不同悬挂高度数字化色板对茶棍蓟马的诱集效果试验

开展了不同悬挂高度数字化色板对茶棍蓟马的诱集效果试验,结果表明：5个不同悬挂高度数字化色板对茶棍蓟马的诱集数量差异达极显著水平（F=4.249,P〈0.01）,其中,以0～0.2 m悬挂高度色板对茶棍蓟马的诱集数量最多,而以-0.4～-0.2 m悬挂高度色板的诱集数量最少。     

海南芒果蓟马种群的活动及消长规律

近年来,蓟马已成为海南芒果生产最主要的害虫。为弄清芒果蓟马复合种群活动、消长规律,采用黄色粘虫板和蓝色粘虫板对其进行诱集、监测。结果表明：单独黄板或蓝板对芒果蓟马复合种群的诱集效果显著低于黄板和蓝板组合应用的效果,其中以黄板 ∶ 蓝板=1 ∶ 1时诱虫效果最佳;所诱集到的芒果蓟马复合种群数量与挂板高度显著相关,其乘幂曲线回归方程为y=278.65x-1.072;在不同天气条件下,芒果蓟马复合种群日活动节律基本一致,活动高峰为10∶00~12∶00,夜间不活动;芒果蓟马复合种群的年度消长情况与芒果的物候关系密切,在一个芒果生产周期内,从芒果盛花期至小果期为全年的发生高峰期。     

不同颜色粘虫板对茶园小贯小绿叶蝉等昆虫的诱集效果比较研究

本研究利用黄板、蓝板和混色色板对茶园小贯小绿叶蝉等常见昆虫进行诱集并比较结果,旨为茶园科学合理使用粘虫色板防治虫害提供理论依据.结果表明,三种色板对靶标害虫小贯小绿叶蝉诱集数量高低依次为混色板>黄板>蓝板,混色板的诱集数量为5.31头/面;对其他害虫诱集数量高低依次为黄板>混色板>蓝板,黄板的诱集数量为3.27头/面;对寄生性天敌昆虫诱集数量高低依次为混色板>黄板>蓝板,混色板的诱集数量为2.73头/面;对捕食性天敌昆虫诱集数量高低依次为蓝板>混色板>黄板,蓝板的诱集数量为0.73头/面;对中性昆虫诱集数量高低依次为黄板>蓝板>混色板,黄板的诱集数量为20.78头/面;对传粉昆虫诱集数量高低依次为蓝板>黄板>混色板,蓝板的诱集数量为1.27头/面.三种色板诱集茶园昆虫中益害比比值高低依次为蓝板>混色板>黄板,分别为:0.48、0.40和0.31.粘虫色板虽然对茶园害虫诱集效果较好,但其对有益昆虫的不利影响亦应引起高度重视.     

防虫板防治北方无性良种茶园茶小绿叶蝉效果研究

研究了不同颜色防虫板对北方茶园茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果。结果表明:各种颜色防虫板对茶小绿叶蝉均具有一定的防治效果,其田间防效大小依次为:黄板、绿板、蓝板;其累积诱虫效果大小依次为:黄板、绿板。黄板田间防治效果和粘虫效果最好,田间防效最高达92.1%,粘虫效果为148.4头/m~2·天,最适宜北方茶园茶小绿叶蝉的防治。     

不同朝向、挂置高度和信息素对黄、蓝色板诱捕茶园主要害虫的影响

本文研究了不同朝向、挂置高度和信息素对黄、蓝色板诱捕茶园假眼小绿叶蝉、黑刺粉虱和蓟马的影响。结果表明:朝向、挂置高度和信息素对诱虫量均具有一定影响,适宜的悬挂方向为东西向,最佳悬挂高度则为色板下缘距茶丛顶端10 cm,使用信息素诱芯能大幅提高黄、蓝板对这几种害虫的诱捕效果。     

三种黄板对茶园害虫诱捕试验初探

<正>色板诱捕小型害虫是利用害虫对颜色的趋性而开发的一种防虫手段。色板颜色对诱捕效果影响很大,而黄板是目前茶叶生产上使用最广泛的色板类型。姚元涛等试验表明在黄、绿、蓝3种颜色色板中,黄板对茶蚜的田间防治效果最好;赵冬香等采用6种颜色色板对茶园假眼小绿叶蝉进行了室内和田间诱捕试验,结果表明假眼小绿叶蝉最偏嗜黄色;王蓉通过试验也证明黄板对假眼小绿叶蝉的诱捕效果要优于蓝板。应用黄板诱捕茶园害虫,是实施茶园虫害绿色防控     

锉吸有痕的茶棍蓟马

茶棍蓟马也称茶棘皮蓟马、米氏棍蓟马,分类地位上属于缨翅目(Thysanoptera)蓟马科(Thripidae)棍蓟马属(Dendrothrips),是南方茶区较为常见的茶树吸汁类害虫,近年来在多地茶园发生,尤以贵州茶区发生较重。本文介绍了茶棍蓟马的分布和为害、形态特征、发生特点和防治方法,为该害虫的识别和科学防控提供参考。     

茶园黄板不同挂置高度和朝向对诱虫量的影响

本文研究了茶园黄板不同悬挂高度、朝向对诱虫量的影响。结果表明：黄板悬挂高度对诱虫量具有显著影响,平行于茶梢的位置高度为0 cm~20 cm处理诱虫量极显著高于其余高度,效果最好;20 cm~40 cm次之,显著或极显著高于-20 cm~0 cm和40 cm~60 cm两个处理。黄板东西朝向诱虫量略高于南北朝向,但无显著性差异。生产实际中,建议在平行于茶梢的位置高度为0 cm~40 cm处悬挂黄板,以东西或南北朝向均可。     

茶园蓟马的绿色防控技术研究进展

为更好地防治广东茶园两种常见蓟马,本文从生物学特征、危害症状、绿色防控技术等方面介绍茶棍蓟马与茶黄蓟马的研究进展,以期为茶园蓟马的绿色防控技术的应用提供参考。     

不同种类粘虫板在六堡茶有机茶园的应用技术研究

为了解天敌友好型色板与普通黄板对六堡茶有机茶园茶小绿叶蝉的诱捕效果,以及对天敌蜘蛛的影响,通过开展对比试验,调查不同时期、不同悬挂高度的两种粘虫板对茶小绿叶蝉和天敌蜘蛛的影响。结果显示,天敌友好型色板诱捕茶小绿叶蝉的效果较好,对天敌蜘蛛的影响较小。不同悬挂高度实验结果显示:6月份和8月份,天敌友好型粘虫板悬挂高于茶蓬面20 cm时对小绿叶蝉的诱捕效果优于10 cm,而7月份则是10 cm的悬挂高度诱捕效果较好;普通黄板悬挂高度为高于茶蓬面20 cm时对小绿叶蝉的诱集效果优于10 cm。     

不同颜色色板对假眼小绿叶蝉和天敌缨小蜂及其它蜂类的引诱效应?

研究了不同颜色色板对假眼小绿叶蝉诱集效果和对天敌缨小蜂的引诱作用，结果表明黄色板诱集的小绿叶蝉数量最多为68.33头·板-1，紫色板最低5.28头·板-1，黄色板诱集数量极显著高于其他色板（F=10.50，P＜0.01），不同色板的诱集效果为黄色＞绿色＞黑色＞灰色＞红色＞蓝色＞白色＞紫色。不同色板诱集缨小蜂的数量差异极显著（F=16.82，P＜0.01），黄色板诱集缨小蜂数量最多19.00头·板-1，色板引诱缨小蜂的数量为黄色＞绿色＞蓝色＞白色＞红色＞紫色＞灰色＞黑色。黄色板对寄生蜂的引诱力最强，平均每板30.89头，不同色板诱集的缨小蜂与假眼小绿叶蝉的益害比差异不显著（F=1.20， P＞0.05）。     

两种喷雾方法对茶棍蓟马防治效果的研究

比较了静电喷雾和常规喷雾技术对茶园茶棍蓟马防治的效果。结果表明,以2000倍吡蚜酮水溶液喷雾,静电喷雾的单位面积药剂用量比常规喷雾减少32．7％,用药7天后的防治效果提高18．8％;而且吡蚜酮在茶叶的残留量为0．010mg/kg,约为常规喷雾的1／8。     

茶蚜趋色性及信息物质增进色板诱蚜效应研究

茶蚜广泛分布于我国茶区，刺吸危害茶树嫩梢。拟使用粘性色板诱捕之，减免施药。使用素馨黄、芽绿、土黄、桔黄、果绿、大红、纯白、紫色、湖蓝、天蓝、桃红和墨绿等12种粘性色板，经多年多点诱捕茶蚜，并在芽绿色板上附着不同种类和相互比例的茶梢信息物质引诱茶蚜。发现素馨黄和芽绿色彩对茶蚜的引诱力显著强于其它色彩，茶蚜具有显著的趋黄、绿习性；信息物质皆可增强色板对茶蚜的诱捕力，其中以C5、C6醇类、醛类和酯类等绿叶气味成分组成的混合物对色板增效作用最强，顺-3-己烯-1-醇次之、反-2-己烯醛和2-戊烯-1-醇又次之。认为：生长季节成蚜大量迁飞时使用携带绿叶气味诱芯的色板诱捕之，可有效压低其虫口密度。     

用黄色粘虫板监测玉米田双斑萤叶甲和蚜虫种群动态与诱杀效果研究

2018和2019年7～9月在齐齐哈尔地区通过在玉米田间悬挂黄板(40 cm×25 cm),设距地面1.0 m和玉米雌穗上2种悬挂高度,每7 d更换,调查其对双斑萤叶甲、蚜虫诱杀作用及对主要天敌昆虫的诱集影响。结果表明,黄板对双斑萤叶甲成虫具有显著的诱杀作用,高峰期周平均最多诱杀188头/板。平均单板诱虫量变化反映出双斑萤叶甲7月初始发,8月中旬为盛发期,9月上旬为盛发末期。黄板对有翅蚜有一定的诱杀效果,平均单板诱集有翅蚜量与田间单株玉米上无翅蚜种群密度呈显著线性相关。蚜虫种群密度高峰期,黄板诱杀区单株平均蚜量比不挂黄板(对照区)显著减低44.8%～45.3%(2018)和21.0%～28.3%(2019)。黄板对瓢虫有一定的诱集作用,对草蛉、食蚜蝇等天敌基本无显著诱集作用。在齐齐哈尔地区黄板既可以用于田间监测玉米田双斑萤叶甲和蚜虫的种群发生动态,又具有诱杀和防治的潜力。     

Termite resistance of biobased composition boards made from cotton byproducts and guayule bagasse

Large quantities of cotton gin byproducts (CGB), also known as cotton gin trash or cotton gin waste, are being produced across the cotton belt of the United States annually. Similarly, guayule wastes after rubber latex production is expected to increase as this industry begins to expand. Use of these waste materials in value-added products can help the economics of the crops and aid in alleviating waste management issues and environmental problems. Conventional wood preservatives used to protect wood from insect and microbial damage are of concern to human health and the environment. Guayule bagasse (GB) has been shown to have termite control properties, and a combination of cotton gin and guayule wastes could also have such valuable properties. An initial study evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of boards produced from these two biomasses was published in 2009, this study is a continuation focusing on the termite resistance of boards produced. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the termite resistance property of experimental composition boards made from CGB and GB. Composition boards were made from five different ratios of CGB to GB: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (C100, C75-G25, C50-G50, C25-G75, and G100, respectively). Additionally, three-layered boards (3-layer) consisting of 25% GB (upper layer), 50% CGB (middle layer), and 25% GB (bottom layer) were made. For comparison, a commercial southern pine lumber board (SPB), a commercial oriented strandboard (OSB), and a commercial preservative treated medium density fiberboard (MDF) were included in the testing. This testing was an extension of a previous study where the mechanical properties of the CGB and GB composition boards were compared to select commercial standards. Five specimens were cut from each of the nine different board treatments and tested using Eastern subterranean termites. Weight loss, termite survival days, and visual grade of each specimen were determined according to testing standards. Results confirmed good termite control quality for boards made from GB alone. Boards containing CGB to GB ratios of 75-25 and 50-50 obtained similar termite resistance as the commercial OSB based on the total weight loss and one-week termite mortality rate. Visual grading of tested specimens revealed all six CGB and GB composition boards and the treated MDF showed better rating than the commercial OSB and pine lumber. No differences were noted among the total termite surviving days for the six CGB and GB composition boards. Overall, the biobased CGB and GB boards showed promise with the boards containing GB exhibiting improved termite resistance properties than SPB and OSB.     

The potential use of Ricinus communis L. (Castor) stalks as a lignocellulosic resource for particleboards

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) stalks, which are a readily available by-product of this plant mainly cultivated for seed production, derived from experimental plantations grown in Northern Greece during the period April–October 1996 were assessed for their suitability as feed stocks for direct substitution of wood in particleboard. The average stalk yield of castor reached about 10 dry t/ha, which is higher than the average yield of forest in temperate zones. After harvesting, castor stalks were dried in a greenhouse to about 12% moisture content, and chipped by an automobile chipper and re-chipped in a hammermill. Castor particles and industrial wood particles mixed in various proportions were used as raw material for one-layer and for the middle layer of three-layer particleboards. A commercial E₂ grade UF-resin was used as binder. Castor particles were characterized by a lower slenderness ratio and lower bulk density than industrial wood particles. The evaluation of the mechanical and hygroscopic properties of panels showed the following results: Partial substitution of wood by castor stalks resulted in the deterioration of all board properties. The presence of the unlignified pith and the configuration of castor particles seem to be responsible for the deleterious effect of castor stalks on board properties. However, comparing the properties of the boards produced in this study to relevant European and American Standards, it was found that, with the exception of screwholding strength for three-layer boards, the experimental one layer-, and three-layer boards containing up to 25% and 75% castor particles respectively meet or exceed the Standards requirements for interior boards.     

Preparation and property evaluation of sound-absorbing/thermal-insulating PU composite boards with cushion protection

This study used recycled fibers and inflaming retarding fibers to form composite nonwoven and then compounded with PU foam preparing composite board with sound-absorbing, thermal-insulating and cushion properties. Effects of foam density and composite nonwoven on three properties of PU composite board have studied. Result shows that, with increase of foam density, composite boards had higher sound absorbing coefficient at medium and high frequencies, lower thermal insulation as well as firstly improved and then decreased cushion property. After assessment, the optimal foam density was 60 kg/m³. For diverse requirements, PU foam matches with different kinds of composite nonwoven to achieve excellent cushion property. The resulting composite board can effectively ease hurts from rigid wall, and could be applied in kindergarten, music hall, audio-visual room, pub and recreational centre etc in the future.     

Wettability and roughness characteristics of modified wood boards using a hot-press

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the thermal modification process by hot-press on the wettability and surface roughness characteristics of the eucalyptus wood boards. The roughness measurements, average roughness (R_a), and maximum roughness (R_max) were taken both parallel and perpendicular to the grain using a fine stylus tracing technique. Contact angle measurements were obtained using a goniometer system connected to a digital camera and computer system. The results showed that surface roughness values of the modified wood boards using a hot-press significantly decreased with increasing press pressure and with decreasing temperature. The contact angle measurements indicated that the thermal modification had a significant influence on the surface wettability of the wood boards. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the surface roughness and contact angle values of the wood boards following thermal modification. The results acquired in this work provide important information for future research and utilization of the thermally modified wood boards.