成的植物结构,在园艺植物产业发展中发挥着重要作用。综合论述了植物嵌合体的概念、作用、分类、产生机制和鉴定方法,并介绍了其在植物育种研究中的重要作用,以为研究植物生长发育过程中细胞间的相互作用提供参考。     

基于系统获得性沉默的果树砧木分子育种

在果树栽培生产中嫁接是主要的繁殖方式,砧木育种是果树育种的重要内容。近些年来的研究表明,一些mRNA和小RNA能够在植物细胞间移动,并且能够穿过嫁接口在植物体内长距离运输传递。总结了能够通过嫁接长距离传递的植物内源RNA分子的种类,介绍了基因沉默原理和技术,提出了基于系统获得性沉默原理的果树砧木分子育种策略,并分析了其可能存在的问题,为进一步开展果树砧木分子育种提供思路和参考。     

植物细胞质APX1的研究进展

活性氧(ROS)在植物生长发育和对各种逆境适应过程中扮演双面角色：高浓度下引起氧化损伤、低浓度下发挥第二信使作用,其角色转换取决于其产生和清除之间的平衡状态,并严格受控于体内一套由酶和非酶组分构成的双元抗氧化系统。在抗氧化酶类中,位居细胞质的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶1(APX1)在胞内氧化还原态水平调控中起到关键作用,在ROS清除网络中居于核心地位,已被视作ROS功能的重要杠杆,并因而获得相对最广泛的研究关注。着重介绍了其酶学特性、基因表达和调控、生物学作用及目前主要在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用研究进展,以期为日后植物ROS和抗逆性研究提供有用信息和思路。     

中国绒山羊蛋白质和氨基酸营养研究新进展

对中国高产绒山羊绒毛纤维生长对营养反应的研究进行了综述。中国的高产绒山羊品种与国外低产品种对日粮蛋白质水平反应的差异,除与其遗传基础有关以外,主要的原因可能与日粮蛋白质的品质和氨基酸组成有关。甄玉国采用灌注营养技术、慢性血插管技术和稳定性同位素示踪技术等手段和方法,对内蒙古白绒山羊的氨基酸吸收和利用及蛋白质周转规律进行了系统研究。结果表明：在一定日粮条件下,中国高产绒山羊(内蒙古白绒山羊)小肠可吸收氨基酸中存在一种相对平衡的有利于绒毛纤维生长的理想模式。改善小肠可吸收氨基酸模式,提高小肠可吸收氨基酸水平,可提高绒山羊的生产性能,从而进一步证明了绒山羊氨基酸代谢和需要的特殊性。     

微生物对偶氮染料脱色降解的研究进展

近年来,随着印染与染料工业的发展,染料的数量和品种不断增多,由染料废水造成的污染呈增加的趋势,开发环境友好、高效、快速、低成本的染料废水处理方法是当前研究的热点。目前利用微生物处理偶氮染料废水的应用和研究居于首位,许多研究者致力于高效脱色偶氮染料微生物的筛选、分离和驯化。文章详细介绍了微生物对偶氮染料的脱色机制,并对目前研究所涉及的细菌、真菌、藻类以及混合菌群脱色偶氮染料的现状进行了分析,对今后的研究方向和重点内容进行了展望,为偶氮染料废水微生物处理技术的应用提供参考。     

University Isotope Separator at Oak Ridge: The UNISOR Consortium

The UNISOR cooperative project, envisioned more than 3 years ago, is now successfully working. Research problems that involve a full range of experiments on nuclei far from beta stability are being investigated jointly by groups of scientists from several institutions. Some of the first work reported (16) included the identification, half-lives, and decay schemes of three new isotopes, (186)T1, (188)T1, and (116)I; the first or new decay schemes of (189)T1, (190)T1, (117)Xe, and (117)I; and the results of the perturbed gamma-gamma directional correlation work in (126)Xe. UNISOR is already stimulating international interest. A report (1) on the new research being planned with an isotope separator on-line to ORIC was presented at a Soviet Academy of Sciences meeting on nuclear structure in 1971. At an international nuclear physics conference in Munich in August 1973, Academician G. N. Flerov, director of the heavy-ion laboratory in Dubna, said the UNISOR project had inspired his laboratory to secure funds for a new, much improved isotope separator which is now installed on-line to their heavy-ion cyclotron to be used for detailed studies of nuclei far from stability. The UNISOR model for research has inspired a second such project, the Atomic Physics Consortium at Oak Ridge (APCOR). After an exploratory conference at Oak Ridge, scientists from ten institutions met in November 1973 to form an organizing committee for APCOR. As with UNISOR, the universities and the AEC will each provide a significant portion of the capital and operating costs. Heavy ions have opened up much new research in atomic physics, but such accelerator-based research represents a real "shift from traditional approaches concerning how, where, and on what time scale atomic physics experiments should be done" (17).     

斜纹夜蛾防治研究概况

本文对防治斜纹夜蛾的农业防治、生物防治、化学防治等方法，进行简要的综述。     

甘薯病毒病研究进展

综述了国内外近年来侵染甘薯的主要病毒种类、症状、传播方式以及甘薯病毒病的诊断和检测方法;甘薯羽状斑驳病毒（ＳＰＥＭＶ）的血清学和分子生物学等方面的研究进展,简要介绍了我国甘薯脱毒研究的一些概况。     

苹果基因组学研究进展

从结构基因组学和功能基因组学上分别阐述了苹果基因组学的研究现状,并分析了目前研究中存在的主要问题,以期为苹果基因组学研究提供参考。     

植物种群构件的理论概述及研究进展

综述了植物种群构件的理论概况和国内外的研究现状以及对我国种群构件的研究展望.文中指出构件理论的思想依据、形态依据、生理依据和构件理论的五项基本内容.同时,论述了近30余年来,包括植物花构件、叶构件、芽构件、枝构件、茎构件、根构件等在内的植物种群构件研究现状.我国植物种群构件研究要注意构件间的相互作用以及构件与环境间的相互作用;注意与生理生态相结合;研究对象多元化,为开发和保护我国植物资源提供科学依据,将构件研究成果转化为生产力.     

沉积物解磷菌的研究进展：分布、解磷能力及功能基因

磷是大多数水体富营养化和有害藻华暴发的重要诱因。当外源污染得到有效控制后,沉积物内源释放可在较长时间内成为水体磷的主要来源。作为水圈磷地球化学循环的主要驱动者,解磷菌在沉积物磷的释放过程中发挥着重要作用。然而相较于农业土壤而言,沉积物解磷菌的研究起步较晚,其分子机制的研究仍处于起始阶段。鉴于此,本文概括了解磷菌的主要种属、不同生境沉积物中分布的特征以及藻华生消对解磷微生物群落组成的影响,梳理了解磷菌的矿化、溶解等主要解磷机制和关键功能基因,并对水体生态系统解磷菌的未来研究方向进行了展望,旨在为藻华期间水体磷循环以及富营养化机制的研究提供新的思路。     

农业产业链理论与实践研究进展

通过对农业产业链相关研究的文献综述,界定了产业链和农业产业链的内涵。从农业产业链运行绩效的评价与影响因素、实证研究方法三方面,介绍了国内外农业产业链运行的实证研究现状,分析了农业产业链整合管理的研究进展。     

构建3~6岁儿童动作教育中核心动作经验内容体系的研究*

通过文献资料、数理统计、观察和教学实验等研究方法,以动作技能教育目标为依据,结合幼儿身心发育特征、动作技能形成理论和动作教育中核心动作经验理论,构建出3~6岁儿童教育中核心动作内容体系,并通过教学实验验证表明：在3~6岁核心动作经验指导下的教学活动对幼儿动作发展具有积极的促进作用,研究结论将为幼儿早期的动作技能教育和幼儿课程体系的设置提供参考。