三种不同药物对鸡人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的疗效比较

采用血痢球虫散、球痢清、地克珠利三种不同的抗球虫药物进行抗人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效力试验,结果表明:三种不同药物的高剂量组即300mg/kg饲料混饲,其抗球虫指数(ACI)均在185以上,差异不显著(P>0.05)。但中剂量组即250mg/kg饲料混饲,球痢清和地克珠利组的死亡率分别比血痢球虫散组高4.15%和3.55%,差异显著(P<0.05),卵囊值差异亦显著(P<0.05),但抗球虫指数(ACI)、病变值差异不显著(P>0.05)。血痢球虫散低剂量组与球痢清和地克珠利低剂量组相比,其相对增重率、抗球虫指数(ACI)和病变值差异不显著,(P>0.05),但卵囊值差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

不同种类抗球虫药对常见鸡球虫效果的评价试验

比较 8种三类抗球虫药地克珠利、马杜霉素、克球粉、通扬球精、氯苯胍、中药复方 1组、中药复方 2组、中药复方 3组对石河子地区鸡场常见的柔嫩艾美耳球虫 6× 10 4 个感染量的作用效果。结果表明 ,以上 8种抗球虫药拌料饲喂组和感染不用药组对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的抗球虫指数 (ACI)分别为 188.6 5、176 .98、15 1.97、174 .6 2、14 8.83、187.0 8、16 9.90、178.6 5和 82 .5 3。表明地克珠利和中药复方 1组有较好的抗球虫效力 ,马杜霉素、通扬球精、中药复方 2组、中药复方 3组有中等程度的抗球虫效力 ,克球粉和氯苯胍抗球虫效力较弱。     

驱球止痢合剂防治耐药柔嫩艾美尔球虫的效果研究

目的:研究驱球止痢合剂对耐药柔嫩艾美尔球虫的防治效果。方法:通过对鸡只人工攻毒具有耐药性的柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染试验,建立鸡球虫病模型,再经过用药治疗试验后,计算出各组的抗球虫指数(ACI)。结果:驱球止痢合剂组的抗球虫指数(ACI)最高。结论:结果表明,驱球止痢合剂相较于地克珠利对防治耐药鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫具有更好的效果。     

五种抗球虫药对柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的预防效果对比试验

为了解聚醚类离子载体抗球虫药对柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的预防效果。我们选择了海南霉素(Hainanmycin)、马杜霉素(Maduramicin)、盐霉素(Salinomycin)、莫能霉素(Monensin)和拉沙霉素(Lasalosidum)5种抗球虫药，鸡在人工感染条件下，进行了预防对比试验。以成活率、相对增重率、抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标，进行综合判定。结果显示：海南霉素、马杜霉素、盐霉素用药组的ACI在160～180之间，分别为160．35、171．34和161．22。而莫能霉素和拉沙霉素用药组的ACI在160以下，分别为139．95和142．20。感染不用药组的ACI为100．67。说明海南霉素、马杜霉素、盐霉素对本鸡场鸡球虫株(E．tenella)具有中等抗球虫效力。而莫能霉素和拉沙霉素的抗球虫效果属于低效。     

常用抗球虫药对人工感染鸡球虫病的疗效观察

本试验比较了8种常用抗球虫药地克珠利(1毫克/千克饲料)、球痢灵(125毫克/千克饲料)、克球多(125毫克/千克饲料)、常山酮(3毫克/千克饲料)、盐霉素(60毫克/千克饲料)、拉沙洛菌素(75毫克/千克饲料)、氨丙啉(125毫克/千克饲料)、马杜霉素(5毫克/千克饲料)对鸡人工感染2.4×105个混合球虫卵囊的作用效果。结果表明:地克珠利抗球虫指数(ACI)为184.9,抗球虫效果优秀;盐霉素抗球虫指数(ACI)为164.4,抗球虫效果良好,克球多、常山酮、拉沙洛菌素、氨丙啉、马杜霉素的抗球虫指数分别为146.4、123.4、151.6、140.6、158.1,抗球虫效果中等;球痢灵抗球虫指数(ACI)为102.9,无效。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁分离株的药物敏感性试验

比较地克珠利、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、磺胺喹噁啉、氨丙啉、复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶等5种常用抗球虫药对人工感染2.4×105个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊的鸡的作用效果.结果表明,地克珠利抗球虫指数(ACI)为165.7,抗球虫效果良好;氨丙啉抗球虫指数(ACI)为126.7,抗球虫效果中等;磺胺喹噁啉、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为115.7、75、55.8,无抗球虫效果.     

一毒害艾美耳球虫田间分离株耐药性分析

用鸡体实验法,以相对卵囊产量(ROP)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫百分数(POAA)和抗球虫指数(ACI)等4项指标,分析了一株毒害艾美耳球虫对复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠(20％磺胺氯吡嗪钠+4％二甲氧苄啶)、血痢宁(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉)、贝尔球康(又称鸡球虫散,含青蒿、仙鹤草、何首乌、白头翁、肉桂等)、百球清(妥曲珠利)、马杜球败(马度米星铵预混剂)等5种抗球虫药的耐药性.结果显示:该株毒害艾美耳球虫对百球清无耐药性,对复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠和血痢宁有轻度耐药性,对贝尔球康无耐药性或轻度耐药性,对马杜球败有完全耐药性.提示该养殖场应停止使用马杜拉霉素,改用妥曲珠利或贝尔球康,但必须进行轮换用药或联合用药,以延长药物的使用寿命.     

抗球散超微粉对鸡球虫病的疗效研究

以10日龄罗曼蛋鸡为试验动物,研究纯中药超微粉制剂-抗球散对人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫的疗效。试验共设6个组,抗球散1%、2%、3%拌料给药组、地克珠利组、发病不给药组和空白对照组,每组30只鸡。以存活率、相对增重率、病变值与病变记分、卵囊值、抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标综合评定抗球虫效果。结果显示:抗球散2%、3%拌料组抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为192.5、183.3,抗球虫效果优秀;优于抗球散1%拌料组(ACI为154.7)和地克珠利组(ACI为170.8)。     

3种药物对河北秦皇岛鸡球虫分离株的疗效试验

85只海兰褐蛋公雏随机均分为5组,每组17只,于14日龄,除白对照组外,每只鸡接种1.2×105个河北秦皇岛柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊,同时选择球敌(0.2 mL/L)、力克球(0.5 g/L)和氨丙啉(0.6 g/L)3种常用抗球虫药,通过饮水给药的方式,观察了其对球虫的疗效,试验期为9 d。结果表明,球敌和氨丙啉的抗球虫指数(AC I)分别为186.63和181.62,属高效抗球虫药,其中球敌促生长作用显著,整个试验期内的增重分别比红对照组、白对照组、力克球组和氨丙啉组提高65.16%(P<0.01)、6.63%(P>0.05)、28.59%(P<0.01)和13.31%(P>0.05)。而氨丙啉抑制卵囊繁殖和减轻肠道病变的效果明显,但连续应用,对后期鸡的增重有抑制作用。力克球的AC I为157.77,判为低效抗球虫药。3种药物对Hb含量和脾脏、胸腺及法氏囊相对质量无显著影响。     

球敌对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫秦皇岛株的效果评价

为评价球敌对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫秦皇岛株的效力,选择68只海兰褐公雏随机分成阳性对照组,阴性对照组,球敌1组(0.2mL/L水)和球敌2组(0.4mL/L水),每组17只鸡.在14日龄,除阴性对照组外,每只鸡接种1.2×105个柔嫩艾美耳球虫.结果表明,球敌1组和2组鸡的ACI分别为186.63和187.06,表明球敌属高效抗球虫药,且促生长作用显著,整个试验期内的增重分别比阳性对照组、阴性对照组提高65.16%(P＜0.01)、55.20%(P＜0.01),6.63%(P＞0.05)、0.21%(P＞0.05),并能显著缓解因球虫感染引起的Hb含量的下降,提高胸腺和法氏囊指数.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.