葡萄糖酸替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜免疫的影响

本试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加葡萄糖酸替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜免疫的影响。将180只1日龄体重相近的健康黄羽肉鸡随机分为5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮;阳性对照组在基础日粮基础上添加饲用抗生素(0.3 g/kg那西肽+0.25 g/kg硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮基础上添加1、2、3 g/kg的葡萄糖酸。结果表明,基础日粮中添加葡萄糖酸替代饲用抗生素提高了十二指肠黏膜蛋白质中SIgA含量和十二指肠黏膜主动免疫功能;提高了77d黄羽肉鸡空肠、回肠肠黏膜蛋白质中溶菌酶含量及回肠内容物中乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、丙酸及总酸的浓度;对鸡免疫器官指数、小肠内容物中细菌总数总体影响不明显。由此可见,葡萄糖酸替代饲用抗生素改善了黄羽肉鸡肠黏膜免疫功能。     

氨酰胺、甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对肉鸡日增重和免疫器官发育的影响

 选择健康1日龄黄羽肉鸡（母）90只，随机分为3组,每组3个重复, 每重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验1组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺的日粮，试验2组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的日粮，进行28 d的试验，探讨谷氨酰胺和甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对黄羽肉鸡增重和免疫器官发育的影响。结果表明，在黄羽肉鸡日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺和0.20%的甘氨酰谷氨酰胺有利于提高肉仔鸡平均日增重和促进免疫器官（胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊）的发育，添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺显著提高第1周的日增重(P<0.05)和显著提高第28 d的法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的提高生长性能和促进免疫器官发育的效果相当于添加0.40%谷氨酰胺的效果。     

氨酰胺、甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对肉鸡日增重和免疫器官发育的影响

选择健康1日龄黄羽肉鸡（母）90只，随机分为3组,每组3个重复, 每重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验1组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺的日粮，试验2组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的日粮，进行28 d的试验，探讨谷氨酰胺和甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对黄羽肉鸡增重和免疫器官发育的影响。结果表明，在黄羽肉鸡日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺和0.20%的甘氨酰谷氨酰胺有利于提高肉仔鸡平均日增重和促进免疫器官（胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊）的发育，添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺显著提高第1周的日增重(P<0.05)和显著提高第28 d的法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的提高生长性能和促进免疫器官发育的效果相当于添加0.40%谷氨酰胺的效果。     

黄芪、枸杞、金银花等中草药复方制剂对肉鸡免疫器官发育及免疫功能的影响

为了研究由黄芪、枸杞、金银花等药材组成的复方中草药制剂对肉鸡免疫器官发育及免疫功能的影响,将1日龄健康AA肉鸡1 000羽随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组5个重复,每个重复50羽,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的复方中草药制剂,试验期42d。结果显示,在21日龄时,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡法氏囊指数、血清IgG和IgM含量以及NDV抗体和IL-4水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组脾质量和器官指数以及血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组肉鸡血清IgG含量和NDV抗体水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);在42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡胸腺和法氏囊质量与器官指数、血清IgG和IgM含量以及NDV抗体和IL-4水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组肉鸡脾质量与器官指数、血清IgG和IgM含量以及IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组肉鸡血清IgG和IgM含量以及NDV抗体水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。显微观察可见,在21日龄时,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡法氏囊组织结构清晰,法氏囊小结面积显著大于对照组(P0.05),小结内淋巴细胞数量较多,排列紧密。在42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡胸腺皮质厚度显著大于对照组(P0.05),法氏囊小结面积显著大于对照组(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组肉鸡胸腺皮质厚度显著大于对照组(P0.05),脾小结和脾动脉周围淋巴鞘小结面积显著大于对照组(P0.05),脾小结数量也明显较多;试验Ⅰ组肉鸡脾小结面积也明显大于对照组(P0.05)。结果表明,日粮中添加不同剂量黄芪、枸杞、金银花等复方中草药制剂对肉鸡免疫器官发育和免疫功能可产生不同程度的促进作用,其中以添加1.0%复方中草药制剂效果最好。     

不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

为研究小麦型日粮中添加不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响,选择22日龄体重相近的健康黄羽肉鸡375羽,随机分成3个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复25羽。对照组饲喂小麦型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加250 mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶的试验日粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明,小麦型日粮中分别添加250mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶显著提高了黄羽肉鸡腹脂率（P〈0.01）,而对全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率没有影响（P〉0.05）;显著提高了黄羽肉鸡法氏囊指数（P〈0.01）以及血清中T3（P〉0.05）、T4、IgA（P〈0.01）和IgM（P〈0.01）水平,且均表现出试验Ⅱ组〉试验Ⅰ组〉对照组的规律,但脾脏指数却相反。结果提示,两种来源木聚糖酶可提高黄羽肉鸡腹脂率和增强机体免疫功能,且细菌性木聚糖酶的提高幅度均高于真菌性木聚糖酶。     

微生态制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响

选21日龄健康黄羽肉仔鸡(母)176只,随机分成4组,每组2个重复,Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮基础上添加不同剂量微生态制剂的日粮,试验21d,探讨微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能和免疫器官发育的影响。结果表明:在21日龄黄羽肉鸡日粮中添加200mg/kg微生态制剂就能显著提高其体重和平均日增重(P<0.05),有提高饲料采食量和饲料转化率的趋势。添加微生态制剂可促进主要免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊)的生长发育,添加量为600mg/kg可显著提高42日龄时胸腺重量、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。     

不同硒源对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响

为研究亚硒酸钠与纳米硒对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响.试验选用罗曼蛋雏鸡120只,随机分为3组:Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别添加0.4 mg/kg亚硒酸钠和纳米硒的基础日粮.在试验鸡26,36日龄时的清晨称重,每组随机扑杀5只,取免疫器官,计算免疫器官指教,并进行组织切片观察.结果表明:试验鸡36日龄时的生长性能,Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组相比结果显著(P＜0.05).Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组相比结果极显著(P＜0.01);免疫器官指数,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组相比结果不显著(P＞0.05);免疫器官结构:脾脏,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组动脉周围淋巴鞘变大、脾小结变大:法氏囊,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组法氏囊皮质增厚;胸腺,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸腺皮质增厚、胸腺小体变大.Ⅱ、Ⅲ组比较,Ⅲ组在脾小结变化中表现更为明显.结论:在蛋雏鸡饲料中添加纳米硒能促进其生长并增强免疫器官功能.     

微生态制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和疫苗免疫效果的影响

试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和疫苗免疫效果的影响。将150只1日龄黄羽肉鸡[（34.5±1.5）g]随机分成对照组和4个试验组,全部接种禽流感-新城疫二联灭活疫苗,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加2×105CFU/g丁酸梭菌、0.4%低聚果糖、107CFU/g酿酒酵母等不同组合的微生态制剂,定期测定生长性能指标和禽流感、新城疫抗体效价。结果显示：84日龄时,试验Ⅲ组胃肠道指数显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。对于22～42日龄段幼龄黄羽肉鸡,与对照组比较,试验Ⅱ组平均日增重显著提高（P<0.05）、料重比显著降低（P<0.05）,试验Ⅲ组平均日增重显著降低（P<0.05）。对42日龄以上青年黄羽肉鸡,与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组平均日增重显著提高（P<0.05）、料重比显著降低（P<0.05）,试验Ⅳ组平均日采食量和料重比显著降低（P<0.05）,而试验Ⅱ组无明显影响;与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组提高了禽流感抗体效价峰值和抗体保持时间,试验组对新城疫抗体效价无显著影响。综合考虑：在幼龄黄羽肉鸡的日粮中添加合适剂量的...     

不同水平壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和免疫性能的影响。试验选用192只1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加200、600和1000 mg/kg壳聚糖。结果表明:(1)添加壳聚糖,对肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比无显著影响。(2)添加壳聚糖,可显著提高肉鸡胸腺指数和法氏囊指数,600和1000mg/kg壳聚糖组效果较好。     

大蒜素对肉鸡免疫器官发育及T淋巴细胞阳性率的影响

试验共选用72只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成4组。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加12.5、37.5、62.5mg/kg的大蒜素。将肉鸡饲养至21、28、35、42日龄进行相应处理,测定了21、35日龄肉鸡免疫器官的相对重量及28、42日龄肉鸡T淋巴细胞阳性率。测定结果表明,大蒜素处理的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的肉鸡,35日龄法氏囊重量均比对照组显著增加(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组21日龄胸腺和Ⅳ组35日龄脾脏重量均比对照组显著增加(P<0.05)。T淋巴细胞阳性率相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组28和42日龄T淋巴细胞阳性率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。所以,在日粮中添加大蒜素,可促进21、35日龄肉鸡免疫器官发育和28、42日龄肉鸡血液T淋巴细胞增殖和成熟。     

天蚕素和合生素对AA肉鸡小肠黏膜形态和小肠免疫细胞的影响

为研究日粮中添加天蚕素、合生素对AA肉鸡小肠黏膜形态及免疫细胞的影响,试验选用480只1日龄健康AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础日粮,试验组（Ⅱ~Ⅳ组）分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%天蚕素、0.3%合生素、0.5%天蚕素+0.3%合生素。试验期42 d。结果显示,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度极显著升高（P<0.01）;Ⅱ组空肠和回肠、Ⅲ组小肠各段隐窝深度显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小肠各段和Ⅳ组十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）;Ⅱ组空肠绒毛宽度显著降低（P<0.05）,Ⅲ组十二指肠和空肠、Ⅳ组空肠和回肠绒毛宽度均极显著降低（P<0.01）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组空肠黏膜厚度显著升高（P<0.05）,Ⅳ组小肠各段黏膜厚度均极显著升高（P<0.01）。Ⅱ组回肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量显著升高（P<0.05）,Ⅲ组十二指肠、Ⅳ组小肠各段上皮内淋巴细胞数量极显著升高（P<0.01）;Ⅲ组十二指肠、Ⅳ组十二指肠和回肠杯状细胞数量极显著升高（P<0.01）;Ⅳ组空肠肥大细胞数量显著升高（P<0.05）。综上所述,天蚕素、合生素单独或联合添加均能改善AA肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,促进小肠黏膜免疫细胞增殖,联合添加效果最佳。     

Effects of Cecropin and Synbiotics on the Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Mucosal Immune Cells of AA Broilers

In order to investigate the effects of cecropin and synbiotics on the intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal mucosal immune cells of AA broilers. 480 of 1-day-old healthy AA broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 broilers per replicate. The broilers in group Ⅰ(control group) were fed basal diet,while that in groups Ⅱ to Ⅳ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% cecropin,0.3% synbiotics,0.5% cecropin+0.3% synbiotics,respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. The result showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the villus height of duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The crypt depth of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅱ,and that of small intestine in group Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01).The villus height/crypt depth of small intestine in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and that of duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01).The villus width of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the villus width of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅲ,that of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The mucous thickness of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05),while that of small intestine in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The number of the intraepithelial lymphocyte of ileum in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05),and that of duodenum in group Ⅲ and small intestine in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The number of the goblet cell of duodenum in group Ⅲ,duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The mast cell of jejunum in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,both the cecropin and synbiotics could improve the small intestine mucosal structure and promote the small intestine mucosal immunocompetent cells proliferation in AA broiler, and the effect of combined utilization would be better.     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

金荞麦对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道形态结构的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加金荞麦对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道形态结构的影响。选择1日龄铁脚麻肉仔鸡270只,随机分为3组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组）,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,不添加任何抗生素;Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加8%黄霉素60 mg/kg和15%金霉素270 mg/kg;Ⅲ组在基础日粮中添加1%金荞麦。试验期为21 d。结果显示,①21日龄时,Ⅲ组肉仔鸡平均日采食量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,3组间平均日增重、料重比均差异不显著（P>0.05）。②21日龄时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,3组间脾脏指数差异不显著（P>0.05）。③21日龄时,Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）均显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白G（IgG）显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。④21日龄时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组空肠黏膜白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）含量均显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,Ⅲ组肠道黏膜白细胞介素-6（IL-6）显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。⑤21日龄时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组空肠绒毛高度显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）,3组间隐窝深度差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,日粮中添加适量的金荞麦对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响,但可促进肉仔鸡免疫器官发育,提高血清免疫球蛋白及空肠黏膜免疫因子分泌,同时可促进肠道绒毛生长,改善肠道形态结构。     

Effect of HMBi on Slaughter Performance,Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Enzyme Activity of Fujian Yellow Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of HMBi on slaughter performance,intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.100 weaning rabbits (half male and half female) with similar weight were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 rabbits per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.20%,0.40% and 0.60% HMBi,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 10 days and the trial period lasted for 52 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the slaughter weight and dressing percentage in group Ⅱ were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively,the carcass weight in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).② Compared with control group,the villous height of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅱ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the villous height of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅲ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01);The crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the crypt depth of ileum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05);The V/C of duodenum and ileum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the V/C of jejunum in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).③ Compared with control group,the amylase activity in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,HMBi could enhance dressing percentage,improve intestinal mucosal morphology and increase intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.Under this experiment conditions,the appropriate HMBi level in the diet of Fujian Yellow rabbits was 0.40%.     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对福建黄兔屠宰性能、肠道黏膜形态和肠道酶活的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对福建黄兔屠宰性能、肠道组织形态和肠道酶活的影响。选取体重相近、健康的断奶福建黄兔100只(公、母各半),随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.20%、0.40%、0.60% HMBi。预试期10 d,正试期52 d。结果表明,①与对照组相比,Ⅱ组屠体重和屠宰率分别显著和极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胴体重显著提高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,Ⅱ组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度极显著提高(P<0.01),Ⅲ组空肠和回肠绒毛高度极显著提高(P<0.01);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组回肠隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅲ组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值极显著提高(P<0.01)。③与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,HMBi可提高福建黄兔的屠宰率,改善小肠黏膜形态,增加肠道酶活性;在本试验条件下,福建黄兔日粮中HMBi的适宜添加水平为0.40%。     

超微粉中药对保育猪腹泻及肠黏膜免疫细胞的影响

为研制安全、高效环保型保育猪中药添加剂,将72头体重相近的28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮、基础饲粮＋抗生素、基础饲粮＋1%中草药组方Ⅰ、基础饲粮＋1%中草药组方Ⅱ,进行为期28 d的饲养试验,统计腹泻频率及腹泻指数、测定肠黏膜免疫细胞。结果显示,中药Ⅱ组效果优于中药Ⅰ组和抗生素组。中药Ⅱ组腹泻持续时间最短、腹泻频率及腹泻指数最低;与对照组相比,对回肠段杯状细胞数量影响最大的是抗生素组,提高14.29%（P〉0.05）。对其它肠黏膜免疫细胞数量影响最大的是中药Ⅱ组,提高十二指肠、空肠及回肠段上皮内淋巴细胞数量分别达23.37%（P〈0.01）、16.33%（P〈0.01）、14.52%（P〈0.01）;提高十二指肠及空肠段杯状细胞数量分别达31.82%（P〈0.01）、26.92%（P〈0.01）;提高十二指肠、空肠及回肠段肥大细胞数量分别达17.99%（P〈0.01）、23.87%（P〈0.01）、18.71%（P〈0.01）。     

酸汤对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能、抗氧化性能及肠道微生物区系的影响

本试验旨在研究酸汤对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能、抗氧化性能及肠道微生物区系的影响。试验选用31日龄、体重[(5.34±0.86)kg]相近、健康的断奶仔猪45头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别在基础饲粮的基础上添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的酸汤。预试期7 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅴ组的腹泻率显著低于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅴ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的含量为2.86 g/L,显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅴ组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅴ组空肠绒隐比显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);饲粮中添加酸汤有增加盲肠厚壁菌门相对丰度、降低拟杆菌门相对丰度的趋势,试验Ⅳ组盲肠乳杆菌属相对丰度显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上可知,饲粮中添加适量酸汤能提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、免疫性能以及抗氧化性能,一定程度上促进小肠形态发育以及改善盲肠菌群结构,可作为断奶仔猪饲料添加剂。     

2种植物提取物复合物对断奶仔猪生长性能以及肠道形态结构、免疫功能和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加2种植物提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道免疫功能、肠道形态结构和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF?Ⅰ)含量的影响.选取胎次相近(3～6胎次)、25日龄断奶的"大白×长白"二元仔猪120头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg杆菌肽锌...     

低蛋白质饲粮添加载锌蒙脱石对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和肠道组织形态的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮添加载锌蒙脱石(Zn-MMT)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和肠道组织形态的影响。随机选择1日龄健康科宝公雏288只,按体重一致原则随机分成6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型低蛋白质基础饲粮,正对照组[硫酸锌(ZnSO 4)组]饲喂低蛋白质基础饲粮+40 mg/kg ZnSO 4,4个试验组分别在低蛋白质基础饲粮中添加20、40、60和80 mg/kg Zn-MMT(均以锌含量计算)。试验鸡自由采食和饮水,试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组和ZnSO 4组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加60和80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡1~21日龄平均日增重(ADG,P<0.05),添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡1~21日龄料重比(F/G,P<0.05);添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡22~42日龄和1~42日龄ADG、平均日采食量和F/G以及1~21日龄ADG无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡21和42日龄免疫器官指数无显著影响(P>0.05);但与ZnSO 4组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡21日龄胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05),且添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡42日龄胸腺指数(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加20和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡42日龄腿比率(P<0.05);与ZnSO 4组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加40和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡十二指肠隐窝深度(CD,P<0.05),且添加60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠CD(P<0.05);添加20 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡回肠CD(P<0.05),并显著提高肉鸡回肠绒毛高度(VH)/CD(V/C)值(P<0.05);同时,添加80 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠V/C值(P<0.05)。与ZnSO 4组相比,低蛋白质饲粮添加20 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡回肠V/C值(P<0.05),并显著降低回肠CD(P<0.05);添加40 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡空肠VH(P<0.05),并显著降低肉鸡十二指肠CD(P<0.05);添加20和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著降低肉鸡空肠CD(P<0.05);添加20、40和60 mg/kg Zn-MMT显著提高肉鸡空肠V/C值(P<0.05)。综上所述,在低蛋白质饲粮中添加Zn-MMT对肉鸡后期生长性能无显著影响,但与添加ZnSO 4相比,可显著提高肉鸡免疫器官指数,提高小肠VH和V/C值,降低小肠CD,促进肉鸡肠道发育。